Dear, kind, i am writing to you a letter from german captivity, when you read this letter, i will not be alive, my request to you, father. Until the paradise of german beds when when you come back, mom, dont look for it, the germans shot her when they asked about you. No, im not going to this thricefamily, damned germany , i decided its better to die on my native side , damned german land. Only death saves me from a cruel beating. I dont want to suffer anymore. With the damned cruel germans who didnt let me live. Dad, avenge mom, and goodbye for me, kind, daddy, your daughter is leaving to die. Katya susanina my heart believes the letter will reach. From the first days of the occupation of belarus , a partisan movement unfolded behind enemy lines, which day by day the struggle of the soviet patriots took on a mass character the peoples avengers attacked enemy targets and garrisons smashed police stations in a tense struggle expelled fascists from settlements sometimes conquers entire areas where soviet power was restored these territories liberated by partisans in the rear of enemy troops were called partisan zones and territories. From october 1941 to november 1942 in the enemy rear on the occupied belarusian territory was nine extensive partisan zones were formed, 8 in the eastern part of the republic and one in the western part of the formation of partisan zones in the deep enemy rear and holding them one of the brightest pages of the heroic struggle of the belarusian people during the war years, the struggle against the atrocities and violence of the invaders on our native land burned these villages with special cruelty. Uh, they were different, and this is how people like themselves cannot act, but, unfortunately, they didnt act like that. And soon , 80 years have passed, and it does not heal early during the years of occupation. More than 190 settlements, the biggest tragedy occurred with four villages. This is the owl of the spirit. Tina ants that were destroyed were burned along with civilians and in peacetime. They have not been restored, the edge of forests and lakes of partisan glory and labor valor from the first days of the great patriotic war. An Extensive Network of underground groups was created in the area, which in the spring of 1942 were transformed into partisan detachments. The most powerful units. Namely, there were settlements on the border with the polotsk region, because from polotsk forests. From the encirclement of the war of the red army there were prisoners of war, who fled from the camp for military prisoners and er, for a year already by the summer in the fall, 44 of the second year. E, on the basis of underground detachments , partisan detachments and the most combatready ones were formed. Hmm, the most powerful detachment. It was called the death of fascism and which later developed into a partisan brigade of death to fascism later. She was robbed. And uh, two brigades formed. This is the chapaev brigade and the second ponomarenko ushal brigade, these are our two brigades liberated ushalsky districts. This was the date of the formation of e, the polotsklipper partisan zone. And uh, the area was completely liberated. As a result , a territory with a total area of about 3,200 m² appeared on vitebsk, where more than 80,000 residents lived in 1220 settlements. It was one of the largest partisan zones created during the great patriotic war in belarus , polotsklepel, the length, the defense of which was 287 km. It was one of the largest partisan zones that she provided by the partisan republic. And even the nazis. I so called the partisan republic operated deep talu, the Third Tank Army of the nazis. The partisans controlled the strategically important road for the nazis. The road went west. And this is the rear. Uh, the Third Tank Army was for the nazis it was very important to use this road, and the partisans controlled it out of concern, the nazis followed the strengthening of the partisan front. They did not abandon attempts to defeat the partisans and all the time tried to kneel into the zone from the side polotsk sculpted the dokshits of judah, but the partisans heroically defended their rubies in order to clear their rear from the partisans in the polotskolepel zone of the nazis. They made five unsuccessful attempts, then by the spring of 1944 the fascists were undertaking and developing the next, e, the next operations to destroy the strips of partisan land. The tasks were such to destroy. The civilian population that daren eats bread, the ablebodied population and children are driven to germany and the territory is used for agricultural areas and operations these bore the very lyrical name of the spring festival drizzle. Well, since they planned to start the operation on april 11 and the nazis planned to implement all their plans in 10 days, that is, on april 21 , the partisan zone was not supposed to exist, of course, the command of the partisan zone learned about these plans to repel the punitive operation. The partisans prepared carefully. The total length of the defensive lines was 230 km, the entrance routes to the zone were destroyed. Youre inundated and mined entrances partisan battle against the polotsklebeevskaya partisan zone. It was the largest in the history of the great patriotic war against the partisans put up 60,000. The german fascist invaders fought bloody battles for 25 days, the blockade ring narrowed, if at the beginning of the blockade the length of the partisan zone was 240 km. Then, by the end of april, the blockade ring narrowed to 20 km, on may 1, the remnants of the partisan brigades concentrated in the mother forest in a small area west of the ears on a patch of 1. 5 km by 3 1 2 km located about 30. 