Tonight, excellent. Andthe publisher of zocalo a proud affiliate of Arizona State university. [applause] our mission is to connect people with ideas to each other. Everything we do is free. Everyone is welcome. We pride ourselves on having the most diverse public forum than any city in the United States online and on the graph. We are a magazine of ideas. We publish 700 essays a year and syndicate them to media outlets. The Houston Chronicle to the washington post. Since our founding, we have sented 543 free events [applause] featuring thank you, speakers from 23 cities, seven states, and six countries. I am pleased to say, as of today, we are proud to announce this is our home. [applause] trust me, we are very happy about it. Its of particular interest to me, our offices will be nextdoor as the first the temple on the west coast and we are told its haunted and im freaked out by the argan the other cool freaked out by that. Thing is that my greatgrandfather was a brick layer on this place. We believe in treating Community Around ideas creating Community Around ideas and that is why our events are always followed by refreshments to continue the confirmation the conversation with our guest. You can fan us on facebook and twitter. We have cspan recording the program tonight for later broadcast. Please silenced your phones unless you are going to write cool things on twitter. Tonights finished, we hope you enjoy us. Join us for an refreshments in the lobby. ,lease welcome our guest goldie. She is a Senior Writer and one of the most respected Higher Education journalists known for forprofitse on Higher Education, education innovation, reported from the chronicle for several countries. , published an author by Oxford University press in 2015. Please give goldie a warm welcome. [applause] oldie thank you for joining us tonight. I understand there showing that signal here in l. A. So it is cool for you to be here tonight. Im going to introduce the panel. Darrell adams, a former superintendent, we will hear more about the wifi on wheels program. Evangelist,gle marie, and a michael krol, president of Arizona State university, familiar to several of you tonight. They have ramped up a lot on Online Education and Digital Education in general. We have a cool topic. Dismantlel education the class system . We have 45 minutes. Should be a piece of cake. I put that topic out on twitter and asked, what would you ask . I thought i might crowd sourced a few questions. The first answer i got back, what are you smoking . [laughter] the second person said, ask about decades of research and improve learning. It takes a needed time, money, and resources. We need toought write it down. In a phrase or two, when we talk about this notion of Digital Education in this context about the american class system, what are we talking about . What does it mean to you as we talk about this . For me, it means a Digital Education must break down the class system, especially in america. Born and raised in memphis, tennessee, and living through the civil rights movement, our access to information and knowledge at that time prevented people like me for getting ahead. But now, with the tools available, power and knowledge is there available for everyone. As we continue to move forward and as we have done throughout the nation, students are going to have the opportunity to use these tools to access information like never before. That is power and opportunity. Education . Digital right, technology does not improve learning. Teaching improves lauren, great cation improves a morning improves a learning, great education improves learning. I think how teachers use them is what will get us to a point that will start making sense of what we talk about when we talk about Digital Learning. It is just learning. Murray . Marie . Its important if we talk about k12 and Higher Education. At my institution, we have a 5000 adult students studying dominantly online and is all education is simply putting the tools of education into technology. That is not enough. Access is important, but not enough. Support has to happen. This, we will get into the higher ed system itself actually creates more of a class system. If you know of someone who has gone to harvard, you come out with a very different set of expectations about your life and probably came from different expectations that the student that comes out of my institution. I promise you, we will get to that very soon. In this room has been technologically enhanced. Glasses, shoes, my have taken vitamins, you are eating advanced, unbelievable food. We are all technologically advanced. All teaching has been technologically advanced the different ways in time. The two people that said that it, im not sure they understood the question. When i mean is that, it is literally the case that technology is nothing but an enhancement of the individual human. It is nothing but a way in which a teacher can be enhanced, a learner can be enhanced, a dictionary in a book is technology that was far superior before the book then when you had definition to the language you are asked to master. Nowcaps out all we have Going Forward are tools we can manufacture to enhance the individual teacher for the individual learner or the community of learners or teachers. They are in eight. They are in eight. Nate. Can Digital Education dismantle the class system . Can education even dismantle the class system . I think each one of us lifesents someone whos a was enhanced by education and i am certain people in the audience, as well. As a nation, i think we have to be honest and say higher satisfyingprobably the class system as opposed to enhancing it. , wheree talk about this Digital Education can do something traditional education as it . There are a thousand variables related to education since 1900, and you would find education is the single most predicted variable for social class change in the United States. That is a powerful driver. So powerful, we are dissatisfied with the present outcome. So powerful, education is such a powerful driver, that we are unsatisfied with the fact we do not have everyone benefiting from it. We have never had a system and if it everyone. We have always had a system that benefited a few and then more and more. You think it is working that way . We certainly