Transcripts For CSPAN C-SPAN Programming 20240622

For it. Why would you need to a doctor you highway have Hilton Corporation put off that they are adopting it would we are paying tons of tax on it and were getting nothing for our tax money . It seems like it or try to get us out of our course and getting people to ride on Transportation Systems that do not go anywhere near our work. This is all it seems like it is. Were going to prices on the price us out of being in our car. I think this gentleman will be the first one to ride a bicycle to work. Guest it goes back to that notion of accountability. The state departments transportation, we want to be accountable for those resources. We want users to have a choice and have an opportunity to influence with those investments are going to take place. I understand the frustration but i think you would find this is a program that is trying to be more efficient, more effective, deliver appropriate services to the American Public. Host but right talking about the american cessation of highway and transportation officials. Thank you so much for your time on the washington journal. Guest it has been my pleasure. Host up next the issue of sanctuary cities, will we will be joined by mark rosenblum. And later, your money segment. We will discuss with emily badger from the washington post. Tonight, on the communicators. Fcc commissioner on key issues before the fcc, like the inter alia in public policy. When an item is made for Opportunity Commission meeting and it is resistant to the commissioner level, that should be made publicly. It should give everyone time to comment exactly on what we are thinking. Colony not issues they think are problematic. Right now we have people who raise concerns regarding our items, but they do not know what is being put forward. They are rifle shots in many scattered structures. I would rather have all targeting exactly what they want to see fixed, and not focusing on things that do not need attention. That is tonight on the communicators, on cspan2. Washington journal continues. Host Marc Rosenblum is with the thinking tank that p focuses on numbers worldwide. There has been so much focus on sanctuary cities, and you and the data to that issue. How many century citys are out there and be numbers of undocumented aliens that live in those jurisdictions. Guest a group called the immigrant Legal Resource Center estimates there are a little over 360 jurisdictions that another cooperation with the u. S. Immigrations customs and enforcement. We estimate that those counties and cities and states are will at least 5. 9 million unauthorized immigrants. That is about 53 of thehe unauthorized operation population of the United States. Host is there sort of a baseline of specific issues where they do not cooperate that makes a jurisdiction a sanctuary city . Guest the main way that they do Immigration Enforcement is when people to buys date or the police for any kind of violation. When the Police Department since there preprints to the fbi for criminal background check, the Government Data is shared with dhs. If chs determines that may be deportable for any reason, they contact the immigration system. This list of jurisdictions are those that do not always hold. There is a number of reasons that jurisdictions do not want to hold people all, the biggest one is that Police Departments leave it under my Public Safety because with immigrants who think that police are involved in Immigration Enforcement, they are not as willing to report crimes. Host you have written that the sanctuary cities highlight this tension between federal and local Law Enforcement. Talk about the history of this and where the sanctuary cities came from. What were the laws that caused these decisions on the local level . Guest weve had century cities for a long time, since the 1980s. A lot of jurisdictions back in the 1980s actively resisted cooperating with Immigration Enforcement at that time because you have a lot of people fleeing the civil war in Central America, interest actions were often sanctuary out of support for those refugees out of opposition to the u. S. Foreignpolicy in Central America or this current round is really in reaction to this is when will i was describing. Beginning in 2008, this program called secure communities is the main program that they used to identify unauthorized immigrants within the United States. It relies on this close cooperation between local police and Immigration Enforcement. That program became more widespread and dhs initially unveiled in 2008, and at the time described it as the voluntary program. Over the next several years they decided it was a mandatory program. Jurisdictions were required to participate in it. That prompted backlash, you had an increasing number of jurisdictions meeting their cooperation, trying to opt out of certain communities. Host from a legal perspective, how can local jurisdiction do that . This federal law have privacy here . Dozens ofesnt the federal law have primacy care . Here . Guest there is no federal law so once someone no charges pending against them, they are asking jurisdictions to hold them for oriented hours after that, and the locality has to pay for it this reasons for the fiscal concern because jurisdictions see this as an Unfunded Mandate because they are being asked to assist with federal Immigration Enforcement also constitutional concerns because these are people who are not charged with a crime, and they are being detained in jail beyond any probable cause. In federal court has ruled that local county sheriffs or Police Department can be held liable if they hold somebody on the justice processing. Host we are talking with mr. Rosenblu,. M about immigration policy. Were taking your comments and calls. If youre in this country illegally, if you want to join the conversation today have your thoughts on century cities, especially line for you. We will start with edward, calling it from williams town, new jersey. Line for republicans. Good morning, edward. Caller good morning. I have a quick question for the gentleman. When we are dealing with Illegal Immigrants always the laws of the united aids state applicable to them . If they are in the country illegally, they are not the laws of this nation strictly deals with citizens of this nation. Why is that the federal government thatt is not enforcing any laws that will help them detain or deep for any illegal immigrant . Why are these sanctuary cities getting away with what they are getting away with . Guest two points. One is that there are certain constitutional protections including freedom from wrongful detention that do apply both to citizens and to noncitizens. The constitution does not only protect citizens. As part of the answer. The other part is that it comes this dispute comes down to a dispute between the federal government and the state and local governments. The state and local governments what to do with acs in their best interest in terms of local policing. They want to use their police and resources for fighting crime, not for detaining immigrants. Host you talk about the secure Communities Program that was the genesis of a lot of what has happened in the sanctuary cities issue. Is that program getting phased out . Guest last year, the president announced that secure communities would be replaced with a new program called the priority enforcement program. And works as the same way as security amenities, it relies on that information sharing between dhs and the fbi, and local officers will still find out somebody who has been arrested appears deportable. But this imposes new limits on the types of cases that theyre are going to follow up on and requested detainee. They are only going to request that the jurisdictions notifying them about a release date for an unauthorized immigrant that has been convicted of a serious crime. Unauthorized immigrant who has not committed a serious crime say a traffic violation, they are not going to be put into the deportation line. But it if the is a serious crime, if it will slow down the