000. Uh, here are the civilians of partizan on a signal on the night of may 4 to 5 at 23 30. The partisans went like this and moreover, uh, they used the moment of surprise, because uh, there were very uh, the fortified german garrisons and fascists were very well prepared. They just simply did not expect that the partisans were capable, that they had just uh broken through. Uh, in this place there is a ring in the clouds. Yes, they were able to break through, the cloud ring, they brought out. There are 15,000 civilians with me, and here in the memory of the feat of the partisans, namely at this place. Uh, memorial complexes have been installed. Breakthrough the thirtieth anniversary of the breaking of the blockade symbolizes the strength, power and confidence of the belarusian partizans in their own business, personally me. Eh, here. Uh, in the center of the complex is uh, partisan sculptures. And she is so bright and expressive, she hangs over the field such decisiveness such confidence in her rightness, yes, her face is haggard here are sleepless nights of malnutrition, but such a in the eyes of such confidence that we have done the right thing and we have fulfilled our sacred duty to the motherland and history and they brought out, they could endure, win, survive. They stood in their homeland, they defended their land. They defended their children, the mothers of the grandchildren of old people, and this is mother earth, after all, its not in vain that they say that the earth gives strength, so as not to let them in. Uh, the enemy on to their native land. Thats the most important thing. Thats what, probably. They defended their homeland, their land. Let ma this is my small homeland, this is my big homeland, and i owe it to her. To die, but not to allow the enemy on the territory of the real partisan republic acted 16 partisan brigades with a total number of more than 17,000 fighters, and it was in this reason that the skalebel zone had a chance to fight the future commander of the detachment, vasily barminsky. I am a son, and the former partisan of the shchors detachment of the chapaev brigade is very interesting in the drop zone in the army vasily vasilyevich, which means he has a biography. Well, how interesting, it can be said that even the tragic heroic vasily vasilyevich barminsky was drafted into the army a year before the war from the first days of the great patriotic war. He was at the front for a year. A 22 june the war began, but in fact her war began even earlier , because it means that our command already e foresaw that the germans were gathering troops on the border, and therefore somewhere, but on the eve of the war, somewhere on the eighteenth of the nineteenth, which means, a their regiment and the whole division. Well, in one word. He will send me a division. There were several dozen echelons there, so they were going, and they sent them here , and under the cavity, which means that my father said that on the twentieth of june, 2 days before the start of the war, he deprived them with a regiment, and arrived, uh to the station near the strip, poor dress station. So they, uh, camped there, that means in the forest, that means, and on june 22 , early in the morning, the germans were already bombing them. The division in which barminsky served in the first days of the war fought more than one battle, and during one of them vasily was seriously injured. And his leg was completely broken, they entered him, apparently, they did not notice him. These days, he hid in the forest, then it means that he is in some e farm. Eh, it means that e hit and they hid it there. Here are the peasants. Here he was until he recovered, until he recovered. And after that went to this partizans in polotsklipetsk. Well, i heard then what it means, here is the partisan zone, which is completely free from the germans, and he went there, and here vasily embarked on the path of the partisan struggle. At first he was a private, a partisan in the detachment of the death to fascism brigade, and in december 1942 he was appointed to the commanders of departments later at the base. Their company was formed, independently, a detachment, which was given a name. The shchors detachment conducted many responsible military operations behind enemy lines and destroyed a lot of manpower, the enemy and military equipment committed hundreds of sabotage on the most Important Communications of the occupiers, a father to us to his children. Aa told, uh, often about partisan everyday life, as they say, battles, uh , partisan and, first of all, of course, he recalled this wellknown operation asterisk, as it was later called during this operation , not a single settlement was liberated not a single enemy soldier was destroyed; the purpose of operation asterisk, in which hundreds of people were involved, was to rescue from the fascist. Captivity over 150 small children citizens of the soviet union is an operation to rescue the children of the polotsk orphanage number one from fascist captivity. That is, the podovsky orphanage. At the beginning of the war, he did not have time to evacuate to the east and remained in the city of polotsk, in fact, in the occupied territory. So he stayed, so, well, you can say in captivity. The nazis opened this orphanage before the beginning of the great patriotic war. In these parts came suddenly in the suburbs. Polotsk battles unfolded attempts to organize the evacuation of children to the east, failed and the orphanage was forced returned to the old place during the war years. He continued to work and was constantly replenished with children from the city and the surrounding area by the end of 1943. There were about 200 children in it by this time, the nazis, not wanting to support children anymore, they decided to move the orphanage to the village of belchitsy, according to the logic of the nazis, the kids in the village themselves had to produce. The nazis wanted to use their own food for their experiments; they took blood to maintain their power. The soldier and now the father told how the partisans carried out an operation to save these children, and from captivity, but an operation. Eh, it started, uh, it started quite by accident. In the late autumn of 1943, the camp of the shchors detachment was located in the depths of the liberated zone at a distance from the front line. The partisans did not sit still. They made trips often. They went on the offensive and repeatedly stormed opponents. The avengers did not forget about conducting reconnaissance activities, in the course of which they learned that hundreds of kids were on the verge of death and regularly went to reconnaissance. This means that the flat was a garrison there for several days, and in some others there, which means, they saw off and here they are a returning back to the detachment. They began to watch from the forest, the village of benshitsa balti had a large german garrison of up to three battalions. Its somewhere around 1. 