The Design Bureau under the heading is what will later be called the special bureau of the minsk automobile plant for heavy wheeled tractors and engines for them. It began its work in accordance with the adopted resolution of the council. Ussr dated july 23, 1954. It was necessary , in the shortest possible time, to develop a line of heavy superheavy off road vehicles and an engine for it for the needs of the army. Machines of this class were not created in the soviet union. These are special tractors that must perform special functions, so the team is classified as classified. The future minsk wheel tractor plant for a long time functioned precisely as a bureau of the minsk automobile plant skb1. The first project was the wheeled tractor 528. It was presented in 195 less than a year after the bureau began work. The first task was to create the mas528 an engineering vehicle. Maz 529 is a special tractor for transporting missiles for their installation, mines. Both of these cars. Absolutely unique, because design developments had already been implemented in them, and in general in the soviet union, this was the first time; at the same time, the first fouraxle vehicle in the history of the automobile industry, mass 535, appeared. It was intended for transporting artillery systems weighing up to 10 tons. The engine produces 375 horsepower. This allowed him to move at a speed of 40 km h. Transportation of heavy army cargo, if that is possible, was actually implemented. In these two models mas 535 and mas 537, one of which could transport tanks and other army cargo, the other could transport people and cargo. Cars among these mas 5035, they were also intended for transportation, for moving aircraft at the airport. With the release of these heavyduty vehicles, it had a powerful depending on the weight of the aircraft and made a special carrier to attach to the front wheel to drag the appearance of this car from any angle from left to right to the aircraft parking area became a sensation of a real scientific and technological revolution in the Automotive Industry of the ussr; its technical content had no analogues in the world. Premanufacturing, and the menchan people used an automatic transmission for the first time, which made life easier for drivers in general, because before that there were, there were some kraks, there were still, here he sits, poor thing, switches this speed, suffers, but here it was so easy to work on this car, because the designer this was foreseen, and im not sure that there were tasks specifically for the automatic transmission, this was done from footage chronicling military parades in the ussr. None of them could do without demonstrating the achievements of military equipment, as well as without the mas535a ballast tractor, created at the minsk automobile plant. It has become unique in its technical characteristics. It found widespread use among the troops. It was on it that Formidable Soviet missiles were transported across red square, the appearance of which so frightened a potential enemy. The capabilities of the unique machine expanded. In 1959 , a new history of skb1 began. In the ussr they began to create the first controlled one. With a flight range of 600 km. As a launcher Rocket Launcher at the minsk automobile plant , a completely new car was created, mass 543. It turned out to be so perfect that even today it is massproduced in various modifications. Almost all brands of cars produced at the minsk plant turned out to be reliable. The created samples of emas 543 and mas 547 continued their use in other missile systems; they housed equipment for other purposes; more precisely, the machines were already used for air defense. Maspe 43m complex s300 disintegrated. They were simple, reliable, they had good documentation, there was good access to the main components, that is, we used these machines, as they say, we always knew 100 that minsk technology is reliable technology, not only as a machine , but even so, precisely to solve the problems that we pilots need, various modifications of heavy wheeled traction, created in the fifties and sixties. Found Wide Application in the military sphere for decades to come. Our products are widely represented for the needs of the ministry of defense, one of the most our famous products poplar and yars. In addition to this, on smaller chassis, which are fouraxle, these are the iskander, bastion, bal systems, and many others. Today, the minsk wheel tractor plant is one of the leading Defense Enterprises in the postsoviet space with a recognizable sign of power, with a whole line of platforms for modern types of weapons. Volot is an encrypted hero; all our products, even from the smallest ones, are the embodiment of some kind of strength, courage, well, power. Therefore it was decided name the brand volot. And the fact that this is so is confirmed by unique developments. Machine 7904 had a total Load Capacity of 240 tons, a total chassis weight of 140 tons. It was equipped with an engine, an m350 engine, with horsepower, developed by the leningrad zvezda plant. The second engine ensures the operation of all systems and the main engine, cooling systems. These things were used for the first time, the total length was 31 m, width 7 m, the wheels were installed by a