process and elizabeth, it will allow them to rest information about the person whos been arrested, and in the control with one of these detainer request. This is also living changed to require that i showed you will cause that the person is deportable. That is an attempt to address those constitutional concerns that judges have found. Host how long will this transition take . Guest it was announced in november, and then dhs created these new forms and began training localized officers over the spring and summer. The program just really has been ruled out as of july 1. It is now operational. Host it is already getting some criticism from republicans on capitol hill. A judiciary committee, the full Committee Chairman talked about the priority enforcement program, and his concerns. Here is what he has to say. Secretary johnsons solution is a failure. Even the secretary admitted last week that five of the priority a , meaning the worst offending member of offending have said they will not participate. What a jurisdiction has agreed to participate the encompass compliance only a small part of cap. There is a clear answer to this problem. Compliance with the detainers must be mandatory, islanders must suffer consequences, and others must no longer allow them to turn off the Immigration Enforcement switch. Host your thoughts on some of the criticism . Guest he is correct one of the things that have is doing is that dhs is actively negotiating with these jurisdictions that have opted out of secure communities. So far, out of the top 50 or so most of them have said that they will cooperate with dhs. They are opting back into cap. Five have said that they wont come and about 11 are still undecided. It gets to this question that congress was looking at last week of requiring jurisdiction to hold people and transfer them. I think it is a carrot and stick question. Dhs is taking the approach that they are looking to address Community Concerns and to meet communities halfway and figure out what is the set of unauthorized immigrants you are willing to hold, and the protocols are willing to have to transfer people back to dhs so they can be deported . The mandate that jurisdictions hold unauthorized immigrants that congress thinks they should hold. This gets back to the question of the balance between local governments and federal government. Host lets go back to springfield, vermont. Independent line. Good morning. Caller good morning. I wanted to ask the question and make a couple of comments. I believe the senator who says they should be mandatory. I have wondered what it became time in this country to decide that the word illegal no longer means illegal. People can come across our borders. I believe there are some coming for rescues from horrible places, and that is one thing. But for people to come over and say they want to open a laws and have the american way, to restrict our disrespect our country by, and cross illegally and half century cities mean that illegal that does not mean illegal anymore, i do not understand that. Two, i agree they should be mandatory. The sanctuary city select boards and councils that agreed to have century cities, i believe that any crime that happens because of illegal criminals in their area that happens, that they should be held criminally liable for those homes that happened because they are responsible for those criminals being protected there. Guest another issue that the sanctuary city debate crosscurrents with is what are we going to do about the 11 million or so unauthorized immigrants in the United States . Some in congress and some of your callers believe that if youre here illegally you should be deported, and conversation and the conversation. But in opinion polls, many believe that those who have been here a long time, have not committed crimes should have the chance to earn their status as citizens. What we know about the unauthorized population, is more than half of them have been here at least 10 years. 94 of them have never committed a serious crime. With communities and this sharp rise in deportations that we saw over the last several years as the program was rolled out, and one of communities felt like that very robust interior enforcement going after long term members of communities, thes did not reflect best solutions to immigration policy. Host lumbar, baltimore maryland. Democrat line, good morning. Caller first i want to apologize, i cannot hear the number for the liberal and my question is why is this taking such a long time to resolve . To me this is a focus on the south order, not the north order of people coming from overseas. South america, Central America that aspect. My main question is, what is beholden . Of the hold up . Guest congress in the last two president s have been looking at this issue for the last 15 years now. It is held up, the senate has passed a couple of confidence of Immigration Reform bills that would combine legalization for those who have been here, with changes to the visa system to make sure people can come here legally. Those bills have died in the house. It appears when you follow the legislative conversation, that we are further away from that kind of cover has a solution now than we ever have been. Part of the answer is that the public is very polarized over this. A group of 20 or so of americans who feel very strongly opposed to any form of legalization unauthorized immigrants should be deported but there is another 20 or so that are strongly committed to some kind of comprehensive solution. The 60 in the middle lean toward comprehensive, but do not feel strongly about it. Those full 71 sway those polls have a lot of sway along the primaries and the republicans in the house of representatives. It is hard to find the compromise. Host i want to come back to the Unfunded Mandate arguments that some communities are putting out there when it comes to cooperating secure communities. On twitter i read that sanctuary cities are unable to bear the extra cost of detaining Illegal Immigrants for the federal government. Are there things on the fiscal line . Guest that is a argument that the communities bring theup. A lot of emphasis on the fiscal concerns. For those communities who have opted out of your communities, they have raised the fiscal issue. They have also raised the policing issue. It is both the Public Safety concern about the trust between immigrant communities and the police and their ability to do community polices, and also diverting resources away from fighting crime on to this mandate. And then some mentees favor legalization rather than robust enforcement for long settled authorized unauthorized immigrants. Host if you want to join the conversation you can call in. We would be interested to hear your thoughts this morning. We will go to shelley, waiting in our bill, minnesota. Caller good morning, thank you for taking my call. Part of this conversation always go back to what we were talking about transportation bill and how it goes back to the federal budget. Everyone seems to forget that the federal government and state governments, their first responsibility is to protect the public. We constantly want to cuts that in order to put i hate to say more welfare state policies i almost say enslaved the povertystricken to a life of poverty. Here we go, we are allowing illegals to come in, which they are, and not letting those who have been in line or a Legal Immigration. Do not understand how that is fair. Supporters of sanctuary cities constantly sell to the American Public that they are just here to work, etc. They are not here for crimes. There forget to mention that 75 of americans also believe that the borders should be secure first. Then we can have a conversation about what to do with the 11 million. Host mr. Rosenblum, i will let you jump in. Guest i agree there is a lot of concern about Border Security. We look at the data on apprehensions at the southwest border. It is pretty clear that is more secure than it has been in decades. The number of people apprehended at the border, and the number of unauthorized mexicans is that a 40 year low. That is considered our best indicator of how many people are trying to cross and how many we are trying to catch. Host not a sign of missing people . Guest when you look at overtime that number falls the use that as their best indicator of how many people are attempting to cross. We assume that the proportion of people we are catching is roughly even overtime, or even going up over time. 10 years ago, 12 years ago the 1. 