There are moments that people take for granted. You refleck what you really dont have when you see what others have, especially down to family, i dont celebrate christmas often, because for me its a time of mourning, just trying to think what it really means not to have your mom or dad around or not to even have our siblings around. Kind of see whats going on, generally not sure the date i was born but not having people around to celebrate the moment. An institution never really can be home. I grew up in a family of six. I was around 5 years old. My mother was brutally murdered. We stayed in the hospital for a few months and then were taken o a childrens home. And ew the house mothers them were just employees. Touch is important. Someone to engage with. My mother touched me more than the staff. They would touch us, those who have been beaten and used to be woken up in the morning just by banging the door. In one of the workshops they were teaching us the best place for all children to be raised up is a home setting, a family. And i was shocked to hear one gentleman say growing up in a childrens home, what he hated most was the caregivers. And he said they took care of us not because they loved us ut because they were paid. Part of his life was shattered. He doesnt have a sense of belonging. That e first time i saw what they were thinking was the best for these children was actually something damaging. I had seen from my own eyes. Many people look at orphanages as the only option for abandoned children and for families struggling with poverty. Child Life Foundation started out as an orphanage itself, a baby home but research has shown they have a harmful effect. Children under the age of 3 who spend more than three months in an orphanage or any institution or care facility are likely to present at least one month delay in their development. Very small number of young people who are coming out of institutions are actually following through with secondary education and going to universities. They lack the very basic skills they need to function independently in the community. They do not have the skills to negotiate conflict. Theyre more likely to be victims of exploitation. There is research that shows 60 of the young women become single mothers and then in turn care using omb 9 11s in of their children. 10 years later i showed up in a institution and i couldnt talk about losing my identity. I really didnt know my name. It is not because orphanages are not trying to do the best that they can. But this environment in which you have one care worker to a ratio of 15, 20, sometimes 50 children cannot provide the nurturing environment that children need in order to grow, to develop, to fulfill their potential. And as a consequence, the Brain Development is truly affected. My biological father visited me once in the institution. It was around 8 or 10 years old. But when he visited the first year, i told him never to visit again or otherwise i would go back home with him. I wish wed made an effort to find some of our relatives, our siblings, just to feel like i belong somewhere. Between 80 and 90 of the children in orphanages globally have one or more parents, extended families, communities where theyre coming from. So children in orphanages are not orphaneded. The reasons behind the separation between them and their families are poverty, lack of access to basic Services Like health, education , disability, and many times discrimination. After leaving i really struggled, getting jobs is hard, just taking public transport, i had a problem, keeping up with a relationship becomes very hard for you. But the life brought me to being involved in Child Protection issues. And i chose to do a masters in Child Development because i really wanted to understand myself. The next challenge for me was how is this world to have happen and then god brought him the Child Foundation and started training us to start helping to deal with the problem at the grassroot than just dealing with it on the streets. What we do is, first of all, prevention. We want to make sure we can close the tap, stop children going into institutional care. We look for and support families that are vulnerable, families that are at risk and do strengthening and go through things like parenting support, income generation, support them with Skill Development but also give them access to education. If we cant do that, so if these children are growing up in orphanages, we look at reintegrating them. What our social team does is go out and trace. And it takes time. While were tracing, we place those children in foster care so theyre still in a family base setting. If there is no family and we cannot trace, weve tried our very best, then this child will go to a Government Panel, an independent panel that will review our documents and our tracing and we take another parent who is an adoptive parent who weve also assessed and checked and this Government Panel says yes, we agree for this child to be adopted and agree for this parent to adopt this child. Its an acknowledgement that children are individuals with hearts, with minds, with a present to the future. The fact that childhood really matters and we are tracing and we are the same but remove poverty from households down to the children. Strengthening our Community Service is the easier thing to do. So ensuring we have a good hospital, a good clinic, a good school, that we have services that encourage and support families to look after their children. Omb 9 11s are very expensive solution because they require an infrastructure, they require a lot of stuff. You buy everything in bulk. You have to run a kitchen. About a quarter billion u. S. Zhrars come into uganda to keep children in orphanages. Think what we can do by reinvesting those sources in families and we would start to work to develop a Child Protection and care system that relies on strengthening families, coordinating efforts and ensuring high quality care for those children who need a family base alternative. At u. B. S. Opt make foundation we treat philanthropic to Financial Investment with the same rigor and demands to make sure every dollar which is vitally important go towards driving sustained, lasting impact. Were fortunate to have u. B. S. And the opt make op Tima Foundation supporting us and understand why its important to strengthen families. And it doesnt just start now. Optima brought a couple philanthropists and met the families and even gave us ideas how to skill them up in business. What is really needed is one to inform donors that their generosity can be transferred from funding omb 9 11s to strengthening community structures. Number two we need to work with governments around the world so they also understand when they receive this money they so tunnel it into their social protection services. The work aims to demonstrate how orphanages can replace themselves with other services that are open to the community and do not provide the type of care that we know damages children. We already have that building. One side of the building will be uncropped and the other side is for welding and we will have a class for computer training. There are many other ideas that will come through interacting with open hopes for children and c. I. F. But not again keeping children here full time. In our future economy, the nations strength will be in the minds of its people. We believe that investing in children is the single best investment of government or a philanthropist can do, its by making those children happy, healthy, educated, and pathetic individuals they can build a strong