Very knowledgeable and sweet man. But oddly, was very different than bill. He and his other brother were very similar. James was almost from a different family, which is probably why he was a successful politician. Brian before we run completely out of time, whats next . Robert might be next documentary, might be next book. Someone is interested in my stacks record book. It might turn into something. Brian you did an oscarwinning 20 feet from starting on . Was that just you 20 feet from stardom. With that issue . Morgan i have a feature coming out with yoyo ma area we will premiere in the fall. Brian our guests have been Morgan Neville who lives in los angeles and has done a lot of documentaries with our other guest who lives in memphis. We thank you for bringing us the best of enemies. For free transcripts, or to give us your comments about this program, visit us at q a. Org. If you like tonights q a, here are some others you might enjoy. Christopher hitchens discussing his life and work. Former speechwriter ray price talking about his time with the nixon administration. And his role in preparing nixon for a series of interviews with with journalist david frost after resigning the presidency. You can find them online at www. Cspan. Org. Monday on the communicators, Michael Orielly on key issues before the fcc like Net Neutrality and public influence on policymaking. An item is presented to the commissioner and the document should be made available publicly. It would provide an opportunity for everyone to comment. It allows people to hone in on issues that may be problematic. Right now, we have people raising concerns regarding items, but often do not know what is being proposed. They are doing rifle shots through scattered structures. That is problematic, in my view. I would rather people not have to spend time on things that do not need attention. Monday night on the communicators, on cspan2. The british house of commons is in recess. Prime ministers questions will not be shown tonight. Instead, a hearing with Philip Hammond. Then a debate in the senate over funding to highway and mass transit programs. Then the ugandan president talks about relations during his recent visit to the u. S. Shortly before the British Parliament recessed for the summer, foreign secretary Philip Hammond addressed a council on topics such as the iran nuclear agreement. He spoke about a recent meeting he had with israeli Prime Minister benjamin netanyahu, who has voiced opposition to the iran deal. This is just over an hour. Hon. Member order. Session. Thank you for making yourself available to be the first witness and we would invite you to layout your view of the state of the world in britain and pretend interest said the session we are also very grateful for you to come back again in september. It is a pleasure to be here today and to come back and have a full session in september and i appreciate the Committee Just being appointed to command my congratulations to you on your election and to all members on the appointment. Our longterm strategic interest lies in strengthening the rulesbased International System in the foreignpolicy objectives to strengthen. To do that, we have to draw the major emerging powers to show them that it is in their interest to work with the system then delete code then we have to look eventually and this might be a longterm project that eventually two draw russia back into the rulesbased. Over the next five years i have no doubt that our priorities are going to be the renegotiation of the leadership in the European Union the defeat of the military expression of the violent extremist and then continuing to undermine the narrative of the violent extremism and the challenge of responding to russias aggressive stance towards the International Community and its major program. For those things the committee is aware of the process and set out the broad areas of concern that he believes reform is necessary incidentally not only in britains interest but in the interest of making the eu competitive, accountable, relevant to the citizens at the European Council and since then we have agreed with the european colleagues that there would be an official Level Working Group looking at some of the potential routes for resolving the issues identified looking at the legal constraints of the opportunities in that process will continue and we will continue our engagement in the counterparts. I am pleased to be able to tell the committee that all 27 Member States have told me clearly and categorically that they want them to remain a part of the European Union and some have gone much further and said that a European Union without pretend wouldnt be anything recognizable and they are prepared to work to try to ensure that the changes are made that would be necessary if britain is going to be able to remain inside of the European Union. And that is the key because we set up a test not only in the room with politicians but the referendum where the british people will make the ultimate decision. Our partners in europe know that the more they come up with the package of the reform that is a great has to be enough to satisfy the demand of the british people for change in the strong sense that the European Union into the european project has changed dramatically since they last made a democratic decision and 75 and in many peoples view and offer the better so its about resetting the bios without it better represents what people expect to see and that is a focus on economic delivery growth, jobs, the prosperity and defending