6 million unauthorized mexican trying to cross the southwest border. Last your there were 250,000. It has gone down by sixfold. Host on our twitter page with any immigration policy, close the borders first, make it all go back to the back of the line. Lets go to dallas texas, life of democrats. Caller good morning. I have a question and a comment. I worked for a Government Agency that issues benefits. We issue benefit and have to run criminal background checks on those who apply. I have seen many illegals with dwis, various other arrest, and my question is, why werent they deported when they were arrested for breaking the law in the first place . My comment is i do not think immigration will ever be resolved until we first make mexico a safe place for its own citizen. That is why they are coming here. I do not believe the majority of them are coming here to break the law. We have to deal with mexico, and we have to deal with the industries here at the one that one cheap labor. Guest on the first point, why they do not seize Illegal Immigrants with criminal convictions in their history people have been convicted of serious crimes that includes dwi, felonies, that is the number one enforcement priority for dhs. These are the main tools that dhs has in place to make sure that they will be deported. That system is pretty robust and apart from this challenge that is why the support for dhs to get cities to opt back in and make sure they can reliably deport serious criminals as their coming through the system. For the people that the caller is coming across, and a lot of them may have had older criminal convictions and either they deported and reentry, or they can became the offense came before they have a system in place. Before then they were less good about it. The callers is concerned about making mexico safe. Is it the Central American countries that are the largest contributors . Guest i actually right. In the last year or two Central America has surpassed mexico and it is because mexico has become mostly more safe and more economically successful and Central America has really become the main source of unauthorized immigration as crime and violence has really spiraled there. As the economy there has remained much less productive. Host this follows up on a point the caller made, on twitter, saying they are mostly here to work, and they work very hard. Why not go after the employers who hire them . Guest that has been a longtime priority. Something that we have talked about a lot. Something that has been at the center of these previous comprehensive an proposals. The technology for enforcing that is famously unsuccessful. Right now what the law requires is that you look at somebodys drivers license and Social Security card, and those are easy to get a fake id, and give an employer the ability to say i did not know they were unauthorized because i looked at the writing and it looks good to me. There has been a proposal to make everify mandatory. It takes names and Social Security numbers against the federal database. It is not really a Silver Bullet to solve this problem because it remains vulnerable to identity fraud. I could go in with someone elses name and Social Security number, and an everify is not going to prevent that. It is hard to design a system that holds employers accountable, but makes it easy for employers to hire illegal workers, and does not terminate against workers who may look unauthorized. That is a big teeth of the puzzle but we are working on. Host 15 minutes left with mr. Rosenblum from the policy institute. In a report last week understanding the potential impact of the action on immigration, the 2014 executive action we were referring to earlier. We will go to nancy in ohio. The line for republicans. Good morning. Caller good morning. I was wondering when the attitude toward immigrates has changed. I have heard in the past when people would come over here at ellis island, they would make sure they had a way to support themselves, they would make sure they had some place to live, they let them know the government is not going to take care of you, so you have to be able to take care of yourself. It does not seem to be that way now. I was wondering when it changed. Guest one big change is in 1965 week had a big reform to the Immigration Law that for the first time reduced the number of people able to come here legally from latin america. We also ended the large Worker Program we had with mexico. That is the point when we have seen a lot of unauthorized immigration. Prior to the 1960s, and the 1920s, the ellis island era, there were no america limits on Legal Immigration to the united days. There was not a concept of ilLegal Immigration. That has been a big change since the 1960s we have a levels of unauthorized immigration. But to the other way, the federal government still does not give any Welfare Benefits to unauthorized immigrants, even legal immigrants are ineligible for over the first five years they are here. But unauthorized immigrants have no access to Public Services and they were cut much higher rates than u. S. Citizens, and they have lower criminology than u. S. Citizens and the idea that immigrants are going to come in and support themselves, that still exists. The reality is know that a lot of immigration is unauthorized in a way that it was not back when hundred years ago. Host mapleton, illinois, live for independents. Good morning. Caller good morning. I do not understand why you are abusing people with facts. What you just said is absolutely correct about the guest Worker Program. Im from california, i am retired law or smit enforcement, and im mexicanamerican. I can tell you absolutely nothing started things started changing for people when i saw the mexicans were becoming transmittance. They started taking over all the trades in california, as you know. When the demographic changes likes citizen starts moving east like it is, that is what people really do not like. They do not like the way they are seeing the change of the color of people at the kind of integration they are having with society. If they had aid with doing rest from work and working in the fields, which are now Central American, they would not have a problem with that. But you see them now doing all the things i just described, and that is what people do not like people from vermont, minnesota who come in, be honest with them, just say you do not like what youre looking at. I can go at that. Guest i would agree with the caller that another big change in the last two or three decades that youve seen immigration in general and unauthorized migration in particular diffusing from traditional settlement states, california, texas, illinois, new york, to be a 50 state phenomenon. It used to be just 20 use ago that of a 5 of all immigrants lived in the top six states. Now the percentages down to about andersons 2 . They are much more likely to be found in states like georgia, north carolina, and ohio. Udc that a lot of the backlash against immigration and unauthorized immigration is mostly centered in these newer destination states in the southeast and the great plains. Host the top five states for immigrants lisa california 10. 3 million is the estimate there, new york and texas, at 4. 4 million. Florida at 3. 8 million, new jersey at 1. 