Matters. We send out to obtain those records. There was a lot of stonewalling. We obtained many records, but it was incomplete. We went on to the supreme court. We continued to look for those records on the Cheney Energy task force. It is a great example of how we fight for records, and we try to do our part to make them public. Host we welcome our listeners, listening coast to coast. We are also caps on xm every morning. We have chris fail for judicial pharrell fors judicial watch. This thing with hillary is a made up thing. Was goingknew hillary to run and be the front for the democrats. When she was going to that thing, in congress, they posted a video of her saying, what does it matter. It was a video from a fox news station. I knew then and unfair they were going to hang hillary, no matter what. They were going to take into her past. They were going to dig, dig, dig and make her talk, talk, talk and make her sound 30. Sound dirty. The outsidetries on are looking at this country and saying how stupid our congress is. Thank you, i am sorry. Host thank you, grace. Her she is valid for she is allowed to have her opinion. Tom is up next. They were charged with destroying evidence and it was a big thing. Hillary clinton was asked to turn over her server. Over, butally turned it was wiped clean. She destroyed evidence. I think that is what the fbi is investigating, the status of that server. They are forensically looking at it. These are all open questions. Two orhat are your top three questions personally . Many requestsd concerning everything relating to any number of topics during the term she was the secretary of state. The subject matter of our four year requests, regard for what went on with the server. Host typically, how long does it take to receive the information . Isst the government supposed to answer within 20 days. There is an appeal process that can be exhausted in order to have the claim in court to be right. You have to exhaust all of your administrative uses. Then, you can go to court and say, we tried the best we can. Then in court, you are asking a why aredistrict court you not producing these records . That is sort of the pattern of what we see. I mentioned earlier, we made requests. Rest 3400 of all of these, our experience has been, unfortunately, that we very often have to file a lawsuit in order to get the attention of the government and compel them to actually answer and start producing the records. It is unfortunate, but it is a fact. Host a few more minutes. Harry is next. He is joining us on the independent line. Caller i have a few comments. The words are very prejudicial. I amthe word outlaw looking at my list here. Is proven to doing anything wrong. The private server, everyone knew where those emails came from. The state department knew. Im trying to read out of my hand here. They are innocent until proven guilty. There is no guilt proven against her. Host thank you for your call, harry. It has been established as outside of the law. She conducted her official business on a server outside of the official state Department Communications systems, outside the law. It is outside the law and the regulation of policy. Law of the land. If you are doing Something Like that, it is unlawful. I use the word grave because that is the language and wording in United States law with respect to the classification of material. If you reallys topsecret information, or inappropriately handled, or jeopardized, the cause grave it will damage. I agree with the color. You are innocent until proven guilty. Hillary clinton has admitted that she set up the server and ran it offline outside the state department. No one contested that the server exists. Some of her screams were deleted. Others were produced. Wereome of her screens deleted and others were produced. These are facts. The issue now is, regarding the security. I investigated these things and in my opinion, it is a reckless act. It is a dangerous situation. Their are older abilities outside intelligence agencies that would love that information. Host i would like to go to your earlier point. Wendy think this will reach culmination question point when will this reach culmination . Are going to attempt to reconstruct what was supposedly destroyed. They have interviews to conduct. This will take weeks, if not months. Farrell was aher researcher. Thank you for being with us. On the next Washington State legislatures have a role in the process of amending the constitution. We look at how themes like economic populism are playing out in the president ial race. And, we have at the local the look of the impact the big game has. Err joins us. We can also get your reaction on face took on facebook and twitter. Julian bond, a leading figure in the Civil Rights Movement in a chair on the and sub naacp died last night. He has a long career in politics and with a cofounder of the southern poverty law center. In a 2011 interview, he was esked about the state of rac in the United States. You have been involved in the Civil Rights Movement for your entire life. What is it like to have a black man elected to the president of the United States. Together, with a joke upstairs. A black man gets the worst job in the United States. [laughter] have means the work we been doing for all these years has paid off. It does not mean the work is over. There is more to be done. Nobody could believe that barack obama could not be the president of the United States, had it not been for the naacp. The work done by these people and these groups over the years. It was like vindication that all of this labor has been worthwhile. Were happy to do it and see the results. In spoke at a convention 1999, the Centennial Convention . Is that right . 