have a very satisfied system right now. Lower income students in our country go to School Systems that dont prepare them that well. If they are lucky, they go to Community Colleges and lower prestige institutions. The opportunity is there. I get this question all the time. Is education broken . Its hard to answer that question because im firstgeneration america, raised on food stamps and welfare. Any new yorkers in the house . I grew up in the old Health Kitchen in the 60s 1960s and 1970s, not a great place to grow up. I want to college at asu and i get to do what i do because of education. What need to consider the impact on students goes on for generations. My kids are impacted by this. My daughter graduated from college. She never thought she wasnt going to go to college. She assumed she went she would go to college because i went to college and her mother went college. She assumed i would pay for it [laughter] that is a good problem to have. That is the real impact. The opportunity now, as it impacted everyone . Can we do more . Are there more people that can have this opportunity . We need to do a better job with that. But the opportunity has been real for a long time. Aboutthere something digitizing using Digital Technology for education that changes education . Are we talking about Something Different in 2017 then we were in 2000 even . Does it have a power now that it didnt before . At think it does because now we can personalize education. Individualized education. I drink of the date where we can have an app that can reach biorhythms and tell you what you need to learn and how you need to learn somethings. Something. You see these schools springing up around the bay area with a have cameras and all the classrooms and kits that can design their own program. Some Public Schools are able to design programs as early as six or seven great. Sixth orp them find seventh grade. If we help them find that passion, we need to nurture that. They are ready for this, but we have to bring the leadership on board and make sure parents are involved in the process, as well. Can i get a distinction between actual learning i can going back to the actual question, which i thought was brought and how do you dismantle an entire class system . There is a learning that goes on in institutions and then there is the signaling function. I know that many of our students in my institution are getting really good quality education. There are still employers that will question it. We dont necessarily how do they know it is an Online Education . We are in the University System of maryland so there is that signal. But it is a Public Institution so it must be good. Asu, it must be good. If you come from in institution that does a good job but is not a public brand, the signal is not there. If you look at who once the country, look at who is on the supreme court. Look at who is elected, except for our president right now, we wont go into that, though he is the smartest guy that has ever been elected. As people then leave and that creates even more of our ostracized class system. Are things on the mentally different in 2017 . I think unequivocally. We have found ways to create intelligent tutor devices that will allow an individual to tirelessly be assisted in their own individual learning process in addition to their teacher, not in lieu of their teacher. There is a constant juxtaposition of, somehow this will be disruptive to the core way human beings learn, which is eyeball to eyeball with each other, with their friends, and solving problems and either alone or with others. We do not need to know what we need to know in 2000 or 1950 or 1900 and the rate of acceleration or change and bring capacity is very substantial and it has got to find ways in which learning can be enhanced for every human accelerated, brought it, deepened, and personalized, and made as human contact as possible. With all these other things there to assist you. Enhancing that process and getting to the point we can say there is maybe a chance the full learning capacity of the human brain might be able to be visible to us and might be able to be operationalized across everyone as opposed to, those learners are slow learners or those people, they cant have access to this. They have operated in a way they classifyverything, everything. It is time to dynamite those things out of existence. You mentioned employers and what they are looking for and what makes one bible versus another. This next generation of students coming into the college system, in terms of generation z. 70 of them are not want to work for you at all. They want to do their own thing. Because of technology, did laptops and have server space, they can run anything. This idea of employers controlling who gets to say what skills are needed is going away. Im excited about that. All the Digital Natives are coming to the schools now and have high expectations. Is that really true, though . Are all these students that digitally savvy . This is the first generation that does not know what the world look like before google and it didnt google. They did not know what the world look like before technology was in it. Still look we are trying to get the name of the species alter. Everyone born before 2000 is a homo sapiens. Everyone born after is a homo sapiens dot net. Are pockets with access to everything. We have no idea where this is going. You could if you had been a self disciplined person. You could educate yourself at the moment. Educateould, you could yourself with a lot of things earlier. For some reason, we didnt. Some people did. With still develop schools and colleges and systems. Frederick douglass educated himself in an unbelievable way. He taught himself to read and he is a far better writer and speaker than anyone i have ever met. If he had access to a broader selftaught learning environment, who knows what that make a genius what have been able to do . I was born and raised in memphis. Statednt go to Memphis University until 1972. We do not have that opportunity to learn in that environment. Technology, i of can do my own thing, google it, research it. Wecant forget the fact that need to have a connection as human beings. That is why the visual and performing arts, we are going to be in high demand because when the robots take over and