the Living Standards and if they can show that they are organized to do that, if a capital offense to the people not only in britain but the people of all 28 countries of the European Union. You know chairman and chairman keeping britain safe is always the first duty of any government and the immediate major challenge that we face is whether we are talking about the ungoverned spaces in the middle east and whether we are talking about a the lone wolf attacks inspired by the online propaganda. They remain the key to tackling this challenge and the Prime Minister described it as a generational struggle. The military defeat in iraq and syria will take the undermining and another ministers speech yesterday outlining to reinforce the British Values to make sure people feel empowered to speak up for British Values and to combat not only terrorism and expressions of that extremism but to combat the extremist ideology itself because it creates the ground in which violence and terrorism can take root. In addressing the challenge of the islamist extremism correctly represented if we defeat them with no delusions there will be other manifestations in the extremism in the future. But why do we take on the challenge that challenge we must not forget and we must not sacrifice our ability to respond to a more conventional statebased threats to the security and russia is a we have to remember what it is and isnt. Its a Major Nuclear power that has a very large armed force, but it has a smaller economy than the economy of the United Kingdom and has a declining population and an aging population and it has an economy that is severely structurally imbalanced with a huge dependence on primary export and huge state influence over the operation of the economy. Thats the one. In blending the offensive capabilities and technologies into conventional capabilities, and creating a full spectrum offense capability, using deniable proxies to fight their wars for them empowered by deniable cyber operations. Where at least there was a bureau to be consulted in some sense. That means it is a power that can make decisions effectively. It can respond very rapidly to a changing situation. You can explore opportunities rapidly. We as a nation and part of the western alliance at nato have to think about the challenge of a relatively cumbersome decisionmaking process and a much broader need to get buyin for any course of actions. Media opinion, public opinion, civil society, in 28 countries across nato. As opposed to a single point of decisionmaking in russia. This is a big challenge for us. It is a challenge of thinking outside the box and responding to russias approach to warfare. Hon. Member meanwhile, the prosperity agenda must remain at the heart of our work and diplomacy. Mr. Hammond the Prime Minister and chancellor have said many times that you cannot be a strong country unless you have a Strong Defense and Strong Economy to underpin it. The Foreign Office is an important part of the agenda. I have said many times and i will say again today that the role of the Foreign Office, paid for as it is by british taxpayers, must be to protect britains security, promote britains prosperity, and project britains values across the world. If we do those things successfully, we will deliver our promise to the taxpayers who want us. Fund us. We want to be a major player on the world stage. The Prime Minister has signaled clearly we will not be in retreat that continue our role in supporting our allies prosperity. That means rebuilding the Foreign Office, and activity my predecessor started. Ensuring Foreign Policy is made. The professional skills of diplomacy, reopening the Foreign Office school, ensuring that resources are aligned with our expected priorities. I think we can see some of the benefits coming through and will play a role in resolving some of the major crises we face most recently. From the vienna talks to the Iranian Nuclear deal. We have in the u. K. , unrivaled resources at our disposal. We are p5 members, world leading intelligence agencies. Assets at our disposal through the office of language and culture that have an unrivaled position. We have a world leading development program. We are members of the eu, nato, the commonwealth. All of these give britain an opportunity to play a significant role for the good of the world. In the moral sense and in the sense of protecting our National Interests. Protecting National Interest and especially with the way the gun is starting today and they will be able to deliver further efficiencies. I do not think that savings on the scale are indicated by the fiscal trajectory can be delivered simply by carrying across it i think we have to look to make some Strategic Decisions on where we need to focus and where we have to downgrade and for me, personally, the crown jewel of Foreign Offices capability is the network of International Platforms and missions around the world and we must seek to protect that sharpen presence in addressing the need for further efficiencies and we will look to do that over the coming months. In that context i think that we should note that the response to the atrocity and the earthquake in nepal have been increasing expectations that people have in the investment that we are making in the services and Crisis Response is very important and we are pleased with the way that the crisis capability responded in the we always look to the lessons. And finally, what has changed between the last government and this government . Well, the governments priorities will have