2009. My wife is here in the front row. She has many wonderful purposes. [laughter] one of them is correcting me. Im glad she did that because i could not have gotten it right either. He spoke at the convention in 2009. We were so happy to see him. He spoke to us as senator obama. He spoke to us as candidate obama, running for the presidency. To have them come to us as president was a great victory for all of us. When he was first running, and even after he was nominated, there were civil rights veterans , who seemed to be resentful. Noticularly because he had lived the black experience. Jesse jackson was the most it, inntly unhappy about that respect. Is that important . It is important to note. It is important to note that reverend jackson became a strong supporter. For himbe campaigning again when he announces his formal campaign for reelection. Many of those people who felt that way, i felt that he made a wonderful president. We have this great state senator and he will be president someday. He is a u. S. Senator now, he will be president one day. I said, oh sure. Then, he won in iowa. And for me, that was it. If you can win in the whitest of states, he can become president of the United States. I became a convert them. I did not not support them because i didnt like him, but i did not think it was possible. He proved to me that he could win and i was happy to support him then. Africanamericans in the United States are still disproportionately suffering. You have worked so hard to correct this, and in many ways, you have succeeded. Fort harder now to argue affirmative action, to our gear argue for to issues of that time . It is a little bit harder. Having elected lack and. All of these problems have insult. The remedies that solve these problems are no longer needed. The fact that a black man is in does not meane there is a wonderful place where everything where everything is happy. Many people do believe. Obama issued a Statement Today saying in part, michelle and i have benefited from his example, his counsel, and his friendship. We offer our prayers and sympathies to his wife, pamela and his children. Julian bond helped change this country for the better. What better way to reremembered than that to be remembered than that. With the senate in his august feature programs on cspan2, starting at 8 00 a. M. Eastern. We are lifegust 22, from jackson, mississippi for the inaugural mississippi book festival beginning at 11 30 eastern. He discussion involves harper lee, civil rights, and the civil rights ordinance. Followed on sunday with the live indepth program with former second lady and a senior fellow at the American Enterprise institute, lynne cheney. On cspan2, television for serious readers. Obama Administration Officials discuss the Iran Nuclear Agreement and the nationalations on the on the International Community. This is one hour and 15 minutes. We have a somewhat unusual ,ormat this afternoon because in a city where this issue has been filled with debate, what we are attempting to do is bring you three of the experts who helped draft and negotiate the agreements. He will give you the opportunity to ask the most challenging questions you can. Let me emphasize the word question. If you look around, you will see that this is probably one of the worst formats to make a long speech in lieu of the question imaginable. I used to tell my students when i was teaching that if you could not ask a question well in three sentences, you not only should not get a degree, you probably should not get a job. [laughter] beyond that, i do not want to put any limit at all. The issue here is, you have three leading experts colin kahl, who has a very wide background in the middle east, within the background of teaching. Wolfstal, who is here. Role inlayed a key control and the National Security council. You have Chris Backemeyer who has the enviable job of being the coordinator for the sanctions committee. Bym going to basically start asking a few questions and give you the opportunity to formulate the questions you would like to ask. I know a few of you and i do not bite any means by any means know all of you. I will call on you by roe and position. Do, i would appreciate it if you could give me your name and affiliation. Then, just move on to the question. Let me begin. Amid begin by asking you two questions about the way this debate has unfolded. The problems it has not addressed. It has focused on the idea that you can bind the future. , 15, or many years in advance. Rather than start and arms control process. You have to renegotiate and adapt with time. What is the capability to do that . The most damaging aspects of this debate is the focus on how quickly you can get one crude gun device that you have material, in terms of rather than how it will affect irans ability to develop a nuclear force. And i willn there start looking around for those with questions. Colin thanks to all of you for coming on a lovely day. Much, and thank you all for having us here. To talk about this important issue. Let me put one up biographical clarification. I was not one of the poor souls, like chris, lived in vienna for weeks and months at a time, and other places, negotiating the deal on the front lines. Had theike john and i harder task of negotiating the deal back here in washington. I just wanted to make that clear. Kerry, andsecretary Wendy Sherman and others, and people like chris, deserve all of the credit for the very strong agreement. Asking whether this is the final, whether this is the period at the end of the sentence, as it relates to this issue, the final longterm answer to all the