the Machine Learning gets going, what are we supposed to do . We have to remember there is a balance that has to happen here, as. There has to be a balance is what im saying. Whether the about economy and the Digital Technologies would create a different kind of test system. People would be connected in different ways. I wish we were talking about two different things. I think there are advances in technology and learning science. We know how people learn now and higher edbetter does better. I do think we will be able to hit a point soon where more people will be able to learn in far better ways than ever before. It is justink Digital Education that will bend the class system. Upendand the clasps cl ias can connect with anyone on the internets sy. Stem. The power of small is now quite big. We can form networks. There are ways that power can shift pretty quickly. That i believe is what will dismantle the class system. And how some of you have been reading about this new look that came out where he talks about the american class system. He thinks the american class system is more solid than the British Class system. You mean more rigid . More rigid, sorry. We dont like to talk about it in the United States. They have a queen in england or something . [laughter] it would be hard to have a class system less rigid when there is one hereditary leader. Look at what is going on. [laughter] edit that out, please. He does talk about the top 20 as being the dream winners. Right now, this all sounds great. Hoarder. This guy must be angry at things. When you look at society today, he says Silicon Valley has this Notion Technology is open and anybody can walk in and you dont have to go to college anymore. You can play on the internet. Its not exactly how it works. Being a billionaire is hard not that i would know. [laughter] you work for some. I have a couple friends. It is not just about being around technology. All of us were born around where there were 18 with her tracks. That does not mean we can all drive and 18 with her truck. Truck. Heeler when i needed information or needed to write stuff, i had to go to the Columbus Library that was closed on the weekends, closed at 5 00. When i looked for a book, it wasnt there. The limited Resources Available helps predetermine what information i had access to. That is no longer too. No longer true. That can happen anywhere in the world now. Anywhere with a good internet connectivity. Four kids can build anything they want. There is power in that. Michael, you and i have known each other a long time. You were talking about the future of Higher Education and you were worried about the future where rich kids get taught by professors and poor kids get taught by computers. Im still worried about that. We are talking about the enhancement of the teacher and professor. What i was concerned about their work, some investors out there investing in forprofit companies and other entities with a thought there was no need for the knowledge creator, the professor. There is no need for the master teacher. There is always a need for the master teacher. The machines around them are the enhancement. What was going at the time, it seemed people said, rich kids and ultrasmart kids can talk to humans and everyone else can talk to machines. There is nothing we are doing that involves that master teachers are our core faculty. If we talk about the skills kids really need, everyone would agree collaboration, problemsolving, legal thinking, a teacher has to look at a classroom and say, what team can i put together . Whose strengths are what and how can i help them build off each other . Like having a great manager in room as opposed to being a knowledge space. The role of the teacher becomes more important in this space. I agree with that. When you and i were chatting, you also mentioned the notion i have been thinking about a lot. We hear about how Digital Education is changing. What about the students who do not want to go to to a fouryear degree . Talking the president about apprenticeship in the country. There is discussion about more people going for certificates partrograms that are not of a fouryear program. We have not seen much innovation and Digital Education in those areas, heavily . Have we . We dont have an apprenticeship program, which isnt digital necessarily. Thinking of applying the Digital Technologies to that sector. We got carried away with the whole fouryear degree. Like Everyone Needs a fouryear degree. Bettereeds to be opportunities for jobs in that bluecollar, workingclass kind of group, which i came from a workingclass record. It is hard to be in a workingclass and truly middleclass anymore. That is an area we have to Pay Attention to. Something i do at my institution, the move toward apprenticeships is a good way to go. There is Huge Movement in the space for middle skilled jobs. The plumber and quite fit her unions are sophisticated, using technology, the internet, ways to drive things forward. There are all kinds of skillbased professions that are becoming more sophisticated. What we are realizing is, human beings have more potential than we give them credit for. They cannot things faster and broader and take on things. What we are seeing from middle skilled jobs to try skilled jobs, military trading, what we have gotten is too much of a social hierarchy assigned to this. If you were admitted to an elite , admit all must no one fouryear college, you are somehow better than everyone else. Im sorry to say, you are simply not. Everyone is finding their way, finding their niche, and they are getting themselves educated along the way to do that. One thing i important that we worked on in my district was, it doesnt come down to who goes to college and who doesnt. They all should be prepared to go. You make the decision when the time comes. You should be prepared to go into a career with a passion and purpose you really want to do in your life as opposed to fitting kids in square boxes and square holes and putting them into this industry and that industry. You can do the plethora of things in your life. You can be a plumber, or musician or a doctor or lawyer. District itr changed in our district. Some of my kids were not even natural born citizens here. We didnt care about that. We cared about the fact they are here and they