for the task in front of us. linkedin have been crunching through millions ofjob adverts — and its co—founderjoins me with those results. plus, the man running one of the world's leading electric car companies, polestar, tells me how they're getting their workforce ready for the demands of the future. i'm sameer hashmi here at cop28 in dubai, where funds worth billions of dollars have been announced for the carbon transition. i'll be getting you all the reaction from a new generation of voices. there are barely any opportunities for young people who want to enter the green industry. and we'll wrap things up with lord john browne — the man who nearly, 30 years ago, started a transition to a greener future while running oil giant bp. so, three decades on, how much closer are we to a world beyond petroleum? wherever you'rejoining me from around the world, once again, a big hello and warm welcome to the show. "we are living through climate collapse in real—time." that was the warning of the head of the united nations, antonio guterres, as the un's conference on climate change — known as cop28 — opened in dubai. money — it's been flooding into a climate transition for a long time now. lots more of it was announced just in the last few days — and we'll hear about those big money announcements from cop very shortly. but going back between 2014 and 2020, the eu spent 220 billion euros — that's $240 billion — on climate change projects, and has since announced hundreds of billions more. in the united states, in just the last year, $110 billion was committed to the sector by private business, spurred on by incentives in president biden�*s inflation reduction act. but can business spend the billions effectively? because a disconnect has emerged between the number ofjobs being advertised to work in that sector and the number of people with the skills to do them. recently, linkedin crunched through more than 900 million users on its database and analysed job listings in 48 countries. it found the jobs requiring at least one green skill grew by 15%, but only one in eight workers had any of those green skills. we'll delve into those numbers with one of linkedin�*s founders in a moment. but first, let's go to dubai — where our middle east business correspondent, sameer hashmi, has the details of the new billions of dollars that are being pledged for the impact of climate change and for the green transition. it's been an action—packed week here at cop28 in dubai. a lot of announcements, billions of dollars being pledged. it all started on day one, when a historic agreement was reached among countries to launch the loss and damage fund, which will pay poor countries money for the savages and effects of climate change. now, this was a sticking point for many years because countries were not able to agree how to launch this fund, who will pay for it, who will host it? so this was a big breakthrough — but that was not all. on day two, we saw the united arab emirates, the host, launching a $30 billion climate action fund. now, this will focus on two areas — finding solutions and ideas for climate action, and also provide money to projects in the global south so that they can fight and find solutions, as far as climate solutions go. so can some of this money be used to skill people, or reskill people so that they're ready to join these projects and execute them on the ground? now, i've been speaking to some young people who are attending cop28 and are already working in the industry, or are looking to find a breakthrough into the industry. companies need to have an aspect that focuses on young people. that gives them the opportunity to be able to break into the system, through internship programmes or literacy programmes, or fellowships. yeah, so when these type of programmes are institutionalised in these companies or institutions, it makes it easier for young people to penetrate the system, because they expect us to have certain skill sets and knowledges. but then, what are some of the capacity building programmes that are in place to enable us to get these experiences? so they speak about having two years' of work experience — how can i have two years of work experience when i'm not given the opportunity to learn? there are barely any— opportunities for young people who want to enter the green - industry, who have amazing startups, amazing plans, different plans. so they don't really— have the finance and the opportunity to go forward with it. so i think that is one i of the major obstacles. something that really needs to change in the industry is diversity and inclusion. i work in a very male—dominated industry and, although there is work in place — like for example in new zealand, we've got the diversity agenda — but the thing is that we need to be inclusive of diverse perspectives in our industry. so those were some of the young voices talking about the challenges when it comes to looking for a job. so how can this be fixed? i spoke to someone who has solutions forthis, sarah alamiri — she's the uae minister for state education and advanced technologies. she also wears another hat — she's the head of the uae�*s space agency. thanks a lot, minister, for talking to the bbc. now, one of the things that has been of concern — that globally, if you look, there is a huge industry out there for greenjobs, various industries — but there isn't sufficient manpower for it. there's a skill shortage, there's a gap. as someone who's headed many ministries, and you look after public education. you also had the space agency, space projects, are the challenges similar in terms of skilling or finding the right skilled people or reskilling when it comes to green jobs, you think? so, skilling becomes very easy when you have opportunities, and opportunities that have economic sense, and they have longevity in the market. so when it comes to green jobs, we need to take a step back and look at what'll create them first and sustain them in the long run, and make them economically feasible, rather thanjust a need or want to tick off a box. what do you think needs to change to