Transcripts For BLOOMBERG Charlie Rose 20171029

Appropriate Emergency Authority to fight the Opioid Crisis. This marks a critical step in confronting the extraordinary challenge that we face. Charlie the president s announcement fulfills a longtime combat opioid abuse, but falls short in declaring a state of emergency. Joining me from washington is Jenna Johnson, a reporter for the washington post. Im pleased to have her here on this program this evening. Jenna thank you for having me. Charlie tell me about the president and what he is attempting to do. Jenna he says he wants to help those who are already addicted and pretend more project were people from becoming addicted to opioids. By declaring the National Health emergency, he is getting some of the help or quickly to people. He is setting up medicine programs so that People Living in isolated towns can get treatment remotely. Theyre hoping to expand the number of treatment places, where those on medicaid can go and get treatments. They might make some grant money available through the department of labor for those who are addicted and need a job. Or those who are perhaps having trouble finding work because they have a criminal record. A lot of what is happening with this National Public Health Emergency is that they are trying to get help more quickly to people. One thing that is not yet happening with this is getting more money to the problem. There was not an awful lot of money that comes with a lot of these initiatives that he launched today. The white house is saying they Hope Congress will step up. Step up to dedicate millions more to this fight. Experts say it could cost tens of billions of dollars to to properly address this. Charlie there are reasons why he did not call it a National State of emergency. What are they . Jenna these are two different things, and he has a commission on this crisis. They said he could pick either one of these. If he had declared a national emergency, which is what he said he was going to do, that would be just like after a tornado for a hurricane. You have targeted areas that need help very quickly and they need a lot of money very quickly. Had he done that, certain states and certain areas would have been able to apply for federal disaster dollars. The white house is saying they did not think that let them do anything that they could not do with a Public Health emergency. So what they did is they did a Public Health emergency. This is what we did back in 2009. The Obama Administration did this with that influenza virus going around. Basically what this does is it , allows the department of health and Human Services to relax some of the regulation and to make an effort to get help out there more quickly. The white house says they picked this option because they thought that it better addressed the issue. Charlie what difference will it make that the president says Homeland Security and the Postal Service will prevent fentanyl from coming in from china . Jenna this is been a big issue. The white house and others are looking at how are these drugs coming into the country . Attics are getting them through a variety of ways. Getting them through a variety of ways. Sometimes they were legally prescribed and then sold on a black market. In other cases, they are coming in a legally into the country in illegally into the country in the mail. This is something already underway and has been underway for a while. Again, looking at every avenue possible, just trying to cut off the supply chains. Charlie the president had originally, tom marino was going to be the drug czar. Nominationdrawn his because of controversy developed with the Drug Enforcement agency. When do we expect the president to nominate another drug czar . Jenna they havent said yet. And remember that we are also without a Permanent Health secretary right now because tom price steps down. Those are very key positions. The white house said they are urgent spots that the president wants to fill, but they did not give us any indication as to when we could expect to see some nominees. Charlie what did the president what is the next step for the administration, for the federal government . Jenna money. This all comes down to money. A lot of advocates that we talked with today said the president can call this whatever kind of emergency he wants to call it. What we really need is more money. More money for treatment. More money to help people. Just more money. The white house is pointing to congress for that, saying theyre the ones who need to find that. So really that is what were all waiting to see what can happen. The initiatives can help make a little bit of progress on top of what already is being done, the but again, the people are saying they paid billions of dollars to really do the sweeping changes they want. Charlie when you look at the politics of this thing, how does it play . Jenna this is an issue that is impacting the entire country. A community is not that has not been affected by this Opioid Crisis. And pretty much anyone you talk to has someone they know who has dealt with this or perhaps has died of an overdose. This is especially hitting the states where the president won. We are very critical that were critical to his big win last year. It states on the east coast, like pennsylvania, in the midwest like ohio, indiana, a lot of these more Rural Communities that have seen jobs dry up, this is really hurting them. I talked people in small communities who say their local mortuary is having a hard time keeping up with all of