controversies with iran, it is not. The agreement itself is in place a series of very important longstanding commitments for iran that we believe will give the International Community confidence. Put significant constraints on them for the next 1015 years and puts permanent restraints on the heavy water reactor. It puts permanent obligations on iran as it relates to Intrusive Inspections and generational obligations. Theirncludes plutonium and uranium resources. It is true that there are inadequately inevitably going to be issues and parts of the deal. Even a document that is more than 100 pages long, and a precise, there will be disputes and disagreements. People will find ambiguities. One of the good innovations is that there is a mechanism for addressing that in the form of the joint commission. That is basically modeled after the joint commission we had with the existing interim nuclear agreement, jpoa. There is a mechanism for working through those issues for toplevel give you a very brief example. There was an existing nuclear agreement, regarding the introduction of gas and the centrifuge. Whether this was a violation or not. The text of the jpoa was unclear. But what the iaea pointed out, we raised a strong objection to that and said it was inconsistent with their obligations under the jpoa. The rest of the p5 plus one agreed with us and iran stop. That was the of something that was not completely settled in the jpoa that got put back in the box. There will undoubtedly be things like that moving forward. There will be issues outside the four corners of the deal. The reality is, this deal was never intended to solve every orblem we have with iran, every problem we have in the middle east. There will continue to be conflicts of interest, in some places, animosity. Places,ther opportunities for constructive engagement. It does not address these at all because it is a nuclear deal. Undoubtedly, we will have to address those issues and we are committed to doing so. The only thing i would say on the second question, which is the deal focuses on what you un typethe rush to one gyn device. Who have of you followed this less technically, re have been a watch of there have been a lot of problems on the notion of a breakout. The math of time it would take for iran to produce reversed of nuclear material. Bepacit capacity would the fastest route. If the Supreme Leader decided , itrrow when he woke up would take 6090 days for them to develop the first bombs wi orth of material. For the next decade or more, the breakout timeline cushion will be at least a year. Beyond the 10th year of the deal, we expect the breakout timeline to be meaningfully greater than it is today. It is here that there are other aspects of designing a weapon. This because you have nuclear fuel does not mean you have a d that canted warhea fit on top of the missile. There are a lot of other types of research and work that must go into that. Would the issues is that for the first time, it locks i ran into a series of commitments. Y consequentially, they have a 15 year ban on doing research. That is hugely important if they were ever going to design a Nuclear Warhead. It also includes use of highspeed cameras, work on certain types of trigger devices, etc. Many of which are activities iran engaged in during the past. Thisare forbidden, in deal, from doing so forever. It is true that this deal does not address specifically, the very large arsenal of Ballistic Missiles that iran has. They have the largest number of short range Ballistic Missiles of any country in the region. With this deal does address is the problem of putting a Nuclear Warhead on that missile. The missile issue itself, will continue to be something that we are going to have to work through. We have eight more years of restrictions. We have other international agreements. We have Ballistic Missile defense. Work that we are doing on our own and our partners, that is a particular issue we are committed to getting after. It is one of those that falls outside the four corners of the deal because these could be weapon, vehicles for a in fear he, they are central to their conventional deterrent. Relationshipuclear , but they are not solely a Nuclear Related activity. I do not know if chris or jon wanted to continue with that before we move on . Up so far . Scrwewed anthony i think, this man in the third row. I support the agreement. I have several concerns. I do not see that the white house, at this stage, as anything but a ad hoc strategy to support the deal. I want to do with plans for doing that between september 17 when the congress votes, but more importantly, what is the longterm strategy for the region that will support this deal. Where in the case it fails,will stop it . What structure will we produce for the longterm . Both great questions. On the day of the deal, we had a 30 paved rollout strategy. Thatve been building on document ever sense. We are doing a lot of Public Outreach. The public the president has done more on this topic than any other issue in memory. Testimony, and all of us, from the president to the Vice President , secretary of state, and all of us minions below that, are basically i spent my day every day, on the phone with members of congress. There is no question that it may appear ad hoc on the outside. I think we have a plan and it is circumstances and sentiments are adapting. We are pretty focused on this, even though it is august. In terms of the longterm strategy in the region, i think you can think of it in terms of different buckets. This deal is about the nuclear issue. Putting that issue aside, for a moment, we still have a lot of challenges in the region. Some are