reskill people, or find the right skills to meet the requirements of the market right now? what needs to change fundamentally is an understanding. we cannot fix a problem that we don't know. and to know the problem that we have at hand, we need to understand what is the potential that exists today in the market, whatjobs are going to be created, and how you enhance the potential of creation of those jobs. if you look globally, there's one report that's come outjust from linkedin, which says that the talent that's available in the market, only one out of eight people have either some skills, or the required skills to be able to do thatjob. so there's a huge gap out there. absolutely, and that's why transition is important. that's why we're focusing on middle management. on enhancing the necessary knowhow and knowledge to be able to provide a level of knowledge, and a level of depth of knowledge to actually action the green jobs. you're not going to turn on a switch and suddenly find people that are capable to go intojobs that are relevant to climate change, and jobs that tackle reduction in emissions. you need to build and enhance those individuals from talent that existed in your talent pool, and start expanding the jobs to become solid programmes, and start then attracting new people into the talent pool. how big a challenge do you see this? the whole issue of reskilling, finding the right skill and having that pool to really address this problem, when the world is going through this transition? awareness is very important on what potential and opportunities exist in the sector. and that allows you to enhance and provide the necessary knowledge for students at an early age, so that they're aware of the potential of where they can impact change and what sectors they can work in. well, thank you so much for sharing your thoughts. i think running the space mission was more challenging than this, it sounds like, after speaking to you. but thank you so much for sharing your thoughts and time with the bbc. thank you. that was sarah al amiri talking about some of the possible solutions that can be implemented to address that issue. over to you in the studios, aaron. a big thank you to sameer — sameer hashmi there, in dubai. now, the biggest research into the green skills gap — it comes from the global employment social network linkedin, which crunched through job listings in 48 countries and, of course, details from its near—billion members. so i decided to catch up with its co—founder, who was also at cop28. allen blue, a real pleasure having you on the show. and allen, before we get into the nuts and bolts, i want to start with this — because we talk about green skills and green jobs. allen, what kind ofjobs and skills are we actually talking about? so, a green skill is going to be a specific skill, and usually a technical skill which is specific to either removing carbon from the economy, or in preserving natural resources. so, right now, there is already a gap between the demand for these skills, and the availability of those skills in the workforce. so, at linkedin, we look at hiring across all industries. and when we look at green hiring, it's actually 26% higher than the average across all the other industries. so there's huge demand — and that's, of course, good news for taking the action that we need to in order to be able to address climate change. the growth of demand is growing exponentially, because more and more and more projects are coming online all the time. so we have a gap right now — but that gap is about to become a yawning chasm. allen, i'mjust wondering, are younger people perhaps more motivated to look into this area than, say, older people? we see younger people really thinking about the mission of their company, and specifically around climate. they actually choose their employer based, in many cases, on that employer's dedication to overcoming the climate crisis. now, i must say that's not true everywhere, because this climate crisis, of course, is worldwide. and so, in every single place in the world, there are different factors in terms of how people choose their jobs. allen, we know that a lot of key areas like engineering and technology is still sadly overwhelmingly male—dominated. is there a job to do in bringing more female talent into these areas? absolutely — our data, as i said, shows that only one in ten women have green skills, one in eight men do. we also see that women are underrepresented as entrepreneurs in the green space, and underrepresented as executives in the green space. so absolutely, there is a kind of green ceiling which is basically holding back women in the workforce, in the green workforce. however, we've gotten pretty good. we, industry, we, civil society, we, government have gotten pretty good at balancing the scales by taking intentional action around building gender equity in the way we build our companies. and of course, that's, again, different around the world, but we have a choice to make this growth inclusive. well, on that point, allen blue, the co—founder of linkedin, a pleasure having you on the show. thanks for your time, and we'll check in with you soon. thank you very much. ok, so, so far in the show, we've been looking at the billions of dollars pouring into the fight against climate change in green industries, and of course, the challenge of skilling up the workforce to meet all of those targets. well, one big area is electric vehicles. it's been one of the fastest—growing green tech skills requiring just not new cars, but also batteries, and the infrastructure for charging them. and my next guest, well, he's the big boss of polestar — that's the swedish electric car—maker. thomas ingenlath, thanks very much for your time. and thomas, let me start with this. we're seeing a lot of demand for people with green skill — well, more demand than supply, if you like — i'm wondering, have you found that to be a problem? i would agree. there's still, you know, a certain discrepancy between, you know, what would be needed to drive this transformation. but i think, as well, i see