the bodies that keep showing up. This is a death rate that small communities cannot keep up with. And it is young people who are supposed to be the future of these communities it is hurting communities. It is hurting Trump Country and the president s supporters. He is hearing from them and hearing that they want to take care of this problem. To follow through on his Campaign Promise to make this go away. Charlie jenna, thank you so much. Jenna of course, thank you for having me. Charlie Jenna Johnson from the washington post. Back in a moment. Charlie we continue our discussion with a distinguished panel of experts. From bethesda, maryland the , director of the National Institute on drug abuse at the National Institute of health. Addictionn, an medical physician and the former chief of addiction medicine. And with me in new york is the Vice President of the Eastside Service center. Im pleased to have each of them. So tell me where we are today. Weve spoken to what the president said. Tell me where we are today in terms of the Opioid Crisis and what is necessary, in your judgment to get our hands around , this. It is worse than it has ever been. I work for an agency in the city, the Lower East Side Service Center, that has been fighting this battle for the last 58 years. There was a time when he was when it was confined to areas in new york city like the Lower East Side and harlem and bad parts of brooklyn, but it has changed. Now that it has affected everyone, the affluent, the white, and in wonderful areas like long island and staten island, scarsdale. Charlie and as much in rural areas as urban areas. Peter exactly. It used to be confined to pockets of minorities, but it is not that way anymore. Things have changed. More people are using opioids today than ever before. The cdc said recently that 140 people overdose every day. Think about that. 140 people overdose every day. It is a complex problem. Charlie almost Everybody Knows somebody that has been a victim. Peter absolutely. You know, charlie, this is the thing people do not talk about. People do not talk about this because this is embarrassing, shameful. Nowadays, i cannot think ive been in the field for quite some time. I cannot think of anyone i talked to that isnt affected directly by this or indirectly through a friend, family member. I find that people are talking about it more than they have ever talked about it before. Charlie how did we get here . We got here probably 25, 30 years ago. The good intentions of trying to treat patients suffering from pain but without the sufficient knowledge. We became complacent and started to overprescribing opioid medication under the belief that if a patient has pain, they would not become addicted and under the belief you can increase the dosage of opioids to high levels without risk in the life of the patient and unfortunately, neither of those two things has turned out to be right. Ae prescription led to diversion of the medications. But we also started to find that patients being treated for pain were becoming addicted, and some actually overdosing. We became complacent as a health care system. On the other hand, we have the need of 25 Million People in the United States that suffers from chronic pain daily. And that is a huge number and it , can be quite devastating. Charlie i read somewhere one in 10 people who get surgery in this country will go on to become a continued opioid user. Dr. Volkow it is interesting. My father was just hospitalized my father was just hospitalized for a that viral bad viral infection. One of the nurses told me that what she is seeing right now is that people in genuine pain are now actually being underprescribed pain. Volkow,ree with dr. Bul in that there are many patients in whom opioid painkillers are actually clinically indicated. My concern now is the pendulum is swinging too far the other way, and that patients who are clinically indicated to get opioid painkillers are not getting it. Again,ving said that i agree with dr. Volkow, doctors do not have the training they need to properly and appropriately prescribed medications. I have the title of addiction experts now, but truth be told, i never learned any of this during medical school or residency, and i went to really good institutions. Everything ive learned and im talking about now has been on the job training. At rikers over 50 of the men , and women have Substance Abuse issues, and previously, when i was a doctor to bostons homeless population, among whom the leading cause of death was drug overdose. All of these things prompted me to learn more about addiction. But doctors, surgeons, they really never got any of this training, and hence, the misprescribing that happens is not surprising. Is it changing what they teach at medical schools today because of the realization that no one understood how to deal with pain . Charlie yes that is a great question. Federal organizations and agencies are all really recognizing the strong need to educate medical students and trainees, residents now now in addiction and understanding the brain biology and how substances like alcohol, heroin, and other opioids like percocet bind to birth of the brain that control decisionmaking, craving. The amygdala, the emotional center, the fight or flight, these drugs these substances are , hijacking the brain and preventing people from really controlling their behavior. Charlie i dont know how long ago it was when i first met you. Because of your expertise in the area of addiction what are we learning today . Dr. Volkow