And the natural richness of belarus, you can prostrate on a bracelet, there is a ball in the lake below crazy , call gods wok, called the lakes torn off by its obrys and the cell guesses the water into the lake maya, the shape of the correct circle yakaya does not change for stretching debts there is far, that the voka is littering for the right people from heaven and shmat their such fried lusters in belarus. They help to temporarily isolate themselves from the outside world and relax or, on the contrary, cheer up, we use them everywhere on the street on the road during business negotiations. And in general , most often we reach for them mechanically, because we are so used to this device. But if it were not for the work of his scientists, or rather, they would not have been proved in our life either. This is the next half an hour in the focus of our attention. Headphones today. My name is ekaterina beret. Hello and lets get started. Without a phone, there would be no headphones together, lets study the history of the development of one of the most popular devices, find out what new products are offered to consumers today by global manufacturers and where the sound comes from, we will study the inside of the headphones together with a scientist. Headphones would not have appeared if the telephone had not been invented first in the history of the issue, i propose to figure it out right now. In 1875 , Alexander Bell patents a telephone device, new for that time, immediately after that , scientists invent many accessories for to him, in particular, the frenchman ernesto mercadier had the idea of creating the worlds first headphones that connected to the phone. Its the same time. An English Company installs microphones in concert halls and invites its subscribers to listen to symphonies through headphones; this makes the invention, revolutionary at that time , popular two decades after the advent of radio, american engineer Nathaniel Baldwin literally assembles his version of headphones with good quality in the kitchen sound. The americans began to use this invention for military purposes. Headphones are beginning to acquire the features of modern technology. Device in 1925, with the discovery of the socalled dynamic loudspeaker, the part in which the conversion of an electrical signal into sound takes place, the sound quality becomes cleaner and better, thanks to which headphones begin to be used in recording studios, the first professional model for these purposes is created in germany in 1937 , but still these headphones had a flaw. They transmitted sound only in mono format. That is, the signal came through one channel, in contrast to the stereo format, which appeared the role of the case for engineers. John kos was visited by a friend who needed to listen to a recording from two microphones. It was not possible to do this through the monon headphones. Therefore, they had to invent their own model of the cosmos, it became revolutionary and is still being produced. The German Company sennheiser decides to make headphones easier and less invents the first popular model in 1968. Worth noting what . Despite all the convenience of the invention listening to music so far it was possible only through a tape recorder, or by connecting headphones to speakers, the Japanese Company sony produces a player with headphones. So people get the opportunity to listen to music, where they want in 1995, manufacturers began to use the noise reduction system invented back in the seventies of the last century by the american lobster bows. And in 2005, the world saw the first Wireless Headphones that worked thanks to the bluetooth system from a littleknown company with at this point, firms began year after year to produce a variety of according to the price and technical characteristics of headphone models about which headphones manufacturers are ready to offer today and which model is better to choose right now, my headphones are available for any occasion for playing sports for work for gaming streams. And if you decide to buy them for the first time, then our advice to you is to immediately go to a consultant, because its difficult to figure out this variety of devices yourself. In general, headphones can be divided into two large groups wired and wireless. You can also highlight inear headphones and overhead headphones overhead can be both wired and wireless, also applies to inear headphones. They can also be wired or wireless. It all depends on what the buyer wants, and manufacturers are ready to offer it in a variety of variations. If you want to use them to work for negotiations, then, of course, it is better to consider wired headphones and be sure to have a microphone, if you want to buy headphones in order to listen to music, play sports, then, of course, it is better to consider a wireless beach, as for inear headphones or overhead headphones, it already depends on what kind of sound you want to get the sound quality, of course, overhead headphones are better, but at the same time they are more overall, again, if you want to use them outdoors. E in the heat, then there is a problem in this, that they will really be like this in this regard , Wireless Headphones, which earbuds are more attractive. As for the inear headphones, they are, of course, in the issue of convenience wins, but their sound quality is much weaker. Again, it all depends on the sensitivity of the headphones on the sound range from the manufacturer. In any case, when buying, it is best for you to listen to them in order to decide whether the sound quality suits you, the dimensions, how they lie in your ears. Is it convenient for you to interact with them and coming from this already make a decision to buy them or not . This applies, of course, to wired headphones there are headphones that have a usb connector that can only be plugged into a computer. There are also headphones that have a 3. 