9 million. That is some of the numbers that have been crushed by the immigration policy institute. You can check out their website. Lets go to that line we have for Illegal Immigrants. Craig from massachusetts. Good morning. Caller thanks for taking my call. One of the reasons i think there is a lot of resistance from immigrants receiving legal status is that they are much more likely to join unions. As conservatives and immigrants, what they also hate our unions. A lot of places in the south states you just mentioned of these proven processing plants have Food Processing plants. It has been required in this country to organize the south there were efforts made throughout the 50s, 60s, 70s, and if the immigrants had legal status, it would be a tremendous boost for unionization. And wages would probably go up for everybody if it was unionization. Host you talk a little bit about your experience . How did you get to massachusetts . Caller i grew up in new bedford. My parents were like the immigrants. People in mexico were driven off the land who work or farmers for the most part. A lot of corn farmers ended up in the United States. My grand parents can fear from poland, and the same thing happened from them. There is a lot of similarities between the european immigrants and the american immigrants. They have almost identical histories, where they were driven off the land, into the cities, and enforced to the United States. Host can he talk about the president s executive order on enforcement. Does that affect your status until at all . Caller im not an immigrants. Im not clear on what the strategy of the president is. In the long run i think the idea of legalization is a step in the right direction for the country. Host we do have a line for specifically Illegal Immigrants if you want to call in and join the conversation. Mr. Rosenblum, i let you comment on his thoughts. Guest what his observations one of the most interesting developments in immigration to date in the last couple of decades is the relationship between immigrants and okra is labor. Traditionally organized labor took a hard line against immigration. For example, unions were at the forefront to pass employer sanctions law that i talked about before, making it illegal for employers to hire an authorized and unauthorized immigrants. Now, all organized labor have come out strongly in support of legalization and they are very skeptical of employer sanctions because they see that it is difficult to actually hold employers accountable, and those enforcement costs get tacked onto workers and forms of lower wages. Unions agree that legalization races wages and we have seen some avenues for that after 1986. We saw that wages for newly legalized immigrants did seem to go out. Up. Host tony is calling in. Tells about your story. Caller i used to live in america with my kids, i work, i got deported for a simple crime. In canada, people can come to see their family. Youre going to have Illegal Immigrants, try to come over to america. Host tonys calling in from kingston, jamaica. What was the incident that got you deported . Caller a minor drug offense. This was back in 2000, where the war on terror was going on, and every emigrant was a terrorist. Host how did you get to the United States in the first place . Caller a work visa. Host and it was a matter of staying passband of the visa . Caller right. I stayed. People can i legally to see their families, and all that, youre never going to have that problem solved. It is always going to be were people are breaking the law. Reform to where people can see their kids and families. A lot of the Illegal Immigrants have families there. If they can go to their families the right way, after making simple estate, youre going to have this problem. Guest i agree with tony. A lot of unauthorized have families about 46 have children in the United States. We see a lefty parties want to come back because the family is here. If they have lived here long time, the caller got to deported in 2000, i do not know how long he had lived here. This problem has been with us for so long that we do have large populations that have families here, roots here, that do not have networks in their own country of origin. It does make it much more difficult to successfully do enforcement when people have their lives here in the United States. Host cambridge, maryland on our line or independents. Caller good morning. I have a couple of comments. My younger years i was a bad boy. I just some time in prison in virginia, now i have my life street and i am really my family. I work for a government official. When i was in virginia, i was in the correctional center, and i will tell you the email you can gang members and i will tell you the mexican gang members the cartel numbers, they were locked up. A lot of them have been back and forth three and four and five times. Upon their release, the used to wait for them at the gate and take them to a Holding Facility somewhere near d. C. And we to be deported. But they tell you that 2, 3 months, they will be back with a different name, different papers, you will not stop them. It is not just drug dealing, you have shooting into occupied dwellings, shooting into occupy cars, dry eyes. Occupied cars, dry rivebys. Supposedly there was a law that one of them, and iranian could not be to deported because of the dangerous situation. You always have this problem. If you want to do it right, do it right. Its the elong country relies that one day you grow in you to realize to do the right thing because you cannot even law the time i if people just realize this, you do have good immigrants workers. Im friends with some. But you also have the bad element that if he gets a lot bigger than what people think because you do not know who course crosses the border in the middle of the night. No one is telling on anybody. Host we appreciate you telling your story. Guest i agree with the caller that first of all, the program he is describing, where they are waiting at the gate is a longstanding program that is designed exactly to catch the worst of the worst, and they are pretty successful because they could go through the federal and state penitentiarys, and it is easy to find unauthorized immigrants in that captive audience. They wait for them, and they get deported. An immigrant who is committed to getting his way back into the United States, even though the border is generally quite secure, and authorities unauthorized entries is way down, somebody who wants to come back in, so that he can get back in. We saw this with the killer, who had been deported five times and convicted of felonies, including felony reentry. He served 16 years in jail just for ilLegal Immigration offenses. Each time he was committed to coming back. Realistically we are not going to have a 100 protected border where it is impossible for them to come in. It is so important that we find a model where local police are willing and able to cooperate with dhs to make sure that people like that get sent back out. Important priorities would be to be a better mitigation with Central America and mexico and other origin country so that they know who we are deporting back. Right now we give very Little Information about serial criminals we are deported back to this countries. That is something we have been asking work and we have had a hard time getting that structure in place. Host back to the line for Illegal Immigrants. Jose is in miami, florida. Caller thank you for having me. I am a current search and professional the a construction professional, and i concerned about the situation. It was a burden on the local and the Law Enforcement Immigration Laws creating deep problems with the community. For instance i have an incident where we recorded a crime, and the Sheriffs Office showed up, and they had a little bit of concern that the complaint was about one of the government agencies. They came and they started asking questions that had nothing to do with the issue. Let me see your documents, and they said they went straight to the guys who went mexican. By doing that they are threatening my guys, that you might deported, just like saying shut up. The second issue that is when katrina hit United States, we had a big need of help. I got a phone call from the border, someone was trying to get into america. The guy was america, because we needed help and we had an emergent