that as well happening, it's an incredible opportunity for people to actually transform their self and their skillset, and their great education maybe in technologies that might not be that much needed any more in the future, butjust simply go out and learn. i mean, that is where... you know, i've been working in the car industry for 25 years, felt it's getting a little bit stale and, you know, not so much happening any more. and then, suddenly, with electrification, there was this incredible almost like a rebirth — innovation, speed, and exciting stuff happening. and grabbing that and giving that shift maybe to your own personal career, and getting into it, indeed, i think it's a great opportunity for a lot of people. and thomas, here's a question i've always wanted to know — how does electric car production differ from that of traditional car manufacturing? well, aaron, from a pure complexity point of view, the production of the electric car is not that different at all from producing a combustion—engine car. as a matter of fact, we have factories where pretty much both propulsion systems are produced almost on one line. they kind of marry together very soon — so our polestar cars are produced together with hybrid cars or combustion—engine cars from volvo, for example, in one factory. the big difference, obviously, is where the value creation is, and what is so much the complexity and the technology challenge in the combustion engine. in an electric car, obviously, that is much more within the battery — almost a third of the value of the car's in the battery. so, producing an electric car, i think, each and everybody in the car industry has to ask themself, how much do they get involved into battery production, and then, further down the line, even the cell production? so this is where the value creation is in the electric car. thomas, i get a lot of viewers asking me to ask the question about batteries. thomas, what happens to the old batteries being used in these cars? yeah, thank you for asking, because it's actually a good moment to clear this out. it's absolutely no problem — the issue about the recycling of the batteries. a, opposite to a lot of prejudice, the battery in an electric car actually lasts much longer than people think, even much longer than us in the industry predicted in the beginning. so this lifetime of the battery is actually more than the eight years, probably more than the decade. it's really not that much of an urgent question. having said that, of course, we have very good research going on on how to recycle, how to get back the materials from the battery, and feed it back into the supply chain. indeed, your question about lithium, for example — yes, the initial phase of getting a certain volume out there, from a certain time on it, it's much more about recycling, getting into the circular economy, and using the materials that you once put and invested into the whole stock of electric cars, and recycling it into the new electric cars. well, on that point, thomas ingenlath, a pleasure having you with us. good luck with everything, and we'll talk to you again soon. great, thanks a lot. bye, aaron. well, my final guest, he saw the green transition coming a long time ago when he was the big boss of one of the biggest oil companies in the world. he set bp on a course to diversify to what he famously called beyond petroleum. now, almost 30 years later, he's the chairman of beyond net zero, which invests in high—growth businesses which they think have the potential to combat climate change at scale. lord john browne, always great to have you on the show. and john, let me start with this — quite frankly, do you think it's a big issue, this green skills gap? i'm wondering if you think it's a real problem for this transition? yes, i do. but i think we can fill that gap probably faster than we can fill the investment gap that we need to be filled to get to the right point. you know, we've got to at least treble, if not nowadays think about quadrupling the global investment on green energy and green transformation to about $4—5 trillion. but the skills are coming along. what is exciting about this is, it's a very exciting space for young people to be in. everybody wants to be there. you can see it here at cop, the climate conference. a lot of young people, a lot more young people will want to be involved here. well, john, that's interesting you say that, because we've been speaking to young people — in fact, we spoke to three young women who were at cop28 — all of them want to get into the green transition arena, but they're struggling. and so, i'm just asking you, do you think more needs to be done to make this more diverse? so i think it's partly right. i mean, there's a lot of underlying engineering to be done in the green transition. and engineering historically has had a majority of males, rather than females — so men, rather than women. but actually, there's more to it than that. there is the whole customer—facing side, there's the planning, there's the whole software area which is actually dominated — well, not dominated, but much better—balanced, i'd say, activity. well, john, as you know, there was a lot of questions around holding this event in dubai — i mean, the heart of the the fossil fuel world — and about them in dubai using the conference to do oil deals. has that hung over the conference? oh, no, it's definitely hung over the conference. but my own view is this, that i've always, since 1997, i've always been saying, you know, the energy, the oil and gas industry has to be part of the solution. it can't be just sitting out there as a problem. so the better we engage them, the better they see the concern that people have over them, and actually the fury, in some cases. you know, there are banners out there in cop here that say, you know, "ban oil," "end oil," all these sorts of things. and so, it's actually good that the oil industry sees that. you know, they need to see that there are many sides to the story. they can't say, "well, we're here because we're here and you need us, and we won't do