changed a little bit and some of the ambitions that were tempered in the previous government will now come forward. Renegotiation of our membership of the European Union will be a key priority and would not have been able to be in correlation and we have the legislation necessary to do that it is something that wants to be seen as a reliable and consistent capable ally and that includes delivering these objectives maintaining and promoting prosperity and protecting our values. Thank you so much thank you indeed. Picking up this from your predecessor. Do you think the odds have yet achieved this in a Strong Enough role as they are reenergizing. No, i think it is a work in progress and the architecture since 2010 with the creation of the National Security council and secretary at makes it more complex and i think the arrangements are working well. But the Foreign Office is focusing resources and effort on rebuilding the core capabilities consistently showing that we have the capabilities. [inaudible] affecting the Foreign Office capacity. Since you are working in trying to improve the capacity of the office, perhaps could share the challenge that we have been invited to take on by the treasury. [inaudible] it should be regarded as but it is clear as the departments collectively will have to make some substantial savings doubledigit percentage savings and in the case of the Foreign Office we do make use with activities with older budgets which are protected and which will grow. And it is continuing to grow as projected. The chancellor has also created some additional protective funds around counterterrorism and security activities and the Foreign Office also plays a role, albeit a relatively small one. [inaudible] overseas, your budget is part of this . Yes. I am delighted that the budget is now protected as you would expect. But not only that but there is no doubt in my mind that the most important measure is our willingness to invest in our defense. So although we have the privileges and protections the benefit and projecting this policy will be definitely felt in the Foreign Office. But i dont want to detract that this will require further spending reductions i could be very challenging, as we said earlier. And theyre are all areas of activity, i think that we have to make some clear evidencebased decisions about what is the core value as far as we can deliver. And it is the Foreign Network that really has a presence around the globe and that includes any of our partners apart from the united states, and we want to preserve that and we want to preserve the capability of it as well as the Numerical Strength of it. [inaudible] this abounds what you intend to stand back. [inaudible] yes i think that the written statement is printing out what we intend to do. The intention and it should not be in as a cutback the intention is to make what is to come a lengthy document which includes a lot of material that is available elsewhere with this document and we have published a statement about our intentions in this regard. [inaudible] i would ask you how were we how are we going to hold you accountable. Especially those with particular interest in the subject. I understand that. My own take would be that what one gets is a very long text repeating most of what was in the previous editions previous long text and you can see where there are these differences. And what we are going to try to do is reduce the volume of material and get more to the point drawing peoples attention to the issues that need to have attention drawn to them. Trying out the conclusions about what is going on. [inaudible] and we want this to be a document that is not only used by a small group of very committed ngos and experts, but its much more accessible to people who are more generally interested in the issues and the countries. Human rights have been a continuous issue every year in whatever form that you have produced. Thank you. My question is what is going on with the department. [inaudible] and we often have to plan to see what is more effective. And we are going to try to expand the budget so we can have more dependency and alleviation of problems. I think that as the world has gotten more complex and the challenges we have been facing has become less clearcut and we knew where everybody stood, terrorism was a domestic issue. And what it demands is a much more nuanced response. And i would not expect the military capability has become less and when. I think the nature we need to be able to deploy is changing and i think that the distinction between military capabilities and Intelligence Agency capabilities on what we do in Capacity Building throughout Development Budgets and programs, it is becoming more blurred and i think that a lot more joined up government is required to deliver this program then what was the case years ago, we created a National Security council in 2010 and in response to this emerging trend that definitely gives us the ability to flex budgets across the whole spectrum from respecting the restrictions that there are at one end and the reflecting of what money can be used for the other one. And this includes a ceo budget across the spectrum in different countries. And there is not always want to work with. There are other countries where diplomatic efforts where we have a fragile but functioning government were working through diplomatic channels and providing Technical Support to build capacity is the most effective way we can advance britains agenda. Its about having a proper balance and using our budget