and Stable Society that can grow their countries and economies out of poverty. Tomorrow i see when i close my eyes is to see these children happy, something they have lacked for many years here in my africa. Who can relate with children in the neighborhood, who want to that d run in the rain, use the soil. Its a breath tomorrow and in the right direction. Every child has someone to really my and papa, not seeing a generation of second class children who asked them what they want, to be like everyone else in a family, in a community. It was started in 1939. When i came here i thought we had difficulties. Most children had anemia, alaria, pneumonia. They could not give all the children milk. The government supported us with things like food, accommodation, it was on me. One of the workers was taken to training to improve and to take care of the house. , we have children taking milk every day and improve their health. Some children passed on because of nutrition but last year we sell some milk. They will use that money for buying other food and theres very much improvement now because were giving them a balanced diet. Im not worried. These children are going to get cows milk. I take care of them. I speaking foreign language] in the communities, theyll get married at 10 to 14. Ll men are granted this was no reason to send her to school. But sent them to marry. Elsewhere the girls are not ready to be married. The girl turns out to have complications. That can hurt her for life. The girls go out to work to help the parents at home to feed the house. Shes the one that helps the mother with all the house work, taking care of younger siblings and the rest which tend to deprive her. As a woman i was once a girl and i had the opportunity to go to school. I got married at the age of 20 and when i got married, i was ready for my marriage and it did not stop me from going to school. So thats why were encouraging parents to allow girls to go to school. [speaking foreign language] its very, very important for a girl to get education because in every society and every community, the girl gets the education, thats life. Because any educated girl will ensure her own children go to school. They are our leaders of tomorrow. If you dont, youre not developing your country. Speaking foreign language] its really hard to believe in this day and age there are 130 Million Girls out of school and theyre out of school for a variety of reasons. We have girls who are not in school because of Economic Issues and they have to work. Weve got girls who are not in school because of war and conflict. And theres also the fact that governments are not spending the kind of money they need to spend to get girls and keep girls in schools. And if we continue to have girls stay out of school, what were doing is were shortchanging that country from potential take they would otherwise have. At the malallah fund we help girls stay in school. I am 20 years old. I am here in nigeria. I want to visit girls and meet them and hear their stories and then share them. When i got attacked, i realized the extremists tried their best to stop me and it failed which means im standing up for something really important and even that is supporting my god. We started this campaign, this mission to make sure every child around the world gets education and we started the fund. There are people in every country working hard and want to see changes. We stand together and fight for girls education. My name is crystal and im the Country Representative for he malallah fund in nigeria. So it is a Global Network where we choose specific Education Champions that will help with r global advocacy keas focusing on education. We have champions in nigeria, pakistan and afghanistan and the syria region. The malala fund we have a Partnership Approach to the work that we do. Were a fund. We invest in organizations that are local. In terms of making sure that you are working well and working effectively, partnerships are an absolute key. We want to work with a bank that has presence where we work. The fact the city is in nigeria and pakistan and india and jordan ensures were able to get funds to the people were working with on the ground. They work in countries that have a lot of conflict in wartorn regions and in most of those countries there arent other banks. Citibank is one of the only bank with an actual presence in one of these countries. The malalah fund would like to expand and expand particularly where girls are vulnerable. So to have a partnership with citi to allow us to go into these countries and expand can make a very big difference. [ [speaking foreign language] incentive for girls education, provide them with safe places, girls need encouragement and we provide them with literacy, life skills. There are issues which have to do with selfesteem, a girl being able to be confident, helping them to have voices to be able to express themselves. Most of the girls dont say no to marriage, especially to their parents. Sometimes we find them keeping quiet. When she is trained in life skills, she understands she has value and she understands that she can be able to say yes or no but in a way that will be accepted to the cultures and values of the community. [speaking foreign language] girls are like boys, they deserve education. It is their basic human rights. When you help youre protecting her from child labor, youre protecting the family from poverty in the long run because the girl is going to be able to answer for herself. Youre making her independent. Shes not going to have to rely on other people for her survival. Theres no many advantages when youre educated. You dont need to explain why education is important. Everyone should know it and be investing in it. On the one hand we do advocacy, and youve seen the importance of speaking to power and to having government understand that they have a responsibility, and so we take that role very seriously, that advocacy role. One of the other things we use to amplify the voices of these young girls, the girls in some cases never have been listened to before and to take their stories and elevate their oices. [speaking foreign language] if that resource is education in many countries it can benefit the girl and the community and the whole society. They want to become teachers, doctors, engineers, they want to become businesswomen and they have so many dreams and thats what makes me happy because i can see theres a Bright Future right in front of us. When girls go to school, were going to maximize their talents, their ideas, their passions. We could have a solution for Climate Change in that girl. That girl could be the next nobel peace prizewinner. [speaking foreign language] speaking foreign language] the girls, once educated, find out she will marry when shes ready and she will have is ready she er will marry. And know when her pile is ready to have them. And in my job, the satisfaction is exchanged and that has happened. I think if i die today, i will die a fulfilled person. Jonathan from new york city, for our viewers worldwide, i am Jonathan Ferro with 30 minutes dedicated to fixed income. This is bloomberg real yield. Jonathan coming up, payrolls beat expectations, but wage growth leaves economists disappointed once again. Municipal bond issuance explodes, on course for a record month as investors try to get ahead of a tax bill. And wall street pushes back, the first full junkbond deal of december. We start with the big issue, payrolls deliver, wage growth disappoints. Alan this is certainly a solid report. The topline number is spot on. The data is pretty solid