are a product of society. Now they need to be prepared for citizenship. Access andhould have they should have the ability to have choice when they graduate from high school. Thats what education should start focusing on instead of putting kids in boxes. Are loosing focus in using Digital Technology . In my district, we are. Training just not at that level. Lets start with the fact that at google, you do not need a college degree. How many people at google do not have College Degrees . The guy who runs the infrastructure does not. Some have not graduated high school. That is a supply and demand thing. It is not a requirement of it it is not something you have to have. Time, i think the technologies that are coming have an interesting angle on the Technical Skills like the art, ar. What we can do with training around these things. Surgery, i want the doctor to have access to the latest and greatest information at their tips right there. That is true for lots of industries. Mechanics, electricians. Hemi people in this room have looked at the our stuff vr stuff . Ive watched demos on it. Watching we were launching a Digital High School in august. It is prepped for life, prep for career, prep for college. For nt say prep that means designing it in a way that works for all things. There is certainly nobody who wants people to be less skilled, less capable, less adapted. This is moving in all sectors, not just college. In the sense that those jobs are very technical now. If you are in an apprenticeship , they area journeyman highly technical. The training has to be highly technical. Parents, is, how many im not going to ask for a vote, how many parents really say, if you want to be a plumber, thats great. We will support you. There is a sense of status. Many committees, there is not necessarily that sense of status. Population of the once their children to be maximally educated. It is a very high number. They want their children to have a life outcome as good or better as theirs. Mean as far as lifespan, healthy life outcome, education is a part of all of those things. The other thing about this generation preparing to go to college. They know 70 of americans are disengaged with their work. They dont want that. We grew up with, if you get your education and work hard, you can advance in a company. They watch that promise he broken. And what to do Something Different. They want to be engaged with their life. They won purpose. They dont necessarily want to work for companies where they can advance from director to vp to whatever. That has gone away. How does the work force reshape itself . I want to get back to the issue of cost. The vr stuff is cool and it not cheap to create. A lot of this stuff has cost associated with it. Time and attention cost. Prepared tocountry spend the money on this technology . And ill be going to use that to replace things we should also be doing like regular investments in education . No. I will tell you why. When you look at the cost of devices, we had almost zero devices. The district they give us our broadband was. 3 of one gigabyte. So we go and say all these his should have devices, nobody is going to give it to us, but you can give it to your own community if you ban together, you can give everyone a device. This leads to tax and sales. Can provide the access to the access to these students so they can learn in the 21st century. We learned some people dont have access, in trailer parks or areas that are too rural. They say, i never thought of that. You have to do whatever it takes to get these kids connected. You have to fly around the neighborhood if you have to. Get them connected. If not, they are going to be at the dispatch in the real world. Now i have people saying, you have aviation academy, a corporate jet. Is kids cannot how to apply and be a part of this industry. A Construction Unit who wants to come in and train kids at some of those jobs. You open this community to possibility because the Technology Comes together to provide it and change the community. President obama heard about it and talked about it at the white house. As possible its possible to make this transition. Was there any debate in your Community Whether that was the best place to put those resources . You got to do this. If you dont, you are already at a disadvantage. Kids graduated. It was that much of a challenge for the community. But when we said, they can do better, never like, lets go for it or it was decision later on with those who lost power in the community because the parents took over the School District. Some people didnt like that. That majority of the parents, they would never go back because they see the power they have together. Having some of you read the article in the New York Times in top about googles role education. It talked about concerns about the emphasis on technology and devices becoming a distraction for districts and schools and many colleges, as well. It takes away from fundamental discussions about broader investments in Higher Education. People say we will invest in technology and that will fix things that we dont want to make the other investments. It seems like over simple fight thinking in both arguments. The notion that technology does not reduce cost, pose a single example where that is the case, i cannot think of one. There are some examples and health care, but not when you measure it against outcomes. The way you calculate savings, right . Also relative to the impact of technology. What people are reacting to is that it is different. We have three times the number of graduates, eight times the number of learners then we had when we started this process and our faculty is the same size. Technology is one of the main ingredients we have been able to put on the table. It has increased our ability to do things a different way. Uss it look like a path for to greatly be able to enhance educational outcomes . Yes. You think the quality has not suffered . Im certain of it. Measured our quality against other colleges similar. At theirur graduates quality of against anyone. Anywhere. The other argument against that is the idea that choosing one thing over another as opposed to investing in both. We will give you very little money, but dont spend it on technology, as opposed to, we should be giving the resources