the. I see it is very hypocritical the actions of the government. It will Illegal Immigrants in this country, it is time to make a decision, start questioning every decision our government make, and allow them whoever shows the willingness to respect the law, to become legal. Guest they are both good points. The story that the caller tells of what happens when they call with the complaint about asking for the police to come and investigate a crime, and then it turns into an Immigration Enforcement action, that is exactly the concern that all of the sanctuary cities are trying to prevent. It is police who need people to call and report as crimes and service witnesses in crimes. That is a real phenomena in that happens over and over again that people are concerned about. That is exactly what they seek to address, to make sure that you are limiting and controlling Kopin Corporation exist and preventing lawabiding authorized immigrants to get caught in this enforcement relationships. To the other point, the fact is that immigrants, including authorized immigrants do play a large role in certain industries. Construction to a number one. They rely very heavily on immigrant workers, and it is hard to come up with a conference of policy solution. The industries that rely on workers, people say secure the border first, but those industries say secure my workforce first and make sure i have access to workers. Creating a more reliable way to find workers that they are unable to find within the United States. If youre going to insist on getting zero inflows at the border before you create a guest Worker Program that this industries cap depend on, that will create huge economic consequences. Politically that is hard to get across. Host esther in growth town, georgia. The line for independents. Good morning. Caller good morning. Im just sitting here listening to what is going on, and i find it hard that people do not believe that these people come in to the indebted states work, to better themselves. My grandparents came in the mid1920s. They brought one child, and they had eight more in the United States. Out of those children, there have been professional people, young people. I have a pharmacist in my family, i have two registered nurses, and my sons and my daughters that are registered nurses, they have been stopped because they look like mexicans. That is wrong. That is wrong for the people who born here. Yes the grandparents came in but it is not our fault. Talking about jobs, these people come in and take the lowest grade paying jobs, and supposedly they take the jobs away from the people here. These are jobs that people in the United States do not want to do. They do not want to go out and pack groceries from the field, they want to get on top of a roof in 90 degree weather to pushing those of, they do not want to do construction work of a because it is hard to do. Guest that is the american story. We are a nation of immigrants, and particularly as she was saying, it is a process of emigration and assimilation that takes place over the course of generations. The children of immigrants do tend to suppress their parents in education. The speaking this, the grandchildren are fully american, and they tend to move up the economic ladder. Were still seeing that process unfold over the course of generations even with unauthorized immigrants. Host stan in Houston Texas our line for republicans. Caller i heard mr. Rosenblum make a statement that the Border Security has improved, and we have stopped more people entering. I challenge that because if you look at it, they are now counting the people that they stop at the border gate and turn them away. He is looking at it, and looking at the numbers. We are letting a lot more people in. I will tell you that i was here in houston, texas, it is a century city and they get all the social services. I can take him on a trip, and they are on the street corners hundreds of thousands of my immigrants. The other thing that bothers me is with obamas new plan to let people become citizens, ones that law gets passed, they get the right to vote immediately because in texas, when you get a driver license, youre automatically set up to vote. Guest i have from houston austin, i grew up there. Houston is not a century city in the sense that we have been discussing. They have cooperated with local enforcement, and theres a texas law that prevents cities from opting out of secure communities in the past. We do see plenty of unauthorized immigrants on street corners in houston. They are one of the largest cities for unauthorized immigrants, but not because i do services, because they are ineligible for federal and the services in texas. With respect to the border dhs and the ins, they have always counted both apprehensions for courses of entry. As the number between courses entering the have gone down. Traditional people rusting crossing the line illegally. That has gone down for mexicans. In texas we do see a lot of Central Americans continuing to cross in south texas, but most of them are presenting themselves to Border Patrol agent because they are seeking asylum. Guest if you want to read more of mr. Rosenblums work, it is that the migration policy institute. Appreciate your time this morning. Up next in your money segment of washington journal, we will be talking about Housing Assistance for lowincome families with the washington post, and emily badger. Tonight on the communicators ftc commissioner Michael Orielly on key issues before the fcc, like neutrality, and public policymaking. When an item is made for an open Commission Meeting and it is presented to the commissioner level, that document be made available publicly. I think that would provide an opportunity for everyone to comment on exactly what we were thinking. It would allow people to in on issues busy is problematic. Right now we people who raise concerns regarding our items but they often do not know exactly what is being put forward. They are doing right. Fle shots in many scattered structured. Those problematic in my view. I would rather have them target exactly what is the issue and not things that do not need attention. Let us on the communicators on cspan two. Cspan gives you best access to congress, live coverage of the u. S. House, congressional hearings and news conferences ringing you over events that shape public policy. And every morning washington journal is line with other policymakers, and journalists, cspan, greeted by americas Cable Companies and brought to you as a Public Service by your local people were select provider. By your local satellite provider. Washington journal continues. Host each week in the segment we look at how your money is at work in a different federal program. This week are joined by Emily Procter of the washington post. We will be talking about federal dollars used for Housing Assistance for lowincome families and it is the assistance allowed under section eight of the federal housing act. Give us the scope of this federal aid to a much money goes towards the programs any given year . Guest they are the housing the doctors that are given to families to choose their only learn, to find their own house. Very different from putting family simply housing projects. We spend by 19 billion a year funding this program. It helps about 5 million people, and a little over 2 million households, which is a small number compared to the need. Host if you want to call in during the segment, and you are a housing voucher recipient, we will have a special line or you. We want to hear those stories. We also have lines for democrats, republicans, and independents. How does somebody get on one of these programs . Talk about process of somebody were to apply today. Guest all of this comes from the federal government, but goes to the local Public Housing authority. You go to your local Housing Authority, and you apply for these things usually about 75 of people who apply are the ones who get them in any city, and are surely low income. They are less than 3 of the Median Income in the region. You wind