Chemoradiotherapy with a contact X-ray brachytherapy boost significantly increased clinical complete response and 3-year organ preservation rates in patients with early cT2-cT3 rectal adenocarcinoma, particularly tumors smaller than 3 cm. “The standard of care for rectal cT2 to cT3 adenocarcinoma is radical proctectomy by total mesorectal excision, sometimes preceded by neoadjuvant