related to iran and its lebanon,ng needs in yemen, and elsewhere. We also have a number of other challenges in the region that includes the socalled islamic state, which we are confronting in iraq and serial with a collation of and syria with a coalition of countries. Going to of he was the leaders of the gulf countries come to camp david to have precisely this number station. I used to run the middle east office at the pentagon. The fact that we are working closely with the gulf states to build up what we call the Regional Security architecture is not new. The president did feel it was time to reenergizes some aspects of that. Of the work some that we have done with the gulf states to address some of their specific concerns as they relate to iran. The gulf states already have an extraordinary quantity of conventional armaments. There is a sense that iran is this unstoppable juggernaut in the region. With a little more money, they can take over the entire globe. It is important to keep in mind that last year iran spent 15 billion on its defense. Spent 80 alone, billion. Is eight or nine times as much as iran. Saudis have among the most sophisticated f15s, or Ballistic Missile defenses. They have other forms of conventional. More work can be done to facilities. Their they need cyber defenses, protection of infrastructure, production of maritime interdiction, training their special Operation Forces to be more expeditionary. Us isare all areas of of camp david. Then, of course, we have the relationship of israel. This is tense at times both up there is no question about that. There has never been an administration that has done more from a defense perspective, or an intelligence, perspective, with israel. We already do a tremendous amount with israel, in terms of tativeting their quali military. The presence of our cruisers in the Eastern Mediterranean protect israel against missiles coming from iran, or anywhere else in the region. Have to taketo that to the next level. This is a complicated time to have that conversation because, as the president has made clear, and other folks have made clear, he is not ad that fan of this deal. You try to make the case, i know you are not a fan of the deal, but we are ready to roll up our sleeves and deal with these other issues and get to work with you, compartment teeing off the political compartmen politicalhe portions related to the deal. They are working against us on under a and they are mixed political message. We are constrained by that, but i hope as we get beyond the congressional review. That those constraints will fall to the wayside. Anthony the gentleman in the third row. Questions for the price of one. From now on, we only get one question. I have a process related question to the deal. Day, get to implementation do you envision it takes more congressional action to unwind some of the statutory sanctions . Or will executive action alone, or at least could largely get us to the secondary sanctions within the deal . That is one we really tangled with as we worked out the negotiations. It is set up in a couple of phases. The first days is implementation day and occurs after iran completes all of the Major Nuclear steps. They cut the centrifuges by two thirds. Once they do all of that, we are going to take the steps to what we call suspend the sanctions. In a document called cease the application of. We are actually using the president s statutory waiver. The second to step reversed the u. S. Sannctions. Eight years down declare then we sanctions. F these where we seeoint congressional action to terminate the sanctions. It was intentionally constructed this way because we know that we cannot Tell Congress what to do with respect to this. They have their own prerogatives. We will seek that legislation and no time will do its best to seek that legislation. It is not a foregone conclusion. The eu and un are largely similar to that. The eu suspends that in the first phase. These are the economic sanctions they have in place. Different,lightly and that they terminate old resolutions, and then reestablish the most important actions that may want to keep in place for the longterm. Those are the ones that relate to missile technologies and transfer of weapons. The relate to the transfer of nuclear technologies. Colin the only thing i would who arefor those of you . N the beep, implementation day there are technical issues they will have to sort their way through. We estimate it will take them 612 month to fulfill the obligations. That means disabling the reactor, reducing their stockpile, addressing the issues on possible military dimensions, etc. We think it will take 612 months. So one implementation day will be is to be determined. Chris it is important to have this bid for bid type of strategy. It is important for iran to get everything done as fast as possible. People ask, why dont you string it out . We dont want to do anything before iran has done it steps. There is no signing bonus. When i ranly one does everything it needs when iran does everything. Anthony there is one in the back. Good to see you again. My question is, if you were to address your view on the consequences if congress were to reject the agreement, specifically looking at whether we can simply negotiate and other deal. Whether iran would be able to continue its previous level of works . R and in terms of whether the existing sanctions are likely to remain in place and enforced . Colin let me take a cut of this. I think we all have to be humbled. 