that schools need. But we live in the real world. We live in the real world. You dont want to give kids a portal to all the information. The tools available are going to create a Digital Divide because it will not stop the parents of kids who have money for not giving them devices or technology tools. The problem is, you have kids from districts going to college because they did not have technology and they dont know how to use technology or take advantage of it. They dont know how to search or research. Then they drop out a semester later and we wonder why. Its almost like a no choice situation because parents that have resources and money are investing in their kids education. Ago i was at a native American Community in arizona and they had a School Funded by the United States government by taxpayers under the Indian Education school program. The library in this school was in complete disarray. Folks were laying on the floor, no shelves, essentially no library. I was about as matt as i had been in a four or five year time frame. Mad as i had been in a four or five year time frame. Here is a library. Everything you ever imagined you wanted to read. There has never been a technology that could empower that outcome in the history of humanity. Your library, everything you ever wanted to be able to read is there for you. We had some resistance from some teachers. Fine, kids are going to have it and leave you behind. You know what they did . The teachers came forward and began to learn and became true educators of technology. The cynical part of me wonders about people who are against the Technology Use in schools with the idea of, how do you control people . You control information. All of a sudden, you are limiting the amount of information kids have access to. It is striking and i worry about those things. Doingr question was about Virtual Reality and augmented desk we talk about general technology and there is an agreement kids have to have access. I think institutions have to ask themselves some hard questions and a lot of institutions will just chasing new Technology Every instead of asking technology. Instead of asking what is the newer model . You dont have to go straight to Virtual Reality. I know it sounds sexy. A holodeck. Ants o Technology Failures always talk about context. We have all of people here and some may have questions. I dont know how we are handling questions here. Up . Eople stand five more minutes. Oh, five more minutes and then we can talk. Living teachers behind and professors behind and limitations. That seems to be one of the places a lot of this breaks down. You have good ideas but its get people comfortable with it. Its not because they are enemies of it our approach is that we dont make anybody do anything. If you want to come up with you people to help you. If you dont want to, if you want to teach them traditionally, the my guest. There are certain courses that can only become that can only be taught in traditional ways. There is only one way to focus on them. We dont force anyone to do anything. There are some selections. But it takes resources and expertise. We provide that. You are right. Put it onhnology and our current model of education, we are making more education faster and more efficient and that is not good. We need to bring education to the next level. It is not just the technology, it is other things. I was part of the team at google that built the site of framework that is not technology that transforms school, it is leadership and culture and development and technology and immunity engagement and so on. Learning models. It is all these things that have to happen at the same time. You did it well. Its about, look at all these things and implement them for real transformation, not just plugging technology in and hoping things will change. If you are trying to change a k12 education system, it is like trying to move an aircraft carrier. It takes time. If you get everyone in listed, thats what it is all about. That was the division, that was the drink. How can you say no to that . How can you give some kids this and some kids that . Once you have that and the training, you train the teachers until they dont want any more training, you will be successful. What we did even better than that was, and im not saying intolerant twoparent intolerant to parents or but they realized this is my School District and i do have a say. You see this groundswell of support for transformation that could not be stopped. It could not be stopped and thats what we need to see more and more in education as a whole. We really start to minimize that gap between the rich and the poor, which is the big challenge of the future. If that is not looked at, whether Digital Learning or magic, we will have issues and that is why we are thankful to be here to talk about the digital side of it. Its really the american side of it. We have to minimize the disparity between the rich and the poor. That has only gotten worse in the last 1015 years as technology advanced. What will be the point that makes technology become a vehicle for reversing that an reversing the trend . Itthe assumption is that should have happened 1015 years 1995, 1 in reality, in of the world was online. It was not that long ago. We are at the beginning of what is possible. The first years per billion people to get online and 20 years later, only 42 of the world is online. We are at the beginning of this. Can we close the gap . Yes. Technology is finally at the point where it is useful. Some were more early adopters than others but we are getting closer to where these tools are useful. What does good learning look like . We dont have to invent anything new. Look at the Good Research that tells us what learning should look like and ask ourselves, how can we use technology to bring these things to life . If we have both conversations, we can go far. Will be have is uneven distribution of tools that enhance outcomes. This spread in outcome differentials is a function of that unevenness. We can see and understand it, we can hopefully reach this point of empowerment and defeating forms of prejudice in society that created this dynamic history that is not the direction we want to go and, we can find a way to get down to the level of empowerment of every single individual. Not classes of individuals, not groups of individuals, not individuals that look like this or that. Every single individual. We are on the precipice of doing that. I sit here and wonder, does the momentum take us help us reverse direction or reinforce some of the device have been dealing with like class and race . We are at the early stages of a competent process. Complicated process. We have never lived in an area where everyone is equal. Macrocosm ins a this nation that will take all of us, parents, students, and forcing our governments and givingegislators to stop us money for textbooks that are for tools that are truly useful to preparing kids for the future. Money as welot of are stuck in the traditional way textbook dollars in california. I was kicking and screaming. They had to force me to sign that thing. That is 5 million for a book to left 10 years. How often does information change . Six months . 