we have an enormous amount with respect to have drugs actually hijack. That term is very appropriate. They hijack circuits that are there from evolution for us to survive as a species and individuals. They take them over and trigger adaptations, new pathways that favor the search of the drugs, the surge of the drugs the , motivation to take the drug at the expense of everything else. We have learned, among other things, that these changes produced by drugs are very longlasting. When you stop taking the drugs and say i dont have a problem at all, that is not correct. The changes are still there. That is why when we are addiction and disease of the brain, we discuss it as a chronic disease of the brain. In the treatment interventions, what the evidence shows effective is continued care for addiction, just like you have for hypertension or diabetes. You are not going to be able to cure it, not now, unfortunately, but we can treat it and patients recover and can live normal lives. Charlie youre gone through this and know it firsthand. Peter i know this firsthand, and it is what i bring to the table. I have been sober for almost 27 years. When i was going through my darkest days, i lost everything. I i gaveids did to me, cant do to myself. I gave it away. It was more important than my wife, daughter, money charlie because of the pain . Peter i had gotten into it and could not get out of it. It was so strong. You know it is a brain disease , and im glad we are putting it on the table. I wanted to i didnt want to , lose everything. I did not want to lose my dignity, my respect, my daughter, who is so precious to me. But the draw on drugs is sort of like this. Do you want the drugs or do you want your daughter . Do you have a choice . I want both, but i need the drugs to be with my daughter. It is one of the most powerful things out there. I consider myself one of the lucky ones. Anyone can get sober. You can put someone in Rikers Island for a couple months, and you will get sober. But this is not about getting sober. It is about how to we stay sober . How do you put a day together and got to the second day . What do you do . The third day . Had you get out of that quicksand, the thing that is killing us . Charlie i went to nine different , Treatment Centers. Shortterm, longterm, a week to two weeks, 30 days. The last Treatment Center i went to is the same organization i work for. The Eastside Service center has treatment program, and i went in there after three and a half years. Everyone doesnt have to go to treatment for three and a half years. Money was different then. There were guys that lived in treatment for four and five years. It was a different culture and there was more money available. The point is, if someone had cut this off of the second or third Treatment Center and given up and said we are not paying for this, i would not be here today. The truth is every time a person relapses, it is one step closer to them getting sober or dying. I know what i have. The disease is vicious. Charlie you say i know what i have. Peter i know what i have and i know who i am. You know, i might not want to be a drug addict, but at least i know what i have. Charlie it is a difficult situation. Peter the only thing i have to do is not drink and not drug. I am given this life to do what i am doing now, and carry the message. Charlie so what do you do now . What happens at the Lower East Side Service Center . Peter it is a wonderful organization that has been service for many years. We deal with opioids, hiv aids, mental health. There are people on the streets and after a month or two of being pregnant, they realize they have to do something. They can come to us, live in our Treatment Center for the time they are pregnant, have their baby at bellevue, and live with in a a year for safe environment, where we will taper them off the drugs they are on and teach them how to live without them. Forave been in assistance 58 years, but we have had this particular program for 16 or 17 years now. Charlie what do you think of the president talking about nih and taking the first steps for a Publicprivate Partnership to develop nonaddictive alternatives and treatments . Dr. Volkow this is a very Important Initiative we have been working on since the beginning of the summer. The idea is we are going to solve this crisis by every buddy everybody getting involved in it. That involves the government, of course, but also industry. And industry can play an extremely important role. It is two fronts. One of them, we started with this crisis because we did not have sufficiently good medications that didnt have side effects. So ergo, we need better pain medications. The science is out there to take them and develop into products, which is what pharma does. So how can we get that partnership between pharmaceuticals and the government, and very importantly, the patients and families because they are the ones who think they needed to move this forward. The other area which is important is how can we develop new formulations for medications that can help people addicted to opioids be able to cover . Recover . So imagine what it is to be addicted to heroin and go to a clinic on a daily basis. It is an hour away. You have to make it every day, the decision will i go to the clinic or not . How about a medication you can take every week or month that actually prevent you from overdosing, prevent you from relapsing . We have that technology. So how, again, can we create this partnership to plan this type of research . And