up sitting on a waiting list for a very long time. There are many cities, new york city is the perfect couple this chicago is an example as well, with the waiting list to get a housing voucher can last a month, last for years, and if youve a small child and your trade get your family to housing, the child may be in high school by the time you get that voucher. It is for a long process. You have to qualify based on income to be able to apply for one of these. Host as you are waiting on these long list, where do these people generally live in the meantime . Shelters . Guest not necessarily. People may be living with families, doubling and tripling up an overcrowded housing. In some cases people may be homeless. Local housing authorities will often wear test those who are homeless to make sure they get in this possible as soon as possible. People are quite ingenious about when housing for themselves when they have limited means. They are probably the thing with family or in substandard housing. Host if they are picked to be a part of this program, one of the requirements they have to meet . Guest you first have to find a place to live. The whole idea behind he sought truth is that you use them on the private market, which means that there is not necessarily a set of the Significant Properties that are handed to you. The Housing Authority may give you a list of landlords but may work with you, but first you have to find a home. That is an incredibly difficult thing to do. In many jurisdictions and local areas, landlords are allowed to tell vulture holders, i do not rent to section eight there are legally allowed to discriminate. You may find an apartment you like, that is in the right amount of money, but the landlord may tell you we are not going to take you. Usually when youre given a voucher you have a narrow window of 60 to 90 days to find a place. If you do not find a place in its territory from you and give it to someone else. There is time restrictions restrictions on the type of places you can find. Lets say you find a house, the landlord is willing to rent to a section eight voucher holder, now the Department Needs to be feted by the Public Housing authority. There would come in and inspected. Theyre going to make sure it is up to code for receiving federal dollars for housing. There is this whole bureaucratic process but a landlord has to go through if theyre going to speak in this program as well. Host it takes so long to get a voucher and become a voucher recipient. On a successful in moving people to missing to better housing it off these programs, or do they stay on this program for decades . Guest average family stays for about eight years. I do not often tells want to people or not. It is the big goal of the program is to try to get people to have opportunities to live in neighborhoods other than where we fill Public Housing projects for decades. Better neighborhoods. On a whole, the program is not terribly successful getting people into those other communities. If you look at a map of the city and where the voucher holders live, they tend to be clustered into lower income parts of the city. On that hand, i think the program is not as successful of a lot of people would like it to be, as far as opening up opportunities. Host we are tiger Housing Assistance for low income families in our weekly your income segment. We have a life for faucher holder voucher recipients. Lets start on that line. Anthony is waiting in michigan. Good morning. Caller good morning. Host tell us about your story. Caller i am a veteran. I am on the section eight housing voucher. I have been on the voucher for four years. It has been working. It is very helpful and helping me through in all my financial hardship, until i can do better. Im actually receiving a veterans disability pension. I was a vietnam era veteran. I was watching your program, and i spoke to the Housing Program locally. Begot an increase at the beginning of the year for proximally approximately 200 or so. But, it absolves mykola increase my cola increase. I did not think that was right and was kind of odd that it was my entire increase for the housing voucher portion that i paid. I called about it and they said that i dont know if they knew that was the only cola increase the i et. That is what i call this morning to mention that to the speaker and see what her response would be. Guest this is the cola increase the uganda pension jekyll caller you got on the pension . Caller yes. Guest they are asking people to pay 30 towards the rent, and then the Housing Commission pays the rest of it. Host regardless of what the rent is . Guest you cant move into a penthouse and asked the government to pay 2 million on top of the 500 per month that you can afford. The way that the other part of it it is structured is the federal government goes into the communities, including where anthony lives, and says, what is fair rent for this community . The federal government says in washington, d. C. The market price is about 1200 for a onebedroom apartment. So, they say we will pay the whatever is on top of your 30 . As your income adjust, the amount that you receive will adjust as well. Host lets go to gasoline and say augustine, florida, line for republicans. Good morning. Caller good morning. I had an experience twice with section eight. Both times were not good. I had a onebedroom apartment. It was vetted and so forth. I rented it to a couple. They moved their son in. I told them that he could not live there. They told me that he did not live there and i could not stop them from having a visitor. I gritted my teeth and thought, theres not much i can do about that because they just let allied flat out lie. Some years later i tried it again. This time again with a couple. I have the same experience, only that couple moved in with an unmarried daughter with a child. When i complained, the couple flat out by. I think that is something that really needs to be addressed. It is not that we do not want to help with section eight, but if i rent to a couple, i dont excite them to be able to move people in. Host kathleen, from your perspective as someone who rents to section eight housing recipients, how much more work is it from a paperwork and process standpoint to go through being a section eight landlord . Caller in my area anyway, that was not a big issue. I was very active in the community, i still am, and that is why i was approached to help these people. I did not mind doing that. I think we need to look of the other side of the coin a little bit, and certainly lets say 24 weeks, we ought to be able to have the people move or be evicted because the second group that was there, they did a number on the apartment. When they moved out, there was nothing i could do about it. The only problem i saw was that sometimes there was a problem with the security, and when these people moved in, i had some pretty hefty bills that i had to pay. I had no recourse. I think that part of the p program may need some remission. Guest one of the things i want to point out is why are people landlords and the system . Part of it is that some people want to help out low income families. The other part is that some people there are some advantages to being a section eight landlord. Part of it is that you are not bearing any of the risk of the people being able to make their payment. Your check every month is coming from the government. All of it comes directly from the government. This is a very stable source of renter income for people who are landlords. It is the reason why you would hear from people, not necessarily the color we were talking to, but you will see a lot of landlords who have apartment buildings that are entirely made up of section eight because of some cases this is a good source of income for people who own property. Host what about her desire to move these people out . She felt they were lying to her. What are the restrictions that landlord has that are imposed by being a section eight landlord . Guest there are definitely things t that you can do double get you kicked out