flexibly, which is absolutely the way we approach these National Security councils. Thank you very much. We really like to hear in your words this multipronged approach what is the multipronged approach. They leave on our relations with foreign governments and if we start in iraq we have to encourage them to adopt the policy stance that we think will be conducive to longterm stability and we were with those and then they will able to reach to try to rally that constituency in support of what the government is doing. Beyond iraq and syria, working with governments and working to resolve situations where there is ungoverned space is a key Foreign Office role. We are working on the one hand with tunisians, to ensure they are building the capacities to respond to the challenge their fragile democracy is facing. On the other hand, supporting the u. N. , the process in libya for example, in the hopes we will see the emergence of a government we can work with in syria to secure equities. Hon. Member thank you. What can we do to bring about a more active contribution . What i am getting at is, the military response is only one part. The longterm solution is about the host community, the sunniarab community. They need to be brought on board. That needs the cooperation of regional allies. Foreign minister zarif said the iran deal brings about an opportunity for International Corporation cooperation. Secretary kerry was concerned about the Supreme Leader being opposed to american policy in the region. What more can we do to bring about saudi arabia, turkey, to play more positive roles . The military should be under the control of Prime Minister abadi but they are not. How do you see our role developing in that space, to bring about the cooperation . Mr. Hammond if you are talking specifically about iraq i would agree the iranian deal creates the possibility of opening up a constructive dialogue which would be important in the context of what happens in iran. We cannot bank on that yet. Realistically, we have to accept the possibility in the short term of an Iranian Nuclear deal which does not find favor with all hardline factions in iran. That may be a spike in iranian unhelpful activity around the region. In the mediumterm, there is reason to be cautiously optimistic that, as iran starts to see the benefits from the International Community, it will start to feel like a place that has more of a state in the region and in the world. There are many countries in the world that have instincts to do things in their region or more widely, which are not necessarily helpful. Those are sometimes tempered by a recognition of selfinterest instability. For example, the more International Trade, the less likely you are to see trade routes disrupted. There is reason for cautious optimism. We will be looking for every opportunity to gently nudge iran towards some kind of dialogue. We are expecting them not expecting them to embrace each other enthusiastically, but to realize that while they have substantial differences there are some areas we have been able to Work Together on for the iran nuclear file. Our interests align. We work constructively and pragmatically on the front. Hon. Member a further question on the. That. We want to record our congratulations on the iran deal. Both to you and phil simon for the role the office played over a very long time on that. It is a very good start to the diplomatic achievements. Daniel . Mr. Hammond can i say it is not just the department but phil simon personally who submitted himself to more office work you would normally be prepared to tolerate. He played a really Important Role in the team. Hon. Member thank you. Coming off the question of iran i would like to associate myself with the chairman. The United Kingdom has played a unique role in bringing about this agreement. You and your officials need to be congratulated on that. Having secured greater engagement with iran, what are their perceptions on the spread of isis in iraq . What chances are there, if i can press you of engaging i can iran to take the organizations on . Mr. Hammond the one thing we can say without fear of contradiction is iran shares our concern, to put it mildly, about isil. They see them as an enemy which needs to be eradicated. We have a clear alignment of interests. We have many areas where our interests are not aligned. The trick is to make sure we can Work Together to achieve a Common Objective while respecting the fact there will be many other areas where we remain in dispute. This does require some change in the way iran in gauges with the International Community if that is going to work. But i have no doubt there will be people in iran who are looking to ensure that, while the consequences are we are collectively more effective in military response sorry. Did you want to Say Something . I was talking to the iran Prime Minister, and he corrected me slightly when we said we had common interests. He said we had common challenges. I think that is a good way of putting it. Our interests in the region are substantially different. The approach iran is likely to take it is unlikely to be the same approach we would take in several respects. I think the chair has referred to the control of shia militias, for example. There is some potential for increasing our dialogue to find areas of commonality. But we will always need to work carefully with iran. I did not see any chance of becoming great friends. Hon. Member with the prosperity agenda, what will be the signal to British Companies for actively seeking contracts in