another area we have been discussing recently is how do we also create better treatment intervention that are more effective in reversing overdoses . Now you hear the lacing of heroin with very potent analogs like fentanyl,gs where patients are required three or four doses. Can we develop more potent longerlasting drugs that can , protect and revert patients better . , if you arens that a high risk person, you can give it willu such that decrease your risk of overdosing. His is why we have innovation this is why we have science. Science transforms the way we solve problems. In medicine, that is what we are doing for other diseases. Charlie let me turn to dr. Roy. Give your assessment of what the president said and where you think we need to focus for the future. Dr. Roy i believe the president s message is moving in the right direction. We certainly need funding but let us be really clear. There are people right now that are struggling and dying of a disease that is preventable. It is not a mystery. We know how to treat people with opioid addiction. There are three fda approved medications that are available now, and we need to get people this treatment. Of the 23 million americans, only 10 access treatments. Can you imagine if i was told that only 10 of my diabetic nations got treatment . That means the rest would be dying of heart disease, strokes, and kidney failure. And, by the way, i would probably lose my medical license. For substance disorder, the 10 that are getting treatment we seem to be fine with that and , that is unacceptable. We need to get people to treatment they need, lifesaving medications, and also we need to intervene in several stages. Obviously the late stage were people are overdosing and dying. They need to get naloxone or narcan, but we also need to be thatto treat with medications and counseling, but we also need better tools to screen undiagnosed so training doctors to make sure they recognize and do that. And also, prevention i would be remiss if we did not focus on the route of addiction, which is really painandsuffering. For as long as human beings exist, pain and suffering will exist. If we do not address that, people will continue to self medicate. Peter i like what the doctor said, but let me add this to it. Part of the equation has to be taken into consideration is the stigma, embarrassment, and shame. It is the elephant in the living room and no one wants to talk about it. The reason i came on this show and share such a personal story is perhaps it gives hope to people out there. The doctor is right there are such a small percentage of people that get the help. When i come on a show like yours as someone else that is in recovery for a significant amount of time, it reminds the audience that there is hope. No matter how many Treatment Centers you have gone into, somebody can come on and say i have been sober three years, five years, 27 years, here is what i had to do. Hopefully there is somebody listening and saying maybe i can do something, maybe i should pick up the phone. There is treatment. We need more money for it but there are Treatment Centers available today. It is the stigma and shame. Charlie connect the Treatment Center with a person. I think thehat viewing audience needs to hear at least for me is there is a tremendous amount of hope. And they are desperate. I know what that is like because at the very end, there were really dark days. Somehow, i did it, and never gave up. With the grace of god and good fortune, i got sober and was able to stay sober. I hope someone listens to me and says if he is on there and sober with his terrible bottom, it is the most personal and impactful story i can share with you tonight. Dr. Roy i really commend this gentleman. First of all, i congratulate him on his recovery and i cannot emphasize enough how stories, storytelling, and the stories of success like this gentleman and the work he is doing at the Lower East Side Service Center we need far more organizations like this to provide care. Science and evidencebased data from people like dr. Volkow and liked stories of recovery, this gentleman from the Lower East Side Service Center . That is what we need. Charlie robert plants best known as the front man for one of the most successful bands in rock history, led zeppelin. Rolling stones ranked him the best lead singer of all time. His solo career has banned 3. 5 decades and 11 problems. His newest is called carry fire. New york times called it a swirling mix of deep blues, mountain music, and zepplinlike heavyweight. Heres a look at the single bluebirds over the mountain. Bluebirds over the mountain eager over things bluebirds over the mountain bring my baby back to me. Charlie did you simply know Leonard Cohen talked about this. He had a great voice, not the perfect voice, what a great one people wanted to hear. Something was going on. I dont know what it was, but i was infatuated by how different with the age of some sonic a glass roomuld be or Something Like that. Elseld hear something going on outside of the spoken voice, outside of singing on my bicycle. I heard this other voice coming through. I was infatuated by it. Charlie but then people noticed. The more people notice, the more and more they wanted you to figure it out. Robert it is cause and effect. You begin your plan very naively. For a guy who just seems at the sharp end of everything, for a guy who just seems si ngs. At the sharp end of everything, there is a lot of instrumentation going out around you. People are often more musically talented than the front man. The front man gets this great i dont know. It is like i could pick ourselves up all sorts of rhythms these guys are creating. I can fly through in mimic it, i can join in. Charlie they give you with the sound the place to carry this forward. Robert sure and make an inference a place to carry this forward. In the early days of zepplin, i found a way to learn the mimicry by learning guitar tabs or whatever was to try to get in with some phrasing. They give me something to do and some very long solos, as well. I could come in and come out very long sustained notes of flurries and sometimes givers. Charlie you are celebrating your 50th year with led zeppelin next year . Robert it is true. In 1968, there was a collision of minds and gifts. 