of the housing. You can be doing drugs in these houses. If you have moved into a house with a family of two, no, you cannot have 10 more people come crash on your couch. It is really up to the local Housing Authority, not necessarily hide, ta to arbitrate these issues. I think it depends on how good the Housing Authority is staying on top of complaints and investigating them. They are often understaffed, they dont have enough money. It would not surprise me if you are landlord and have a hard time getting problems addressed. They are finite resources. Host that to our line from housing voucher recipients. Caller how are you doing . It sounds like i am from the south, by and from new jersey. In reply to your last caller, it is too bad that the bad eggs heard the people who really need help, like myself. I am an elderly disabled person. Im on the Housing Program which im so think will for cub dont want anyone to take that wrong. My problem that i having is i was moved into a twobedroom apartment because i had mold in my onebedroom apartment. The place where i am living, needed be out of the because of the breathing. They moved being into a nice too much of in the same area, but this year, and i have only been here two years, there seems to be a new law about the utility allowance. That caused my rent to jump 74 which if im doing the math right, is only six dollars on a 30 . I having a terrible time trying to afford this. I did not eat the last week. What do i do . I just felt that there are some type of help i could get in the meantime until i can find a onebedroom. I was told by hud that there was nothing they could do. Guest are you paying the same about of money for your twobedroom the work for the onebedroom . Caller no, actually when i came here it was less. I was paying 120 here. Now they raise it to 194 dollars. My income is just 700. You can see where that is rough with electric im sorry, i have to have cable and internet cup i dont want to give that up, but i dont know what to do. I have a flat tire for two months. My kids finally fixed it yesterday. It is a difficult. Host on the cost of living increases, are these decisions made on the local level or are there federal formulas . Guest hud sets the rate. It is up to the federal government that you will pay 30 of your income. One of the things hud is working on is considering a Pilot Program where it says, lets calculate the Fair Market Rents differently. Lets take into account that Dupont Circle in washington is a much more expensive place to live that some places east of the river. Lets establish that the Fair Market Rent varies widely based on where you live. They are experimenting with how they calculate these formulas but they fundamentally come from washington at the and of the day. They are things that are established here and then headed out to local jurisdictions. Host under the Current System there is one calculation for entire city . Guest for an entire metropolitan area. If we were to calculate what the cost is for and onebedroom in washington, it will likely be much higher for the district. Part of what theyre try to do is calculate it in a more precise way. Theyre looking at doing it by the zip code. The primary pre reason is because there is a push to get people into better neighborhoods, what if the Fair Market Rent for a one bedroom is 1200 in washington, there are not many areas where you will find a 1200 onebedroom apartment in d. C. Hide his thinking as they calculate this differently maybe it will enable people to get into those communities. Host lets go to chicago where charlotte is waiting on the line for democrats. Caller good morning. Im calling this morning im an interior designer who went into the landlord business. Around 2005. At that time, i was taking section eight voucher tenants, however, unfortunately i had so many problems with the majority of the tenants that i had. I was very particular about my properties. It was in lake county, illinois. They were in lower income areas. Unfortunately, the tenants tended to, especially if they were there for a year, the properties went downhill the apartments, i should say. I have a couple of situations where i had to file Police Reports in regards to the way the apartment looked after they left, there was so much damage. It is just a system that unfortunately i can no longer participate in because one apartment particular, after i filed a Police Report and i reported this to the hud department, i dont think the woman even lost her voucher. I know this is probably the exception, which is the good thing, but i do feel that, as the one previous caller said the bad eggs ruin the system for everyone, that is kind of true. I think these departments that have tenants, these participants getting vouchers, they really have to maintain those apartments, especially when theyre given a really nice apartment like i was giving them. Unfortunately, i even had a problem with a vet who stopped paying his portion of the rent and i had to go through an eviction, which is the last thing i wanted to do. I just did not have any good experiences with this. Honestly, i had two different tenants were there were thousands of dollars of damage after they moved out. It was just unfortunate. Host back to your thoughts on the frustrations therefrom the landlord side. Guest i think that is legitimate. This is a predominately lowincome community, but within that, were talking about a Diverse Group of people. Voucher holders include the elderly, people with disabilities families. It means it will include people who are not great tenants, and also some families who will take great care of your property. If you are at landlord i dont have experience with that second group of people, i can understand why you would have a hard time. Host the numbers on the program from hud. We are talking about here in the your money segment. Tony is on the line. Good morning. Caller good morning, cspan. I am not on hud, Housing Assistance for my rent, but i am having trouble dealing with my electric bills down here in florida. It is very hot. I worked 32 years in lawenforcement. Im paralyzed from the waist down. I am on disability. It is a hundred 90 per month and that does not go very far. It is hard for me to ask for help, but i wonder if i can ask the young lady if there is some Government Agency that gives grants that can help me just with my electric bill. It is very hot and humid down here. I have all my other things closed up as far as other bills like the lady was saying, you cant get rid of the internet a couple of calls back. I was wondering if theres a programmer place i can go to for help . Guest there probably is a program, but not barred by hide. It is probably brought by your local electric utility. Most people when they pay their electric will get the option to pay for a fund to pay for electricity for low income people. That is designed specifically to help people out who are having trouble paying their electric utility. I would start there. You may get some more help than the federal government. Caller i never thought to ask that. You think, they are the enemy, they are the ones sending the bill. I have great credit. I just a want to be the one to ask them for help. I have to though, and i will start there. Thank you for your advice. Cspan, have a great day. Host calvin is up next from georgia. Good morning, you are on. Caller good morning. I have to echo the same se sentiment as the lady from chicago. Just this year i stopped renting to section eight. Lots of problems. You have people moving into the homes, and after they send th signed the lease the hud agreement is one thing, the lease is another. You have to comply with the statement to laws. They move in family members who dont keep up the place. I have people who owne as much as 5,000 6,000, and they move out. I have no problems with regular renters. I believe hud, there needs to be some tightening up as far as hud is concerned in giving the landlords more the way or more support. The landlords need more support in dealing with the tenants. You call