100 of us can predict accurately what will happen. The only thing that is certain is uncertainty. The situation will be more uncertain, more messy, we will have less control, less leadership, and the International Community will be less united. We can be certain of all of those things. Determine different scenarios that can play out. Let me give you the two most likely. The United States rejects the deal after having agreed to it with iran and others. This becomes the final piece of evidence that hardliners in iran need to discredit. They push the leader, the Supreme Leader, to use this. Iran waswhen negotiating what was then called the nuclearwhen reaction deal fell apart. They doubled down on resistance and increase their Nuclear Program. It emboldened the hardliners. Thistheir perspective, could generate leverage. I think it is highly likely, and the politics of iran, that a congressional rejection causes iran to walk away from its commitments. If they start doing things like greek accumulating 20 like three accumulating 20 they could go from their breakout timeline of 6090 days, to a month or less. Ofa relatively short period time. Very difficult to imagine that we could hold the International Coalition together. The reason is, most of the signed up for a fixed. Of time under the understanding that there was a pot of gold under the rainbow. You will let sanctions and iran is back open for business. Whether it is banks and businesses in europe, some of those countries may stay and comply with the existing sanctions, but some of them will not. At the very least, the International Community will be less united in the sanctions regime will be weekend. I ran will be driving closer to a nuclear bomb and the International Community will be more fractured. That is a very dangerous scenario. It suggests to me that you are going to approach a decision p oint for the use of military force. World where the modernists and pragmatists in iran are discredited. Ran is not a monolithic place. The second scenario is, congress blows up the deal and iran sticks with the deal. This is also a nightmare scenario, but it is slightly different. Iran can basically say, the americans are out of compliance, that we will live up to our end , as long as the russians, the chinese, etc. Lift the sanctions. This puts our allies in a horrible dilemma. Live up to need to their obligations under the agreement, because iran is doing so, and risk getting sanctioned by the u. S. , or they keep the sanctions in place and they are in violation of the deal. , willk china and others have a complicated decision calculus. Company countries like china, it is a big economic hit for them not to do business. If they believe that iran is in compliance and we are out of things to, doing circumvent our secondary sanctions. They can set up at banks. They can do business with iran that is not connected to our sanctions system. Those customers currently control 47 of all u. S. Foreignowned treasuries. That is half of our foreignowned debt. What allows the sanctions regime to operate is not the power of , but theeconomy underlying political consensus associated with that. Most of the time we do not have the sanctions to get them to comply. The Political Leadership in these countries agrees with the objective. Once that goes away, we are in real trouble with the iran deal. That imagine you believe that is hyperbole and the sanctions regime will not collapse. I think we can all admit it will get a little bit weaker relative to what it is today. This is a big audience. Of people whoer believe it will remain exactly the same when Congress Walks away. Lets imagine it is only 10 weaker than it is today. Batman. E this, how do you get a better deal with less leverage . You cannot get a better deal and less Leverage International support. It defies the laws of gravity. The notion that congress can walk away, blow it up, keep the International Community to gather, and go back to the bargaining table with a better deal, is a fantasy. You cannot get more with less. I have the last thing to point out. Sorry. Given the sense of dysfunction and partisanship in this town, there is a question of whether we can govern. I think there is going to be real collateral damage. If an agreement that has the support, not only of the u. S. President , but pretty much every other major power in the world, majority of other countries, and congress blows it up, itll make it hard for us to do business. Anthony before i move on, i will caution potential questioners not to give the panelists an opportunity to make a speech. I do have a fairly large list of hands already. I will come back and recognize people when i get through the group i already have. There is a gentleman in the front here who had a question. Please. The mic, it was this gentleman here first, i am sorry. Thank you. I am a russian reporter in washington dc. Thank you. I want to give what you said about the importance. Spoke in new york about the difficulty in keeping the Team Together. Start walking away from the ukraine if they start to walk away from iran. What are you doing and what can you share, with regards of keeping the Team Together . It is a separate case and eight difficult case. Anthony please focus on the question. How do you see it happening . Chris, i can take the geopolitical cut. Geopolitical answer is, we dont know. As we apply sanctions and a lot of different areas, that a lot of times the way we do it does not make other countries all that pleased with us. That arecountries targeted with sanctions, but our allies. I think there is, one of the things i am worried about is th if congress blows up this deal and we try to keep the sanctions regime together gather by simply threatening everybody feed therld, it will fromty, concerns, tensions our sanctions quality in general. You actually