5 jack plug that you plug into your mobile phones. Their. It can also be used on a computer. And despite the fact that the market offers everything that a consumer might want, the most popular headphone models are still simple wired ones for mobile phones. Design sound quality price of these characteristics we have already studied. But have you thought about it . What if talking to the reverse side of the headphones in a simple language, do not rush to look for the answer on the internet with us. Sergey sergeevich, candidate of physics and mathematics, is in touch. Hello. So tell us how those very first headphones in the world worked, how modern headphones work. Hello ekaterina, the question is very interesting prototype of headphones. Strange as it may seem, it is an ordinary trumpet bugle. Which represents. Such a very simple device. If we blow it here, the pipe will make a sound that will spread, but if we listen to it from the side where we dooley then it turns out that she perceives and amplifies the sounds that are around and this is how the horn was arranged to increase the rumors of this device, probably for a very many years, as we know at the time of the 1880s. Approximately was created the phone. The signal coming by phone was listened to with the help of a special auditory tube , there was a membrane and the subscriber listened to it from this side. Well, this device can hardly be called an earpiece, and it remained in this form until telephone exchanges appeared 10 years later due to active with the development of the telephone and electrical communication , mercadier created what is called an earpiece already in our understanding. It consisted of a box with a device, as we now call a tab, which was shot directly into the auricle, which is interesting, the first earphone that was created screamed all the idea that returned to our time, well, its system consisted. There were two from the spring mode and headphones. This was due to the fact that this system was developed specifically for telephone operators. They needed to hear the signal that comes and uh doesnt hear what s going on around because she was in the way. If we talk about the device itself with headphones, it was different from what we now use, namely as the element that reproduced the sound. Uh, the piezoelectric element or piezo worked. E what is it . This is without an element, lets say a plate that has a piezoelectric effect, which means that if a plus or minus voltage is applied to it, it will change shape. Just another voltage will bend it will rush in the other direction, that is, it works like a reproducing membrane with enough e, good data at that time and allowing. To receive a very weak signal , this device would have remained, as a specialized device for telephone operators already at the beginning of the last century , what is called a dynamic earpiece appeared, namely, it was already an electromagnetic system. It worked already on a completely different principle, namely, the reproducing heart of this device was an electromagnetic coil, which attached to the membrane. Well, there was a metal core here, of course, and , uh, a signal was being sent here. Such a headphone device made it possible to repeatedly increase the quality of reproduction and e, bring it to perfection to the full Frequency Band that a person could hear. An engineering leap in the development of headphones is considered the moment when they switched from a spring with a chin to a spring on the head. E became much. Easier. They use less pressure on the ears, but in the sixties appeared in a series of headphones. That is, of course, everything is not worth it. In place in the already e, the seventies , the first Wireless Headphones appeared and the first headphones that worked without wires were based on signal transmission using an infrared emitter, namely, we had headphones. At the top they had a photodetector, and on our amplifier there was a photo booth that distributed. Light infrared invisible light at a distance of up to 50 m. And this already made it possible to move quite calmly, but of course, it was. Not the best solution, the first ones appeared a little later headphones that were already transmitting signals via radio and operating at a frequency of 900 mhz, this system was made presented to the buyer and immediately removed from sale, because 900 mhz was a military radio frequency, the military cut it all down. Well, of course, they changed the frequency and all these headphones, of course, were expensive and uncomfortable. You had to have your own transmitter, your receiver for the time when the wellknown bluetooth appeared, that is, here a certain protocol is defined for a frequency. The radio wave transmits a digital signal, that is, without loss and without noise, it appeared as a great impetus for the creation of wireless phones headphones, which at first from ordinary headphones that are worn on the ears with a spring pressing on, two completely independent devices turned into embedded headphones. Each has its own receiver. What made the system even more noiseproof and their quality grew every day, roughly in brief, is the history and devices of the headphones that we now have. Everyone has at least a pocket today in their ears. Sergey sergeevich thank you very much for such a detailed answer. And we continue and heres Something Else well talk about further. In transport on the street and at work. Is frequent use of headphones harmful to human health . When it is impossible without them, together with the rhinolaryngologist , we will figure out what issues