the local section eight office, lots of problems. They dont care. Host that is calvin in auburn, georgia. Is the federal government fighting that there are fewer landlords wanting to take section eight vouchers . Is there any concern about not having enough to fill the vouchers they have . Guest the limitations on the program are set by the amounts of money given by washington to pay for these vouchers. It is not the availability of landlords. In fact, there are a lot of landlords in many communities who are effectively slumlords who love to participate in the section eight program, and are quite happy to use that as an income source. In some cases these Fair Market Rents mean that they are getting paid even more advanced than if they would put those properties on the actual market. There are quite a lot of landlords, but the question is if there are landlords and middle income communities. Are the landlord to are willing to do this in areas with section eight vouchers are traditionally not located. That is really the question. Host a viewer puts it this way on our twitter feed Welfare Benefits was policy designed to help poor, but now chazen segregates generations of minorities. Your recent story says the obama mr. Show is set to unveil major new rules targeting segregation across the u. S. Guest the obama mr. Show has basically said that you have this responsibility to actively desegregate your communities and promote and aggression. When they say that, theyre talking about a whole lot of things building Affordable Housing committees where you have not built them in the past, looking at whether or not low income families live near transit stops or have access to jobs. Are you helping voucher holders tried to find their way into higher Opportunity Communities . Part of the hope too is that if this program has traditionally contributed to concentrating probably because voucher holders tend to live in certain areas what would happen if we made it easier for them to be dispersed around communities . What some of the challenges be broken up and set of having all but her holders and one block, having them in 80 neighborhoods around the city . Host what is the effort anndd how long will take the obama mr. Should to change this program that has been around for so long . Guest the effort that the Obama Administration wants to get done is larger than this one program. It is about how you structure transportation networks, etc. Local communities have to produce reports every 35 years for the federal government saying, we have looked at our segregation patterns, this is what they look like, this is what we want to do about it. Hud will follow up and say did you follow through with your goals . Hud is not telling local communities, you need to be deploying your vouchers differently, but doing Something Different with your Voucher Program is something that the community can do to promote an ignition. I think that is likely one of the things that we will see communities doing. Host likely an effort that will happen long past the Obama Administration as well. Guest absolutely. The Obama Administration is trying to correct what has been a flaw in how the Fair Housing Act has been enforced. These housing patterns have been built over decades and decades. It will take quite a long time to break them up. Breaking up both segregation by race and also segregation by income, which is what we are primarily talking about. Host lets go to georgia where armand is waiting. Caller look, meet and my wife me and my wife had plans to buy this house and live in it and retire on disability. What it is of happening is every house on the other side of the road has been bought out by investors and put on the atlanta Housing Authority. They are being lifted by people on housing vouchers. I promise you. Every house is being lived in by people they become neighbors from hades. Bmi was our white. We are not prejudiced, but we have people calling is why white crackers and honkies. Host are you saying that you are concerned that the housing vouchers are lowering your Property Income . Caller oh, yeah. The same house is worth 30,000 because of the event the housing vouchers. Guest one of the things that this new from the Obama Administration decided to do is say to atlanta, what is going on that you have all of your housing vouchers clustered in this one community . Wises program continuing to concentrate poverty went one of the goals is to deconcentrate poverty . The idea is that it would force communities to Pay Attention to matters like the one the caller is describing. It is an unfortunate reality that this program, which was designed to give people opportunities to live anywhere it ends up giving people the opportunity to live in a few places and concentrates all of the low income people in those places. Theres a whole cascading set of negative consequences that happened because in reality these soldiers are not used openly on the market anywhere. Sometimes that is because they are predatory landlords that will buy properties and say that they will make a lot of money being a section a landlord. Host lets go to clearwater florida where debbie is waiting. Caller good morning. I was on section eight and my brother took me off in 2011. I would like to know because i went into a nursing home, i got sick i would like to know, when can i get back on Jekyll Island living on a fixed income, paying market rent, and it is hard for me to do anything. Guest in a situation like that if you had a voucher in the past and you lost the voucher or give up your voucher, or all of a sudden you earn more income see did not qualify for it, if you want to get back on the program, you have to apply and get all the way back on the end of the line, probably get on a waiting list. If you have benefited from this in the past and youre not making right now and you need to benefit from it again, you have to go through this whole process all over again. Host wanda is on the life or the housing voucher recipients in north carolina. Good morning. Caller good morning, cspan. I am calling on section eight. Im 73 and i live in a renovated school that was set up for seniors, 65 and older. We had a real strict program on our section eight. When you are accepted for section eight, you have to spend a whole day at the Housing Authority going through all their rules and regulations. At my place, if you want someone to come and visit, they are only allowed to stay seven days, unless the management gives special permission for longer. If you stay longer than that then you have to go on believe leave, your bet would change rent would change. There really strict about it. You get and asked action an inspection once a year. They come in our apartments and check them out. We have to get recertified. We get and sections on that. I dont understand how the people just get somebody to move in and dont have issues with it. You can get by with a here. Weve had people that had to move in. If you move some of it and they stay here, you can get elevated. Conevicted. It is a wonderful place to live especially for seniors. My problem is like the gentleman who called about the electric bill. Old school that is renovated, it is declared a historical building. Old windows had to stay in. Our power bills are between 200 300, and im in a onebedroom, and i am very frugal about everything because i have a lot of medical issues. I have to watch every penny because i never know when something will happen. The power bills are sometimes as high as the rent. Host thank you for telling us about your situation. Emily badger, i will let you comment. Guest one of the things the all of these scholars have pointed out is that there is tremendous variability between depending on which Community Live in what the Public Housing agency does. The rules about what your orientation looks like, if you get a voucher, what classes you have to go to, what are the rules that are established for exactly what you can and cannot do as a tenant. These are things determine and enforced at the local level. The federal government c