japanese company, the wheel diameter was 5 m, that is, the Load Capacity of such a wheel was more than 2 tone, the importance of such a development is indicated by the fact that its tests took place at the baikanor cosmodrome, and assembly was also carried out there. The second cosmonaut, german titol, came to us there and looked and said yes , he says, guys, i havent seen anything like this before, it turns out you too, he says, well done, and you can, well, again, some kind of pride appears then, thats all us , who carry out such joint work to create a brush. Multiaxle tractors, dump trucks, and chassis began to be produced on the basis of military chassis for cranes and other special equipment. Much attention is now being paid to working with the National Economy with potential customers, both belarusian and russian, we are now making a large line for the oil and gas industry, a large line for construction equipment, and a small class bus. And i think that we have a very good product, heavy wheeled vehicles, tractors under the brand are made in belarus. Belarusian mazs, bilazy, along with their brother kamaz, are today the leaders of this class of vehicles in the world. At the same time in the fifties, the number of enterprises in the bssr increased significantly. This Rapid Development was still due to the fact that the country was arming itself and Rapid Development began to maintain its combat potential. In the breakfast of a champion project, we will tell you how to start your morning right, the ideal morning is probably to get enough sleep, have a Good Breakfast , a delicious protein breakfast, today you and i will prepare a rather unusual breakfast, it will be in an asian style, it will be spring rolls with seaweed cocktail, i love it sea about we will do easy but effective exercises, we will show you an exercise in pairs , it is not only funny, fun, but also motivates each other, we will get the most useful tips, the protein that people do not get during the day can be completely compensated for some seafood , and it will be very healthy, fish is good, especially for women, it is a great help in preserving the beauty of hair, skin, nails, but no one says that it is not good for men. Watch the project breakfast of the champion on the belarus 24 tv channel. Project, in which the main factor of success is not strength, but knowledge. Time to put down the dumbbells and upgrade your knowledge about the sport. In our program, participants will fight in a battle of the mind. What sport do the fab five goalkeepers usually talk about . Igor was the first. Hockey. For correct answers they will get points, and for incorrect ones they will lose them, today we have three games to choose from, what do you like best, come on, who is cooler, twentytime olympic champion and multiple World Champion in swimming, denis, mile phelps, mile phelps , absolutely right, like the name of the bicycle race held for more than 100 years in france is tor the france, absolutely right, watch the intellectual and entertaining show. Playing with a head on the tv channel belarus 24. In the workshops of the mechanical plant under construction in minsk, which were organized as temporary, work did not stop for a single day. Factory buildings were still being erected, the site was being prepared for the main production lines, and specialists were working their magic almost in the field. Operating a machine for the production of optical parts. Now it was being finalized. Another, very delicate , painstaking work on glass processing was also in full swing. Now, at the machine, a group of workers were discussing the technique of grinding it. Viktor osipovich safronov, director of the plant under construction, intervened in the process. Who had extensive experience in the optical industry of the ussr. He didnt just begin to explain how best to process glass, grind optics, and build a glass arrangement system, but he himself stood up to the machine. In practice, it was necessary to test what had recently been at the level of a hypothesis; the plant was preparing to produce its first products. In in those first years, it really was craftsmanship, when unique products were made on the simplest machines, the simplest machines, there were no contact devices, they were manually adjusted to fit the device, to the gonometer, and then gradually. Gradually we began to produce contact devices. Workers at the then still under construction enterprise often demonstrated miracles of ingenuity. Once upon a time, the germans came here as Quality Control engineers. And so he showed the device that i came up with, so he looked and said we have this is not the case, he says, it turns out that the quality, the quality of the parts, is very high, well, they have better equipment, but we had to come up with a device, the construction of a new plant in minsk began in 1954 and was carried out at an accelerated pace, an enterprise of defense significance , at the same time, work began on the production of the first, so necessary for the country. Man, we worked on the first belinsky lane, there was a school there, we were there, we had about 50 machines, the equipment was old, then, what was there from other enterprises was taken away, and the german equipment, old technologies, and the plant