medical headphones help to solve and find out. In what situations is it better to leave a modern device in your pocket. Control through contingencies enter the entire public state of a certain shock is now the main strategy that will use the west and beyond the laws through. Through elections. Radicals to power. They will never come, the people hate them by military means. Now belarus cannot be defeated. So, the bet will be made on terror. Extremism is not before anything the west will not stop any means will be thrown for belarus in their scenario of one twentyfourth twenty fifth year, an attempt by any me from within to blow up the situation. Today, we must be ready every day to protect our world, including the sovereignty project objectively. Do not miss the new releases on belarus 24 tv channel. They arrived in belarus and stuck to it with all my heart, belarus that country, which falls in love with a feeling of some kind of kinship and closeness. It is present. All those who visited me here are sick of belarus, in fact, from the heart from the heart. And they dont even compare with some other countries, because there is some kind of unique atmosphere here, unique people are very friendly, very hospitable here. They found a lifes work and realized themselves in belarus to become a successful businessman. The first one is the most. The main thing is the name of the animal today. We created about 100 jobs 90 these were russian projects. Belarus gave me all the opportunities, as a person, can live and feel comfortable in his life. And what else do you need an extra job has given me a lot and im happy to be a diploma. We serve for the good of our fatherland, watch on our tv channel. According to recent studies, more than 50 of people in developed countries use headphones. Mostly. These are teenagers young people aged 12 to 35 years. And many of them use the device for hours. And not even can sleep without it. The question naturally arises. Is it safe to use headphones like this, but as we have already seen more than once science and in this case, doctors have conducted hundreds of studies nearby, and the results that we will now find out about the topic will be discussed by the head of the department of hearing prosthetics , doctor of thorin laryngologist victoria valerievna good afternoon good morning , joy to see mutually in order to generally carry on a dialogue with headphones. Yes, lets first figure out how safe or still it is dangerous to use them, because it is the most. It seems to me a popular user question, well, on the internet exactly and some authors claim that not everything is as good as it seems at first glance. The use of headphones is regulated by standards, not only by the world health organization, but also by the International Electrotechnical commission. There is a special standard called itum, which regulates the safe use of headphones, it is recommended to listen to no more than five hours a week for a maximum of 45 hours. Hours a day. That is, if all these rules are observed. So we can be quiet behind our ears, the volume of using the device is also important and it is recommended to use a sound intensity of up to 80 db maximum. And let me talk about headphones that help people hear. This is a completely separate story. Any earphone helps to hear. The main thing is that the earphone, e, pass Clinical Trials and the effectiveness and safety of using headphones has been proven. Or always spend ahah, some Scientific ResearchClinical Trials in order to prove safety, and therefore if a person wants to purchase headphones. Its very cool. Its not bad. Plus. This is some kind of auditory training that we actually very often prescribe to our patients. Not only dry prosthetics, but also to prepare for a hearing aid, but a hearing aid is in fact also an earphone or not, its not quite a modern computer that analyzes, measures , counts and converts sound, making it more affordable, moreover, i a special amplification formula that is used for certain degrees of hearing loss with a certain form of hearing impairment in order to provide the most optimal accurate sound while preparing for the program, but found such a concept of hidden hearing loss. Is it like in English Literature it is called chi . What it means is an audiological diagnosis, which can only be made by a doctor when conducting objective Research Methods in accordance with our current and clinical protocols, there is no such diagnosis, because its not a hearing loss. But this is what precedes a pronounced impairment of the servants, which can lead already in the future to a limitation of life, to some extent, and latent hearing impairments this is actually quite a serious situation. They are from exposure to loud sounds enough to visit a concert once, where the sound volume is 140 db, you can get irreversible changes in hearing exposure to loud sounds. At the hunters. Often there are hidden hearing impairments ototoxic drugs can cause the development of these diseases genetic diseases. Unfortunately, arterial hypertension, among other things, can lead to the development of this disease. How does it manifest itself . We perceive sound with the help of ours. The organs of hearing, which consists of parts of the perceiving part, which is called the receptor, in this perceiving part there are external and internal hair cells. One part perceives the sound, and starting to move, it oscillates a and these movements are transformed with the help of the other part in the nervous impulse from exposure to loud sounds, and the part that converts vibrations into a nerve impulse suffers. Unfortunately, often. These are irreversible changes. How does this manifest itself . This, unfortunately in everyday life, is that in a normal