37 years ago that ceased. Charlie has it been that long . But 50 years ago it came together in 1968. Describe how you just did. A collision of robert sound, mind, intention, energy. Everything, boom. When we were really young, a lot of things were boom. Perhaps boom too soon. Charlie dont remind me. Here you come, and you take oh you take home in 2014 a grammy for best rock album area for best rock album. Robert yeah. Charlie still doing it. Still doing it. Robert there is a lot of romance about it, too, because it did not blow itself out of the water. It did not go on too long. It just stopped. Charlie you mean led zeppelin. Robert that was the deal when we got together at the beginning. That would be it. If we could not carry this on forward, that would be it. When you only have four people, it is hard to think about fulltime replacement. Charlie do ever listen to this music . How did this come about, carry fire . Robert a lot of people said that is a good picture and i said who is it. Charlie you like it. Robert yes. It looks a little more stern than i would like. Charlie how did it come about . Robert the same guys i have been working with on and off since 2001, and this is, in effect, our fourth adventure together. With a little bit of changing personnel. Worked around the world with the previous record. I spent some time living in the United States, when i finally went back to britain, we reconvened to see if we have anything left. This is the second one. This is the first time ive made a record with the same people twice since 1977, more or less. This great place to be together. It is very expressive. Charlie what about carry fire . Robert that is a tough job, but we all do it. It is marking time and all the cause and effect that you leave around you. You have to go back and try to put some of it right, and the stuff that is right you have to make it even more relevant and impactful. Charlie who wrote these . Robert my chums and myself. Charlie did you write these collectively . Robert not quite so lavish as this, but we were in a tiny, little room, and there were a lot of different ideas. Each of these guys has his own studio setup and works around the globe and other projects too. Every time we think there is enough material interesting enough to put into the cauldron, we convene, we get together and play out. Charlie i heard you say there are not many frontmen left. You named three. You, mick, and rod stewart. A front man is what, by definition . Robert a guy who cannot hide. Somebody whos stuck right up the sharp end. Of course, there are a lot of other people around. But here in britain, those two guys were around a little before me. Also robert from the who. I dont know why we dont have some kind of annual gettogether. Charlie i think you should have a celebration. And i could come to that party. Robert i would like to see you buy the drinks. [laughter] charlie it is a skill that is beyond voice, too, isnt it . It is a presence, because you cannot hide. Robert to a degree. In days a long time ago, it was a little more focus on individual musicality. It wasnt just about the song. Charlie do you sing when nobody is listening . Robert yeah. I have various songs that all through time have come back to me. I was a huge fan of benny king when he was with the directors the drifters and when he left and all that stuff. My mom was not keen on me singing. She knew better than most. But she gave me all of benny kings songs. In the zeppelin days, we were signed to atlantic records. For us as British Musicians, that was beyond charlie this was early i assume. Robert yes. Off we went. Our label stablemates were everybody from bruce brand, the coasters, the drifters, ray charles. Obviously, atlantic decided it was more revenue from getting a few of these english bands over. I think a lot of the holy, looked upon their decisions as a little bit offbeat. They signed the Dusty Springfield which was great. But we were really in great company, and i got to know benny king very well. Charlie everyone i have ever talked to from the British Music scene, there is a direct line from wherever they were, london or liverpool, to the blues in america. Robert yes, and it is magnificent to me. I still listen to it every morning. Straight on it. Just to get the day going. Charlie do you, really . Who is on your playlist . Robert a group from texas called matchbox which someone borrowed and the beatles took it on later. It is one of the best displays of singing and guitar. It is like the ring of light coming through in a recording from 1929. Just fantastic. Charlie you want to be inducted into the rock n roll hall of fame as a solo artist . Robert is that a good place to be, really . I do not know. I am not sure of the validity of it. I dont know. Theres