12 months . You are going to give me a static textbook . All of us need to get involved in it and not just say, my district is doing well, im good. His. Re all affected by the we have moved away from publisher textbooks, all educational resources. All 85,000 . All 85,000. We dids interesting is, it because it was the right thing for our students. The students at college park got wind of this and front page of the paper, how come they can do this that you cant do it for us . There was a whole moved over there for faculty to adopt early arts. You are seeing students rising up because the cost of textbooks is ridiculous. And they are out of date. When you have to lease your textbook, what does that say . That is a great point to lead us to the next part of our program. We have time to take questions from all of you. Raise your hand and we will come to you. Please say your first and last name for asking your question and we would greatly appreciate it as the session will be recorded and be published on our website. Broadcasted by cspan at a later date. First question up front. I feel like there is an undertone or ascension simpson in this conversation that these inequities and what causes these inequities are passive things, things like racism and sexism and so on and when we provide these tools to people, it would do good things for them. Which we know is not true. That, what role do you see the intersection of technology and education play in this need to actually mediate good things . Pacific life, in effect like in specific life, in effect . It is basically that education is the means by which those ideas is on ignorant can ultimately be defeated. It is not a simple process. Education is a process. We are talking about the enhancement of the education process with these tools. If you are not ignorant, you have a better chance of not being a racist because racists are ignorant. Another good example, suppose i live in rural appalachia. I dont know there is a new health care bill. Suppose i have access and tools and i can read about it and i understand there is an opportunity to have a debate. I will be much more informed and have a better decisionmaking process when it comes time to vote. That is how technology and education is going to play a role in helping us change. It truly has to start there. That is an ideal world, though. Just because people have access to information, it doesnt mean they have access to the right information. But at least they have something. But they might be getting there is fake news out there. There is this information out there, as well. For one, there has always been fake news. Two its worse because, you can spread fake news a lot easier to people and it is harder to stop because he couldnt stop it. This option is that we need to kids how to use these things. 80 of Elementary Schools cannot tell you the difference between a sponsored site and a real news site. We do need to do education on teaching kids how to use these tools and how to research. And adults. And lets not assume that just because they are there, they are used for good. We have to take advantage the tools available to us. Next question is on your left. My name is stephen and i taught in the classroom a few years in east l. A. We had a whole blended learning model where every one of our students had one on one axis to tablets or crumble. Thank you google. Our students had access to articles at their reading level and they were exposed to information that benefited them tremendously. We dived into racial inequities in the tech industry, 80 of white and brown graduates have Computer Science degree and 5 make up the tech industry. When less than 1 of executives and managers in Silicon Valley are black, that is an issue. Im a leprechaun. And thats an issue. My question is, how do we ensure beyond the classroom . Beyond this access to technology to the students . The fact that they get the degree is not enough. Apples google, what is doing to ensure students of color have equitable access to the breaking down of multidirectional multigenerational poverty . Its important. Im a lonely person. I want more people to like me. There is a couple answers for that. One is awareness. I speak at a lot of events. One thing i always bring up his effects. For example, Computer Science graduates make for a percent more than a regular college graduate. In california, 60,000 Computer Sciences available and only 4000 people in california have graduated with Computer Science degrees and only 50 were female and only 9 were black or latino. We need to build a system that supports that in phoenix, i was a part of a team that solved the problem by building schools. Computer science is embedded in all the subjects. For four years. Is, what canabout happen at the end of four years if Computer Sciences is embedded into their curriculum . We will have a 3 college emissions rate because they will be valuable when they graduate. Google has done a lot of work in this space. We have great programs where we sponsored black girls code. There is a lot of things you can do, that at the system level, 50 of the schools offer ap Computer Science. That is insane. We need to recognize Computer Science is embedded into everything the future holds at the future level. I told my kids work, create your own apple. Them and theytold believed me. They started coding and building robots because they have access. They create the opportunity. Are findingow, they their own way. They are determining their own destiny. I understand what you are saying, but again, that community took matters into their own hands and those kids theyoing to be the ones, may be the ones that cure cancer or create another apple or and that whatever opportunity will see starting to spread amongst everyone. You could just build a full or feature that google or apple needs. The entrepreneur. Next question. My name is julian and i am a freshman at asu. Or some more now. [applause] my question is, as tuition rates to do to rise year after year, the recently released trump budget shows the grants program will become by 3. 