workshop developed very strongly, the products saw new growth, approximately every month. It was from 30 to 50 . Despite the complexity of the new production, the plant was put into operation within 3 years, in 1957. It was still under construction when its first products were released, quite peacefully, more than 25 machines for working with optical parts and 20,000 cameras. Thats when it was done. The beginning of the history of optical instrumentation in belarus. First the photographic equipment that they began to produce, of course, the very, very simple, first camera, there was one lens , in my opinion, a schoolboy, its time, well, it was for children, especially cheap, there was about 56 rubles for this money. Then came the second category, spring, there was already such a serious investigator, the objective part consisted of industars, after that came the photographic equipment, again the more complicated aluchaya cameras, agat cameras, and after that came the ilikon step. 3 million, this is exactly the number that was released for another new one models under the viliia brand, but an absolute record. Was the release of a fundamentally new generation camera, zenit e. 8 million, for singlelens reflex cameras, that was. World record days. State union plant of photographic equipment. It was under this name that it was originally designed. But what kind of military equipment was created here . Even meticulous journalists could not get to the bottom of this; all developments are classified as secret. There was a separate workshop that produced cameras for aircraft, this there was a whole direction, the development of aviation, without development it would have been very difficult for intelligence, since the cold war was beginning, the americans built a lot of aircraft carriers that patrolled near our borders, they had to be tracked, and of course, optics played a big role, for example, afas cameras were installed. Planned and perspective photography, which could photograph and classify during the day any ship at sea, as well as any target on land. Interaction with the military is the closest, any products for the Defense Industry discussed primarily with those for whom it was intended. About the minsk plant i can say that our specialists and engineers. We constantly kept in touch with this plant, we didnt just go there, we went there to talk with the specialists who made these cameras, that is, what focal length, what volume should this device or camera be so that it would be convenient for us to place it on the plane , at what place, at the minsk mechanical institute, in the presence of an authoritative commission, there was a demonstration of the capabilities of a new optical sight for sniper rifle developed at the enterprise. Sighting distance 50 m. Hitting the very center of the target. 250 m. Hit again. To the very center. One of the Commission Members, in order to verify the effectiveness of the sight, could not stand it, he literally jumped out of his seat and picked up the rifle. Hit the target without errors. The Commission Members looked at the sight for a long time, then discussed the prototype in detail. Palishuki these people, who live in harmony with nature, then we grow in the fall of nakedness, this is our health, and my grandmother was travnitsay, i later learned about strong herbs, and the genes were passed on to me, i began to collect. When this oak tree grows up, about 2025 years old, it can be used to make our bandar utensils. The most important thing is their freedom. And herbs are honey, and an apiary, and a museum, and a village, and my river, Everything Else that surrounds me, this is my life, watch polishukis project on the belarus 24 tv channel. We tell. The most important quality of our products is that they are manufactured from natural raw materials, we have a large assortment, condensed milk with sugar, with all sorts of fillers, coffee, chicory, purposeful People United by one common goal, they are capable of much, we share their history of development and achievements, everything that is produced today by our enterprise estimate. The maximum monthly Production Volume of cans can reach up to 25 million cans per month, we want to introduce some additional capsule lines so that we can attract more buyers about our products, as a rule they say only the best. Watch the Quality Mark Program on our tv channel. After the enterprise was launched at full capacity, the production of optical sights began in minsk, the production of a whole line of generalpurpose optics , some of the devices were the production of tank sights, sights for the bmp1. 