iran with regards to growth exploration . As somebody who represents a midlands seat, it was a Midlands Company that actually helped the iranians build their first car decades ago. There are opportunities for british firms. At this stage what is your device to British Companies . British companies will have noted clearly that the agreement will lead to the gradual relaxation of sanctions. As important, the release of iranian frozen assets. Iran will not only get the benefit of a regular cash flow from engaging in International Trade but will also have 150 billion released to it. Mr. Simon is briefing a u. K. Seminar on friday on opportunities for british business. Our European Partners are already revving up to engage. The chancellor and business secretary are at one on this that u. K. Businesses will be up there with the best in seeking to be able to meet the requirements that iran has for committed imports and to look at irans investment potential as the market opens up. I am not sure it is going to be as much in the short term about exploration in the private sector, but about renewing infrastructure to maintain production levels. There is a lot of aging infrastructure and technology. Technology has moved along during the period iran has been under sanctions. We would sit expect a significant amount of capital investment. We will return to whether a gentle nudge is an adequate response. And develop a policy to put us in a place to defeat dash. Mr. Hammond just one word on that. I do not think it would be helpful for us to go in with a sense that we are banging heads. You and you, who will not sit down and talk. It has to be more tolerant. It has to be about helping each side see where there may be limited areas where they can Work Together. I am not a great believer in the grand bargain. That is unlikely to be productive. There will be some areas where people have quite significant differences but nonetheless have a channel of communication which delivers practical benefits to both sides. Hon. Member we are going to return shortly with some detail in the next parliamentary session. Hon. Member i think the government made it clear that they want military personnel in syria and airstrikes. If we have a strategy, it is not having much effect. It is disrupting their funding their business. But the problem is social media. That is before we even get into iraq. We need to make significant progress and have a more significant relationship with the kurds. All that aside, can you tell us what you hope to achieve from participation by u. K. Aircraft . Given that our tradition would contribution would be limited compared to the americans. The effect of air campaigns without military forces is unlikely to succeed. Mr. Hammond the key is seeing iraq and syria as a single theater. We have a limited set of permissions with an artificial border. As far as the enemy is concerned, there is no borderline on the iraqsyria border. We are offering operating on one side of it with lethal strikes and another offering reconnaissance only. On any logical assessment that is militarily inefficient syria is operating unarmed. It has to task other assets belonging to other Coalition Partners to make the effective strikes, if that is what is required. The simple efficiency logic of not being able to conduct operations across both theaters, i think, more importantly, it is difficult to see how dash will be effectively, militarily defeated without being defeated in its home base. This fight eventually has to go over the iraqi border into syria. At the moment, u. K. Permissions are limited to iraq. Hon. Member with respect, home secretary, it is a slightly artificial answer. Without Ground Forces, we do not really expect to defeat dash through Ground Forces alone airstrikes alone. Mr. Hammond there are Ground Forces being built by the peshmerga. The various shia militias are playing a role in the battle. I am not suggesting we have an optimally configured set of Ground Forces in the region, but i am equally clear that injecting boots on the ground would not be the solution. It would not deliver us a solution. Hon. Member we are confining our remarks to syria, not iran when it comes to military intervention. Can i move us on, if i may . Hon. Member what kind of longterm analysis is being done for what you hope to achieve with airstrikes . You mentioned Ground Forces, and we are talking about syria. What of the lessons we have had is about planning afterwards. What is the analysis for the situation after the next strikes . Mr. Hammond the overall plan in syria remains to see a political transition in the regime to a government which has legitimacy and can take the fight to dash. That is the outcome. It is not going to be easy, we recognize that. In the meantime, it is easy to challenge the efficacy of airstrikes. I do not think anyone, certainly in relation to this campaign, has suggested that airstrikes alone can finish off the enemy. They cannot. But if you remember where we were last year, i sold was isil was speeding towards baghdad and were stopped. They had a cellular structure rather than a Convention Area conventional military force. There is no doubt that airstrikes have degraded their military capability and prevented them from carrying out planned on atrocities. Its also the graded their infrastructure and had a debilitating effect on their occupation of the territory. That is not the same as saying if we do more airstrikes, they will eventually surrender. Of course, they will not. Nobody believes airstrikes alone could destroy