have to do this on a regular basis. Chris i think that is exactly ia,ht, with respect to russ we have been able to demonstrate throughout the process. The we have concerns in one area, we are able to work on a coreth russia issue. Coming out of this, we had a successful outcome where he works, not only on our own sanctions, but worked to remove those sanctions that both we, and russia thomas had to agree on. Issue. A separate policy speaking, you can use these as a tool to get to a diplomatic outcome. Anthony we had a gentleman with a question in the far back. The immediatest interest. Let me pass it on to the gentleman in the second row. I am a command surgeon on the three 52nd. Nd. 352 who wants this deal . Is this for their internal use, or do we want this deal more . For it . We pushing are the iranians pushing for it more . , i thinkt to be glib the answer is, we both want the deal. We do for different reasons. , there is theal ct of a Nuclear Armed iran. With the exception of the wars in afghanistan and iran, the iran issue has been the issue the president has focused on more since day one. He has consistently said, all options are on the table to deal with this. Be allowed tor get a Nuclear Weapon. That continues to be the policy of the United States. The president has been equally clear that a diplomatic solution is better. More better because it is sustainable, or enduring, and it does not accrue the cost of another war in the middle east along with the unpredictable consequences. A militaryto imagine strike that disables 98 of their stockpile. You are not going to get 10 or 15 years. He would be lucky if you got five years out of it. In resolvingterest this issue diplomatically. I think our allies share this point of view. I think the iranian interest is different. Iny are very interested their Nuclear Program. Many billion in dollars in developing their civilian Nuclear Structure. They have put in a lot of their legitimacy, pride, and identity into this. That is why the notion of zero was always a fantasy. They have been interest in maintaining their Nuclear Program, even for symbolic purposes. They do have interest in getting their sanctions lifted. The sanctions have had a crippling effect on the iranian economy. It is 15 or 20 smaller than it would have been, had the sanctions been imposed during the last couple years, are not imposed. That is a challenge to the iranian people. Even though iran is not a democracy, he was elected to get the economy going again. In the aftermath of the 2009 elections, they were sensitive. O the costs i think the deal is in the interest for both parties, but for different reasons. To trust them, and they dont have to trust us. You just have to make a calculation and determine if it continues to be in the interest of both of the parties. Begin witht me gentleman, and then the lady. Im a retired federal employee. There is an islamic concept known as taqiya, deceiving bee nonmuslim. \ imndering particular wondering the particular technique that they are using. Colin i believe it to academics debate whether virtual cultural essentialism makes sense or not. I would say the broad issue is not whether this is somehow within the dna of the islamic republic, but just the empirical fact of the matter. Lot ofs engaged in a secret Nuclear Activities over the years. All the iconic facilities that we have spoken about, where once covert facilities. That the trust iranians will not do things in secret. That is what the president emphasized that this deal is not about trust, it is about verification. That is why we believe there has that hasn an agreement had more Intrusive Inspections and the one we have here. It is not only 24 7 coverage of nuclear facilities, but also regular asset access to centrifuge production. For those of you who want to know why that matters, if you want another secret enrichment site five years from now. It is not just about drilling a hole in the ground. Ill it with f stuff. You have to fill it with scientists, with uranium. It is effectively inconceivable that they can divert large amounts of material from their known facilities to secret facilities. Then, they will have to apply the traditional protocol. They then have to get the iaea again, onich is conceivable. We have confidence that, if you have not blocked them as they marched on the field, you have significant defense. You can get into suspicious sites. Canhey dont let us in, we snap the sanctions back because they will be in violation of the deal. One of the great ironies of the iran debate is so much of the criticism is focused on the transparency methods. The exports at look at this believe it is the strongest part of the deal, and we agree with that. I am wondering few can tell us more about the market plan. What was the hardest argument to overcome . Did you think they had a point, here in washington . I would love to hear from jon and chris too. Colin i dont blame you. Hardestthe argument to overcome in general is notun is not iran a good regime. One can make a deal with a bad actor . I think that argument is understandable. They regularly make threatening statements. They are not a good regime. Entire cold war making armscontrol agreement after armscontrol agreement with an entity Ronald Reagan called the people empire. He recognized reducing the risk of nuclear war was such a priority that you could strike deals to avoid that risk while still pushing back. And supporting terrorism and killing American Forces all over the world. I think the notion that why would you cut a deal with the understandablen reaction we had to push back against. You have been involved in Public Outreach as much as i have. I