9 billion and i received a pell grant every semester to attend. If i didnt, i would not be able to attend. As a Political Science major, i have this idea to maybe earmark tax revenue to go to funding the Pell Grant Program more rather than cutting it. What can be done at the federal state and collegiate levels in order to make College Education more affordable . Are you an instate or outofstate . Outofstate and im receiving funds from asu. Is,hat we have tried to do certainly for a kid from arizona, we are doing what we can to make sure there are no financial barriers whatsoever. Our net tuition costs, students payment at asu for a year of attendance, is 1800 after grants. We are excited about that. If you come from certain income levels, you earn a meritbased scholarship. All of us need to find ways to lower our costs. We are working to lower our costs to maintain access. We try to keep our outofstate tuition average. I will Say Something on the pell grant. Sure what the document is. It is one of the most farcical federal budget proposals i have had the opportunity to read. Farce after farce after farce. Politics is different than the budget proposal. Congress in its last action on the pell grant increased pell grant to the individual, expanded when the pell grant can be used, and expanded who would be eligible. I dont see the congress of the United States so cynical that they dont continue to want to invest in people like you, the next generation. There is a number of us out there fighting for that. We all need to find a way to maintain access and make sure there are no financial barriers to access and we work hard to do that. Fore need help advocating money that is given back to states to you can have these great public University Systems. That is being cut left and right. We try to keep our instate tuition, we are the Second Lowest in the entire state or Public Schools. And we give our Community College partners large scholarships, but they are essentially discounts. We are trying to do everything we can but we have to start reinvesting and public education. We need you all to help. So, get elected. We need good people in office. [applause] and honestly, one of the sources that people are using is revenue that they are making in Education Programs. A lot of universities are using their distance education problems programs not to cut costs of attendance but to generate revenue. Charging the tuition based on market and not on cost. The cost basis is low for the continuing Education Program or the online program, that is not an illegitimate way to generate revenue. To findrganization has programs that are more expensive to offer than offer the less expensive ones. It is very expensive for us to produce our Nursing Program but we do not charge those students at the market level. But just to be more concerned about it, this is a base where Technology Utilization is helping universities achieve standing by your using them to help you institution yourself, not lower the tuition for the students . Revenuew a 17 of our off the top for a number of our programs taken from Financial Aid for other students who cannot afford it. Wehave ways in which generate revenue internally, to be able to affect the cost basis so that we can live up to our responsibilities to make sure that certain students are not left out for financial reasons. How many to say this, of you utilize some type of assistance, student loans, raise your hand . So i have four kids, two of my daughters have finished degree, at 250,000. Cents, alsoer two probably going to be another 250,000. Where i live, it is another to mansions with that money. Why dont we start thinking about doing this together again, if we stratify if we go along with a budget that they put out there, the farcical one [laughter] i didnt want to go there, but it is draconian. We cannot allow that, Everybody Needs to make phone calls, the same thing as a health bill the fact is that what youre saying is that were trying to help students like him. He should not come out of debt, and a lot of skids are dying still owing money and their parents now owe money. We could do better, that is all i am saying. Next question . Hello, i am jack, and i am chairman of the futures council, a group of thought leaders really related to health care focus. What i really wanted to address in the relationship to Technology Application is that we are constantly battling the whole issue between Health Care Expenditures and expenditures for Health Care Education expenditures for education. I was fortunate to be watching nbc in them working with the secretary of the v. A. He is essentially a littleknown it is a little known fact that the v. A. Had the largest Telemedicine Program in the world, 2. 