isil on the ground. I do not think any sensible military commander would be prepared to clear the ground without a Solid Campaign of aerial degradation before the boots on the ground went in. Hon. Member quickly, when you talk about boots on the ground in syria, whose boots on the ground are you talking about in syria . We have a longterm strategy to train and equip a moderate syrian opposition. I will be the first to recognize that is proving a painstaking process. But that has to be the way that we go. There are a few different dynamics. The battle between islamic fundamentalists and others and isil and the regime. We have always been clear that what we must not do in syria what we do not look for in syria, is to repeat mistakes made in iran of dismantling the entire structure and leaving nothing in its place, leaving a void. Hon. Member if the regime collapses, isnt that precisely with the effect would be . Mr. Hammond it depends on what you mean by a collapse. If there is a regime collapse that is not the desired outcome. The desired outcome is political change at the top of the regime to create a situation where the basic infrastructure of the state can be preserved with a political legitimacy that is shared by all the major groups competing. Hon. Member isnt the position around assad that the institutions of the regime would collapse, leaving a void making taking on isil worse than today . Mr. Hammond our political strategy is to work with other players, including the russians and, hopefully increasingly, the iranians, to find a solution that allows a transition from existing leadership to new leadership. And eventually a transition to a Democratic Syria where regime has legitimacy. That is much preferred to a collapse of the regime. I recognize the pressure they are under, there is a risk of Something Else happening. That is our desired outcome. But clearly, the regime is under pressure in a significant number of areas. Hon. Member so sorry. We are short for time. Hon. Member i wonder if the u. K. Could be doing more to help Kurdish Forces in iraq and syria. Attached to that you were asked about the kurdish peshmerga, who were able to assist. Didnt we fail to assist them . Mr. Hammond i think that is a little harsh. Last summer, we delivered a considerable operation designed to rescue the asides stranded on mount sindra. We intervened where we saw a specific intervention. You have asked about the ysidi women who have been captured by a isil. Im sorry to say that we have little clarity about what has happened to them. From what we know, we cannot be optimistic they are safe. We know many women who have been captured have been effectively enslaved abused, and maybe killed. Hon. Member can we do more to use the military capacity of the peshmerga in syria . Mr. Hammond just to be clear, we do not control the peshmerga. There are very clear about what they will and will not to. We see the peshmerga primarily as a force for defending kurdish territory and liberating kurdish populations. What they are prepared to do beyond that is subject to the wider objectives of the government of iraq. The liberation of syria is limited. We have good relations with them, but they are quite frank about limits on what activity they are prepared to engage in. Hon. Member i want to turn to i think we may have time to open it up to questions from colleagues. Hon. Member on the 26th of june it did not lead to restrictions on travel. You changed the positions on the ninth of july. Can you tell us the reason . Mr. Hammond intelligence. As we embedded more people with tunisian authorities, and as they uncovered more of the picture around the attack, the picture we developed made us more concerned that a further attack targeting western interests was likely. Hon. Member who took that decision . Was it the Security CouncilForeign Office . Mr. Hammond i took the decision to change travel advice. In the Foreign Office, on any sensitive piece of travel advice, i take authority. In this case, i did discuss it with the Prime Minister. Because we were very conscious of the fact this would have Significant Impact on the tunisian country. We made it clear we want to support tunisia in every way possible, but we have to put the safety of our citizens as our number one priority. Hon. Member i understand. But of the European Countries with their own people in tunisia, they have not taken the same position. There are still tourists from france and germany in tunisia. Why did we think we had intelligence that gave us the view to evacuate british people . Why did we take this view when other countries dont . Mr. Hammond another a number of other countries have changed their travel advice. I know sweden has changed their advice. The simple answer is the germans, the other country with a significant amount of tourists traveling to tunisia, had a team that arrived only yesterday to start doing the work we started doing in the immediate aftermath of the attack. We developed a picture very clearly. Our experts, through the joint committee, have looked at the threats. And we get regular updates on the threat venture picture. We have to look at the scale the mitigation in this place and we have to make a judgment on whether or not we can continue to advise tourists it is sensible to travel to a particular destination. The position we have taken it is not safe at the present time. We hope the action the tunisian government is taking to deal with the networks behind the attack the action they are taking to reinforce security, will reverse the