acoustic environment, when silence, the patient hears well. He understands everything quite clearly. But, when she finds herself in a difficult acoustic situation. In the noise of his speech intelligibility, a person is genetically reduced. Maybe he doesnt even fully understand what the people next to him are saying. To unfortunately. I encounter this every day, that is, there are a lot of such patients. Yes they are correct. Refusal to take care of your ears now, unfortunately, there is also sound pollution, which is actively used in the modern world and we are not used to protecting our ears when repairs are underway. Yes, when someone mows the grass, after all, we do not think that we need to wear noiseabsorbing headphones in order to preserve our hearing; moreover, unfortunately, in accordance with our mentality. We dont have much who shows, and among our patients, responsibility for their health regularly undergoes a medical checkup monitors their Blood Pressure and sugar levels in order to prevent the development of any pathological conditions, which can also have a detrimental effect on hearing. Unfortunately, e hearing loss is usually irreversible help is very difficult. This is possible only in the first month from hearing loss medication. The rest are all methods of hearing that make it possible for our patients to hear clearly. Rehabilitation. Methods are prostheses, these are various types of middle ear implants, either cochlear implantation in case of severe hearing loss, deafness, or the fourth degree of hearing loss, returning to our main topic. Yes, headphones. I already understood the viewer. I am also sure that the volume should be within the normal range. Yes, but what, tell me about the form for hearing. In general, it is important what shape or not, we recommend using large headphones, because they are safer, but if the headphones are from a serious manufacturer and you can read about the earphones were conducted either what kind of Clinical Trials, where exactly the strength of the sound that puts pressure on the eardrum is known. In this case, you can also use such headphones; moreover, there are patients who want to get prosthetic hearing, but when trying on a hearing aid and a selection. They feel uncomfortable, then i recommend it. Then, as a preparatory period, use inear gadgets in order to practice getting used to the sound and understand how comfortable it is, how much you uncomfortable for when a person has already made some decision for himself. He was ready, plus the psychoemotional component is also very important. Yes, but the process, that is, we are not afraid. If there are any. Yes, there are some problems, feel free to come to you. And you, with the help of modern achievements in medicine, are already capable of much. I understand correctly. Thank you so much for this conversation, and we continue, if in matters of hearing, headphones are practically safe, as we found out situations when it is better to remove them or not to wear them, in general, i say, now, of course , my colleagues will continue the topic of the road. When you become a road user, when you pass, approach the carriageway, a first of all , what is most important is your attentiveness, because one awkward movement can cost you damage, and someone else in big problems, so using headphones in while driving while participating in traffic tastes this inspection prohibits adults from telling children about this. This should be reminded by the elders to their nephew, brother sisters. To anyone, children , teenagers, youth, in particular. They love music most of all, they like to listen to something to communicate, and while driving, in particular, when you are a pedestrian, you cant use headphones when you are a road user, if you use any gadgets while driving while walking, in particular headphones. And your attention is scattered, you are distracted. And this is the most important reason why, while minors, and adolescents, young people can often fall into Traffic Accident in the same way put on headphones, but already leaving the house in the yard, being a pedestrian. You may be in danger because a car may be parked. Maybe a dumpster. Maybe a bush will grow and you wont be seen. And if your auditory perception is still limited, then, unfortunately, this can lead to trouble, so to savagely speak remind that headphones cannot be used while driving very often, leaving public transport, leaving the subway, approaching a pedestrian crossing, we observe such a picture when young people mechanically put on headphones and use them while driving in we strongly recommend not to do this in places with high traffic. Uh, the concentration of people of increased concentration of transport is optional. Ah, transportation. Uh, in this Railroad Crossing , you still need to concentrate your attention on the movement and on yourself, as road users, because this is all your attention, as soon as it dissipates, a the loss of some minutes and the result of the entire Traffic Accident, and the consequences can already be completely different on the internet. I came across one phrase that is actually deep in meaning, the author wrote that in the human stream he most of all feels sorry for girls and guys for whom headphones are part of the face that covers their ears from the words of their peers. The media hopes that your headphones will never interfere with listening to other people, topics. That when creating this device, as well as when improving it, scientists were absolutely other goals. In this information vacuum, there is a need for answers to questions hovering in the air, at least about the prospects for belarus , the goals and main challenges of membership meets the fundamental National Interests of belarus