would say it has been the most difficult argument. Complex Technical Agreement that relies on a certain assumption of knowledge, to explain to people who have not dealt with the Atomic Energy agency why confidentiality is why the United States has championed the principal for decades. Where the israelis have safeguards. This debate is a political debate. They dont have a familiarity with the iaea and the work they do. And 45s Nuclear Power plus countries around the world. These are the guys that got it right. The regime is able to work because they understand it. Quite the gentle man in the far back. October 15 is an important date in the agreement. What were the criteria . What is happening . I think it is important to take a step back. They documented information in their annex. Those was the possibility of convection all explosives worked to develop a Nuclear Implosion device the United States believes was conducted. Get have been trying to into that facility for several years. No obligation for them to provide access in that framework. We would have gotten access in 2011 had it in in place. We believe had the iranians ended their research, we have not seen any signs of that research. The question is if they would be allowed to pursue these investigations, whether a country like iran has a rest tosibility to provide access the places, people, and documents they deem necessary to complete an investigation. We have a fairly good sense of what went on. Principle thate the iaea gets what it says it needs is what we are working to support so that in five years iran cant say there is a facility they have interest in. You dont have to go in here. Urged the iaea to work out. Iaea must be able to do what , andbelieve is necessary that includes making sure they are able to investigate to their satisfaction. The exact nature is to be worked out. They have that information. They will have to judge. We recognize it is a leap that has to be made. If we believed they were doing Nuclear Weapons research under this deal, we could get in in 24 days. Have agreed to in terms of clearing up possible only applies to the previous investigation. There is a gentleman to the far right who raised his hand. I think we are good. Congratulations to the sponsors. I think you set a record for attendance on august 12. Congratulations on the format. My question is offbeat. On free tradee agreements. U. S. Has five agreements in the middle east with israel, jordan, and morocco. It would being important to send a signal to likeminded countries. I would go beyond trade. I would include things like religious understanding, etc. , and remember we have fasttrack authority with that. Area is beyondde my area of expertise. This is closer to the expertise. The major reassurance measures our partners are looking for at the moment are not in the economic domain. It is not that it wouldnt have value. What they are looking for is a general assurance we will protect them if they are externally attacked. Eisenhower,ck to nixon, carter, the gulf war in 1991, and the rest, but reaffirming that and put the meat on the bone by deepening our security cooperation. I say that is what they are focused on at the moment. The agreement might be more complicated than the one we just passed. Amongst golf partners, iran is in a huge hole. It has been built by the sanctions we had in force. Our focus is making and i ran takes these steps that we work closely with our securityto address concerns. There is a question in the third row. The gentleman right there. If you wait for the mike please. Thanks. I am from egypt. It is not only the aggressive behavior of iran in the region. That theyhe fact might ask for the same deal to develop their own capabilities. You need to move it closer. Coming through. The question was clear. We will have more details. Had trouble you who understanding, this is the concern. Because the agreement leaves the Nuclear Structure intact, it will set off a deliberation in as they try to match these capabilities. A couple things to keep in mind. The Nuclear Program has been around since the 1950s. If the mere existence of the Nuclear Program was efficient to set off this chain of events, we have a number of decades of this proof of that. They have been developing enrichment capabilities since the 1980s. They accelerated it in the 90s. This is not a new challenge. Tip thes sufficient to region we would have seen it already. Reactive is quite rare. Pakistanlows china and follows india. It stopped. It is neither inevitable nor do you tend to see reactive Nuclear Program proliferation. Fromdeal prevents iran getting a Nuclear Weapon. Irans program is here now in terms of their capacity. Their deal is quickly going to go here. With this deal the program goes down here and then gradually ramps up. Risk ofhis more of a regional proliferation than this . Its not is the answer. I understand there is a concern. Yousame critics were saying can never allow iran to get a Nuclear Weapon because of pakistan and the egyptians and turks and others will acquire Nuclear Weapons. Is last point i would make none of our other partners in the region are immune. I am not sure any of them would like to pursue the course of building a large Nuclear Program. If i look at around, that is not a model i want to pursue. That is not a model i want to pursue. All i would say is all countries compliant with their obligations are entitled to benefit from peaceful uses of nuclear energy. If egypt wants to develop they areeactors, capable of doing so. I have no doubt they can rely on the International Market to provide fuel. The uae is under a legally binding restriction not to require reprocesng