decision in due course. Hon. Member the government is publicly and privately disappointed by the decision. Is that correct . In brussels. He was invited to the Foreign Affairs council in brussels. I have to say that the Prime Minister very graciously said yesterday that he recognized what we have to do any respect the decision that we had made. Theyre trying to great that the additions conditions. At the working level and security and intelligence agencies. We found a willing to engaged with our experts and keen. Have you given any consideration to try to help them . Yes. At different levels. It is to help them with that investigation, but also to help them build the capacity more generally to ensure that the interrogation process is fully compliant with human rights requirement, which in turn enables us to share intelligence with them. We have undertaken some of the sophisticated assets to gather intelligence that would be of use in the ongoing investigation. Abused and we are also working on a package of this recognizing that the tunisian economy has been significantly impacted and i think that they announced yesterday that they are working toward temporary increases to the eu which will provide an immediate and welcome relief to the tunisian Exchange Challenges [inaudible] its part of the discussions of you have had in regards to some of these. [inaudible] president obama as well. How do you deal that israel could be made to be persuaded to be constructed and how do you feel as well that the International Community should say that its gotten international combination. I think they have heard that last message including this, this government is a friend of israel and we are a staunch supporter of the ride to defend themselves. That we are also understanding that what they are doing is unacceptable. And we have consistently asked them to engage with the needs of the population in a much more proactive way and yes, i went to israel last thursday and got a clear and didnt message and the Prime Minister was not please with this in vienna. I suggested that there was no ballistically deliverable nuclear deal that they would not have endorsed. And so i think that the reality is that there is a last chance of derailing the steel by lobbying action in the u. S. So as long as we are in that 60 day window congress has to consider the deal and i think that you will see his real maintaining this position and lobbying very aggressively mainly in the u. S. And also elsewhere. Once that fails, i would expect them as they usually do to be pragmatic and to engage to try to make the best and that means making sure that the commitment they have entered into and then that delivery is properly enforced and i hope in time we can persuade the israelis the possibility of a dividend and this can be partisan. I fully understand the israelis are skeptical about this. They see this and they repeatedly denied that israel has a right to exist which funds organized terrorist organizations that would attack israel and israeli systems and interest bear and i said to the Prime Minister that frankly. [inaudible] which we have been practicing for the last decade has not delivered a cessation of that iranian behavior and going on doing more of it is expecting to get a different result, it is frankly not good to happen. We need to do Something Different and we need to be prepared to take a little bit of risk in engaging more with them to see if we can in this interest to moderate in the region. Enqueue for your initial remarks. The Foreign Affairs situation you mentioned the eu extensively and you said that the partners would feel it would be unrecognizable and we dont need to be fundamentally challenged and surely that should be an encouragement to be bold about the changes in the type of changes that we want. That is my first question. The second question is i dont think the common lump is mentioned once in these remarks replacing it, putting it back. Are there issues that need to be addressed as well remap. The record will show that i did mention the commonwealth in my remarks and that was one of the overlapping circles they gave us a unique footprint in the world. And as we head to the government meeting this year in the election of a new secretary general of the commonwealth this is an important moment to think about this and restating the purpose in the direction of the commonwealth going for it. It is an organization in my view in need of some attention and it operates in this environment for organization and it is unique among them and i think it is arguable that in some respects its a proper directional course. Among the eu agenda all of the department in europe have expressed a desire that britain remain a part of the European Union. Some said the European Union would be unrecognizable if britain were not a part of it. That i think is a reflection of what in their eyes is written britains role in keeping the eu focused on free trade and open market and outward looking agenda. An important part of our report prediction is making sure that Going Forward in the eu is just that. It doesnt succumb to to the temptation. Focused on how to protect. Social models. The competitive in the globalizing economy. That has been among challenge for the European Union. That is at the heart of the renegotiations and restatements. Objectives of the union union that we are seeking. Of course on the absolutely important part of our agenda small in number and population but a very solemn obligation and commitment that we have filled out in the white paper