5 million visits occur through the program. And there is a Company Based in scottsdale arizona who works with that. Focus ofonship to the the cost expenditures that could be reduced using these technologies, there are prohibited by variety of different political, social and administrative work processes and agendas in a way that it is a most impossible to use technology efficiently to reduce significant costs that could be reinvested in education or the health care area. What are your thoughts on bringing more efficiencies with technology to some of these areas . Is it cultural or political . It is political this raises my Blood Pressure [laughter] this is political but we let it happen. If we go to the ballot boxes and vote for people who support these limitations, we are letting it happen. People have to get more involved, because if you have the technology that lowers cost, it will help everybody i call it the profit over people syndrome. We have to get away from that. Upple have to stand and participate, we cannot let what happened last year, those people who do not support people who care about people not dying, or people without health care. The doctor who has never made me chairman of any Community Chairman of any committee by the way, [laughter] talk a little bit about this. The universities have that responsibility to transform themselves and figure out how to use digital tools, not just to provide learning for students but also to run businesses . Every industry or organization is trying to find ways to digitally transform themselves and universities are no different. There are opportunities of great costs best cutting them in terms of how you run them. There are universities that are running up to five data centers, when they do not need to do that. If universities look at themselves and figure out how to digitally transform themselves, they can actually run more efficiently. Not that they are not trying, but we could do better. That was not just a commercial for the cloud, wasnt it . [laughter] i spent seven years at accenture working in strategy and consulting and in 20 years, we have been talking about how organizations have been transforming themselves. It is also a human cost, and i live this every day. We try to be more efficient using technology, we are in the cloud now, so he got rid of our data center. But there is a cost, human beings that are laid off or weve try to find other jobs but often there are none. So, some of the cultural piece of it is there, and we have to take it seriously. It is hard when you displaced people. What is coming is that there will be more and more of this displacement and we have to help people realize it. Earlier, part of our conversation, we were talking about how we have to realize that it is a long life, you will probably have nine different kind of careers. So you should keep going back and reinventing yourself, there are many different careers out there for people. I think the only thing i would add, is a story a few years ago by the editor of a magazine called nature magazine, one of the top science magazines in the country. He said he needed an article describing what you think about the university adding a new research institute. I wrote the article and a said no, they should not. What they should do, is have three and 50s, why should be focused on Human History and understanding the body, biology, and, everything about the cell and cancer. Whatever it costs to understand about how we work. Not 28 institutes, with lots of programs in them. The second institutes should be designed on outcomes, how do you even out the outcomes of the highest possible level for everyone in our society and figure out how to do that . Designs,uctures, new new organizations, economic models and so forth. The Third Institute is about lowering the cost of health care perh is now 9,000 or more person per year in this country for a large segment of our population. A lot of that, as you know was not well received. [laughter] and got published in the magazine and the boston globe called and said they wanted to run it in the sunday edition as the main article. One guy said that i was an illegitimate checked illegitimate child of mccain. What they meant by that, [laughter] what they meant by that was that surely a had been mentally corrupted by some kind of conservative logic, and now all i was doing was spewing vile that would then somehow take money away from science. That is literally what the article said. There was no interest in lowering costs, maximization of outcomes across the border elements of society, so the answer to your question is, it is culture. That is all the time we have for the program. [applause] before we end tonight, on behalf of all of us, i would like to thank asu for making the event possible, our partners at the japaneseamerican museum for allowing us into their beautiful space, we thank you all for coming tonight. Course, that have a big round of applause for our great panelists tonight [applause] [applause] announcer cspans washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. Coming up saturday morning, taxpayers for common senses stephen ounce talked about the federally funded Disaster Relief program. And, we have an examination of the Hurricane Impact on the Petroleum Industry and portland gas prices. Also, the founder and ceo of a Nonprofit Group girls who code describes closing the gender the gender gap in coding. Join the discussion, on saturday morning at 7 a. M. Eastern. When you think about a one day festival, the National Book festival, and you have over 100 authors, from childrens authors, illustrators, graphic novelist, all of these different authors, over 100,000 people coming in and celebrating books and reading. You cannot have a better time, i think. I am a little prejudiced because i am a librarian, but i have to tell you that any reader or anybody wants to get inspired, the book festival is the Perfect Place look to these live allday coverage begins saturday at 10 a. M. With featured authors including David Mccullough and thomas friedman, former secretary of state condoleezza rice, and bestselling authors Michael Lewis and jd van. The National Book festival, starting at 10 a. M. Eastern on the spans cspan2s book tv. Announcer President Trump met with the leaders of the red cross, Salvation Army and the Southern Baptist convention at the white house to discuss ongoing recovery and relief efforts at the texas gulf coast following the hurricane. The president and the first lady will visit on saturday in texas to be a relief efforts there. This is almost 15 minutes. Thank you very much. The first lady and i are pleased to welcome kill mcgovern of the american red cross, divot hudson of the Salvation Army and kevin easel of the Southern BaptistDisaster Relief fund. These people have been absolutely incredible when what they have done and would like to thank them and their staff for their incredible work that they are doing, and helping people affected by the hurricane harvey. It sounds a good very innocent name but it is not an innocent hurricane, that i can tell you. It is at epic proportions. These organizations and many other nonprofits involved represent t