002. Hey soldier. Yes, there they had cats and machine guns, that is, such a garrison was very strong. And so, it means that the scouts began to observe and suddenly, but they saw that e to the village. A lot of covered cars drove straight into the village. And suddenly they began to jump out of these cars. Children, and there were a lot of children, which means a little age of many children. Its just, uh, they couldnt film it themselves, and they, of course, noted this to themselves. We waited for the night. They waited at night and at night penetrated into this village. And met with the teachers. It was not at that time that the educators learned from this orphanage that it turned out that the germans had moved the orphanage from the strip, which means that, uh, they did not want to feed his children on a leash. In the same place, the partisans found out that due to a lack of food in the city, the children were often starving, often sick, there were outbreaks of an epidemic. They didnt have enough clothes educators heard that the germans could take children to germany for they have nothing or make them donors for their wounded soldiers, but after the appearance of numerous diseases in children, the nazis, angry with defeats at the fronts, could simply destroy them. In addition , many children ended up in an orphanage. After the nazis shot their parents for participating in the resistance movement. It became clear that the lives of the children were in danger. The fighters of the partisan detachment reported on the children of the command of the shchorsa detachment, then a report from information about the kids went to the headquarters on the mainland. And there they decided at all costs to save the little citizens, the operation to save the children, it was decided to call the asterisk, since the detachment once again discovered these children, it was entrusted, well, the brigade, chapaev was entrusted, but as part of the brigade. Chapaev was assigned a detachment named after shchors to carry out this operation to free the children. The partisans conducted a detailed reconnaissance of the village of belchitsa and all nearby settlements , all german garrisons were mapped firing points, headquarters and patrol routes, based on these data , the command developed plans for an operation to take the children of the polotsk orphanage out from under the noses of the nazis. It was not a joke that the nazi garrison in the village was excellently fortified; among the inhabitants of the orphanage there were many very tiny children who could not safely leave on their own. So you need to do it somehow mystery to make it pass, and without a fight its better without pain, because if it starts with yourself, then, of course, children, and many could die in this fight, therefore, we decided to carry out this operation at night and , uh, it became night. About 200 fighters participated in operation asterisk. Under cover of darkness. They came as close as possible to the village , defensive lines were prepared, in case of a battle with the garrison, the teachers of the orphanage prepared the kids for a night hike. A group of scouts, bypassing the enemy posts , took the pupils of the orphanage beyond the outskirts to the planned places. The partisans at that time came close to the village and prepared to meet the children. Part of the partisans was at the edge of the forest, ready to join the battle. Without the memories of vasily barminsky, in the semidarkness we saw a procession of children. What a touching picture it was of sick and Young Children carried in their arms by educators and many children who became pupils, they walked on their own, despite all the fear and horror that night , nothing was heard, but the children did not cry hungry exhausted. They courageously endured all the hardships. The children wanted to live. He still recalled such a touching moment that the children at the beginning looked at him in fright, it was all unusual. Was, and then a little dared. So, they asked, we were partisans and the children talked. Well , you us it was with these children, when it was already visible. Well, the children have already been saved, which means, uh, the partisans removed all the ambushes, which means they also left together. Uh, with these children , the partisan zone. And what is the partisan zone according to the scalepper it was almost three districts. There were about a thousand trees and lived somewhere around 100,000. E residents. It was such a rinse, the partisan children were taken there and, of course, they were washed and fed. That means, uh, everything uh, put them in order and then distributed them among the inhabitants. It was still a lot of children. Uh, there were about 100 60 children, well , there were 30 fascist teachers there, having learned that the partisans carried out such a daring operation under their noses, they were literally. Shocked they tried to silence her even disbanded. The rumor that the orphanage was taken to germany but soon the entire population of polotsk and the surrounding villages found out the truth about the fate of the children, the news of the rescue of the children spread around all the partisan detachments of the polotskkolepel partisan zone, inspiring the patriots to new battlefields. The children were saved. Of course this is important. Well, well, for everyone, probably for the role of salvation for each person. Eh, children are our future and therefore it was important to bring them out to save. Rescued boys. After the war , as adults, they dispersed to different parts of our country. In 1980, in polotsk , an exciting meeting took place between the former participants in the partisan pilots operation and the rescued pupils of the orphanage , already grownup people gathered for it. Now they themselves have become fathers and mothers , grandfathers and grandmothers after the war, having matured, former pupils realized the price paid for their lives by people who slept during the great patriotic war, the memory of the courage of the partizans and the heroism of the pilots forever remained in their hearts low bow to them, said the grateful soviet people saved by the defenders of the fatherland in the harsh years of the war. 1944, after the liberation of the belarusian city of liozno, when dismantling the brickwork of a destroyed stove in one of the houses, a small yellow envelope was found on the envelope with the address of the active army, field mail from usanin petru on the other the words are written on the side with a pencil, dear, uncle, or aunt, whoever finds this letter hidden from the germans, i beg you to drop it immediately into the mailbox. It contained a letter from the belarusian girl katya susanina, who was given into slavery to the nazi landowner, exhausted and driven to despair on her birthday. She committed suicide. It was her farewell letter to her father with the last request to take revenge on the nazis for the murdered mother. Hello with you live Lyudmila Kozak and in this evening news release readiness for School Nutritional questions