not enough room for the ribbons on my chest. When i went to Buckingham Palace charlie you can put them on your back. Robert when i went to Buckingham Palace and i said i cannot go there. But my kids said, how else are we going to see inside . You have got to go and get your gong, dad. I did and as i was standing in the line, i look in the Public Gallery and i see my three kids. I have never seen him looking so smart. Charlie thank you for coming. Great to see you. Robert you too. Who knew that phones would start doing everything . Entertaining us, getting us back on track, and finding us dates. Phones really have changed. So why hasnt the way we pay for them . Introducing xfinity mobile. You only pay for data and can easily switch between pay per gig and unlimited. No one else lets you do that. See how much you can save. Choose by the gig or unlimited. Xfinity mobile. A new kind of network designed to save you money. Call, visit or go to xfinitymobile. Com. Sean baker is here, his 2015 film tangerine was shot entirely on an iphone. It received widespread acclaim. His new film the florida is located outside of walt disney floor world. Anthony lane of the new yorker writes that he has taken something from American Life and has spawned something sad. Here is a look at the trailer for his newest film. Sure do. 38 a night. Ok, one drip and you are out. Come on it is going to melt outside. But bobby. Thank you very much. You are not welcome. The man who lives here gets arrested a lot. These are the ones we are not supposed to go in. Lets go anyway. Can we have some change, please . The doctors said we have asthma and we have to eat ice cream right away. There you go. There has already been a dead fish in the pool. We are trying to get it back alive. Boobies boobies youre a disgrace. New job . Yeah. If you are working, who was looking after you are not my father. I do not want to be your father. You cannot treat me like this. You dont think Everybody Knows what is up . Everybody. She is about to cry. I can always tell when adults are about to cry. Where is my mommy going . We are just talking. We need to figure something out. See, i took you on a safari. Lets go, come on. Have a nice day. Love you, bobby. I love you, too. Charlie i am pleased to have sean baker at the table for the first time. Welcome. Thank you very much for having me. Charlie what do you think is instructive about the lives and stories you capture and tell about People Living on the margin . Sean i think i approached each film each film is a response to what i am not seeing, i think, in contemporary film and tv at least in u. S. Cinema. Not enough of. I think my approach to it is very simple. The more stories that are told about marginalized communities, subcultures, and minorities, the less marginalized they will be. It is very simple. With each film of mine charlie because what . In other words, if you show stories about their lives, they will become less marginalized because people will understand more about them and something will change about them . Sean i think it is about putting a human face on perhaps communities that we often look at from a distance or are hidden. My coscreenwriter and i have attempted to tell stories in a culture or subculture that is not necessarily focused on in that way. I think by telling a universal story, showing the Common Threads which make us all human, i think what it does is it allows audiences to say, i can identify with this person even though i thought i never would have been able to because theyre outside of my circle. I think that is one step towards allowing charlie that we are all human. Have you been interested in the life of the people you portrayed here . Sean i didnt know about their life. I didnt know about the issue of the hidden homeless, quite honestly, until my coscreenwriter brought it to my attention. He had said to me articles from local news media focusing on this area in kissimmee, near orlando, florida, and this juxtaposition of children growing up in motels, living in Budget Motels right outside of the tourist capital of the world and the place we consider the most magical place on earth for children. I was obviously taken aback by these articles and knew there was something in there in which we could find a fictionalized story, a story line in there focusing on the lives of these individuals. The fact of this juxtaposition focusing on the children, because the children obviously are what made the juxtaposition so sad and real. Ive always actually wanted to make a film about children. Ive been very inspired and influenced by the little rascals. If you think about what they were, they were comic shorts in the Great Depression in which most of the characters were living in poverty, but the focus was on kids being kids. The behavioral humor of children. Charlie it was set against the background of the Great Depression and living in poverty. Sean exactly. I actually thought this would be our opportunity to make almost an updated or a presentday little rascals and focusing on one little girl in particular. A little girl by the name of moony, a rambunctious little sixyearold. Charlie this is bobby telling moony and her friends she is causing to much trouble. I got a videotape of the kids illegally entering the utility room. I got it. I will talk to her. It is only the second week of the summer and there is already a dead fish in the pool. Were doing an experiment. We were trying to get it back alive. That was my idea. And water balloons thrown at tourists. They