2, the production of rifle sights, all kinds, which means that many sights were produced with gases, so they didnt fog up, they could withstand shock loads, that was the highlight. The highlight was the release of phototransformers, a unique development belarusian opticians. The phototransformer was carried out. Filming soviet technology was used, there was shelve transformation and they made maps, different maps, from, say, very quick tasks performed, and ending for large global tasks, they were filmed from the same satellites from airplanes that were filmed in the future, sud24 mr, there was. A device called an intermediary you fly along the border without violating anything, 150 km of territory is completely on the screen and is transmitted online to the intermediary, the plane flies, and this Intelligence Agency is already at the headquarters, the enemy had no advantage in this matter , we were not at all behind the times, or another example of what optics meant for the defense of a conservation country. An american battleship with tomahawks on board was sailing from sweden to sweden through the entire baltic sea, as soon as it went into neutral waters, we took it and brought it in three days, it slowed down to stockholm, while the optics made it possible to completely collate and recalculate the power plants, track his progress, track his maneuvers. Main products up to of a certain period there were instruments for military purposes, but with the beginning of space exploration, rocket and Space Technology became an important component, they made devices for space, spectacular photography, photographed the entire surface of the earth, including the states, england, and other countries, this was the result of unique scientific developments in the white center the belom opticalmechanical production association, created in 1971 on the basis of the minsk mechanical plant, was becoming large. We produce absolutely everything, climatic and day and night and thermal imaging systems, and fire guidance systems on armored vehicles, tanks, and armored personnel carriers. And also on helicopters there are night control systems; the use of optics does not end with small arms equipment, medical equipment, but is also used in the National Economy. An achievement was the control of a laser, which today is widely used in industry and medicine, primarily in surgery, dentistry, oncology, and dermatology. All this was done here in minsk, at the opticalmechanical facility. For almost 70 years, the companys products have been serving peace and security of our state. In general, by 1960, the bssr had significantly increased the output of defense products. Compared to the prewar period, it increased 12 times. The accumulated azers are blue like the sky in the early days, which is in the right of the racing forest, at the beginning of the golden dawns, washing creatures and the world, and the fall of troubles is known, the accumulated not azers are the charms for fabrics, smiling at the sun, look, and never leave the sea, the bottom, which is gilded puffy pіy and pіy would be from their end, accrued not azers, like not every year, no matter how much it hurts, no matter what you want sustretstsa, whatever i know, mountains, seas, and azzera have never forgotten them, my dear. Patrus brouk. Just 6 minutes a day reduces stress levels by almost 70 . Moreover, it has been scientifically proven that this process helps, at an elegant age, to reduce the likelihood of developing alzheimers disease by two and a half times. Im now talking about reading another scientific fact not a single electronic version can replace a traditional paper book. But today its still not about books, but about what without which, according to the outstanding soviet scientist konstantin rubinskys development of even science itself is unthinkable. The focus in the next half hour will be libraries. My name is ekaterina beretskaya. Hello and dont miss out on the program. The first female librarian in russia was a belarusian. Who we will tell the history of the issue in our section. Lets figure out how the largest Scientific Library works. Today . We have a center for research into early printed manuscripts. Here he is at the beginning. Year was created, it has two departments, lets take a look at the library of the future, dont miss it, presented, exhibitions, bookillustrative, they were made specifically in order to present them in the digital environment, the first Public Library, that is , the one that everyone could visit, was literally opened by the roman. Napoleon, this is how the library developed its on our lands, ill tell you right now. The first Belarusian Library was created in the 21st century in the polotsk st. Sophia cathedral and efrasinia of polotskaya played a key role in this. In this connection, historians rightly call her the first woman librarian in rus. However, bookish. The lecture collected by the educator was destroyed during the livonian war. The second significant library for our lands appeared in the 18th century in the zelva region, a collection of books was collected by lev sopega, but in 1831 the library was transported to st. Petersburg, but a year before that, the first belarusian Public Library was also opened in the grodno region, in which, a few decades later, the first. Reading room appears. This library, by the way, still operates to this day, and since 1957, bears the name of the first belarusian academician evfimy karsky. Another library that still exists is the pushkin library. In terms of collections, it becomes the seventh in the soviet union, and as they would say today, it is among the top 30 best libraries in the world. However, more than 80 of the funds were looted by the nazis. During the great patriotic war, and the most valuable books and manuscripts were exported to germany. The newest history of librarianship in our country began on march 7, 2002, when the president of belarus signed a decree