didnt tip us are you serious . This is unacceptable. I have failed as a mother. You disgraced me. Yeah, mommy. Youre a disgrace. When your friend puts you in charge of her kid, that kid becomes your responsibility. You arent taking responsibility. And you have that one, too. She is from future land. You have to relax. Your kid killed my night. I was going to watch the game. Are you going to reimburse me for my lost three hours . Pay the man his three hours. I dont have any money. Charlie great casting. Sean he is incredible to work with, transformative, he really became this character of bobby. It was an honor to have worked with him. Charlie in doing research, he you went to a lot of motels. Sean for information. We were from outside of that world, and we wanted to well, we approached this in a journalistic way. We interviewed people. We approached people who are interested in telling their stories. Giving us information about route 192 where this was shot. This involved us speaking to residents of the motels, the Small Business owners, some of the motel managers, and some of the agencies that provided social services to people in need in the area. There was one man in particular, a motel manager, who really opened up his world to us. In a way, he was our passports in a way, he was our passport in. We felt this was a story that should be told. He was managing one of those Budget Motels across the street from the Magic Castle Motel where we shop. Where we shop. He was in a very tough position when he was actually working there. It has since closed. He had compassion for the families and the kids who were there. He understood the struggles they were going through. Yet, he had a job he had to hold on to. He knew, perhaps any night, he might have to evict one of these families and put them out on the street if they cannot come up with the nightly rate. It was a tough position for him. I could see this compassion, but i also saw a distance that he would keep from them. He was a reluctant parental figure in many ways. I saw it not only with him but a few of the other motel managers. I think that inspired our bobby character. Charlie were the locals wary of you being there . Sean yes, of course, at first. They did not know how we were going to depict the area. We did have people asking us about our approach to it. And then also, you just have the parents from the local motels, some of the residents, not trusting us at first. We had to basically gain their trust. I think by the time were actually shooting, for the most part, at least with the motels we were shooting at, the agencies we were working with, it was very collaborative. It got to a place where the people involved had a very enthusiastic approach to it. They wanted us to do it correctly. Charlie some people are taking note of the fact that you dont have a lot of plot developments here. Almost a sense where you are living with these people and dont have much sense of the plot. Sean that is what i think most summers do not have a plot. There is no three act structure there. Its disguised, the lines are blurry. Some audience members who want heavy plotted story might not be able to see it on the surface. But it is there. Charlie the casting of moony. Sean she is brooklynn prince. That is the name she was born with. Already a hollywood name. It is brooklyn with two ns, actually. I really believe she is a prodigy. She is one of the most incredible actors ive ever worked with at any age. She understands acting. She is seven years old, but she was six years old when we shot. To watch her act was really incredible. She was holding her own with willem defoe. First off, i said i wasnt going to make this film unless i found the present day spanky mcfarland. We were getting too close to production. We were going to hold off on production until i could find this little girl. She walked into the audition room. She was local. Orlandobased. I was very particular about that. I wanted all the kids to be from the local area. A local casting company by the name of crowd shot had her in their database and suggested we see her, and she walked into the room and within seconds won us over. She had those qualities that spanky had. The energy and wit and cuteness, the little puffy cheeks, but we had no idea that she was going to be able to deliver incredibly emotional performances as well. She goes to places in which she tears, she really had to deliver on emotional performance. That in a way that she understood her character, the predicament, and the circumstances charlie she is your your protagonist. Sean yes. I put her in the same camp as jodie foster and mickey rooney, a child actor who was born to do this. She loves it so incredibly much that i think she will have a bright future. We had a limited number of hours to work with our children every day because of child labor laws. We would get to the end of the day, and she would be upset that she had to go every day, because she truly loves acting. Jonathan from new york city, i am Jonathan Ferro with 30 minutes dedicated to fixed income. This is bloomberg real yield. Jonathan coming up, the president is said to lean toward jay powell to be the next chairman of the federal reserve. The u. S. Economy delivers its best backtoback quarterly growth since 2014. And draghis stimulus plan helps insulate europe from political chaos in spain. We begin with the big issue. It could be the moment of truth for the bond bull market. It has been the graveyard of investment strategists for the last two or three years