anything. that's it." that sort of arrogance doesn't work, it doesn't work at all. the world has to replace oil and gas by expanding hugely all the cleaner energies — everything from fission, nuclearfission, maybe one day nuclear fusion — my last meeting here was on the concept of nuclear fusion and how possibly, for the very first time, this is something that will be delivered notjust on the horizon forever, but there's renewable energy, there's geothermal, there's pumped hydro, there's all sorts of things like that. lots and lots of ways of making energy. but actually, we need to invest in it all. but that's the issue with oil and gas, is they're there because there's no substitute. when there's a substitute, they will slowly shrink. you recently said, john, that the uk prime minister, rishi sunak, had, and i quote here, "gone soft on net zero." do you think that's still the case here in the uk? yes, i do. i mean, we get the perspective for a moment — the fact that we adjust our targets for reducing carbon, as far as the world's concerned, is neither here nor there, because we're a very small producer of carbon. and actually, to give the uk credit, starting with mrs thatcher and beyond, where she decided that gas would replace coal, the uk's done very well in reducing the amount of carbon dioxide it pumps out, very well indeed. but we could do more. the most important thing about changing, though, commitments for electric vehicles and a variety of things like that, is that it makes business shake a bit. you know, when you do something and then change it, you're never quite sure whether there will be another change. and, while business is used to it, they say, "well, if there are other places i can invest in where i'm pretty more secure about what i'm going to do, i'll take those, and let me pause for a moment here, because credibility is at risk." and i think that's the important thing about these small changes. i understand the popularity of these in certain parts of the uk — but actually, we'd be much better off if we stuck to what we said and did what we said. but do you think, john, that the prime minister's actions could be a dividing line in the coming elections here in the uk? it's possible. it's quite possible. it depends on how it's projected. of course, everybody is very concerned about the cost of living, inflation, you know, want to make sure nothing goes up in cost — all of which is absolutely true. and we've got to figure out ways of getting to continue to drive to net zero, and not drive to poverty. but i think when you build a battery factory, when you build an ev factory, you actually create growth, and you create high—quality growth. and that's something that — coming back to skills — that's what we need to tune our skills for, so that they can participate in this growth, and participate right across the country. it doesn't have to be in one place, there are lots of places that this can be done. but we have to back our businesses properly, we really do. and i've seen too many businesses start up in a place like sheffield, and be bought by an indian conglomerate and disappear. you know, there are lots of things like that going on, and i find that a great shame for the uk. the uk is full of innovation, full of great people. we've got the skills, we're very good at engineering. let's go and do it. and, john, let me end on this. nearly 30 years ago, when you saw this change coming, do you now think we're doing enough? we're not doing enough now. and the best way to look at it is, we can be tested by the amount of money going in to change — change of the industrial system, energy transition, industrial transition, brown to green, whatever you call it. so we're spending about $1.3, 1.5 trillion on that today. and depending on who you speak to, the minimum is like, let's multiply it by three, or it could be more than that. and we need to do that immediately. well, on that point, lord john browne, always great to have you with us. thanks for your time and we'll talk to you soon. thank you very much, great to talk to you. well, that's it for this week's show, i hope you enjoyed it. don't forget, you can keep up with the latest on our global economy on the bbc website or the smartphone app. and, of course, you can also follow me on x — x me, i'll x you back. you can get me at @bbcaaron. thanks for watching, i'll see you soon, bye—bye. hello. we had wind and rain yesterday, last night, some wet weather around today as well. how about the outlook for the week ahead? further spells of wind and rain in the forecast, but there is an indication that towards the end of the week, high pressure should build from the south and the weather will settle down. it will turn drier and brighter. here's the satellite picture. 0ne low pressure clears away, here's the next one. this is actually storm fergus, named by the irish met service, met eireann. it's affecting ireland today with severe gales there in the west. we'll also have some strong winds out towards the west later today. here are the temperatures at the end of the afternoon. around 10 degrees in the south, 5 degrees expected in glasgow and edinburgh. here's the low, with wind and rain moving through parts of north—western england, into wales, ending up around lincolnshire and east anglia. towards the end of the night, the winds fall light again. temperatures between around 2 degrees in the lowlands and about 9 degrees in the south, so a relatively mild night on the way. on monday, we're in between weather systems, so totally sandwiched between one low here and another one approaching off the atlantic and some weather fronts further south, too. i think a greater chance of some dry and bright if not sunny weather, at least for a time tomorrow, although not everywhere, because we have an easterly wind here, around aberdeenshire, fife, into the borders, so often cloudy and some spots of rain. but the next weather front is approaching — the next area of low pressure. and that low will be sweeping over us during the course of tuesday, so frequent showers, quite windy as well off the welsh coasts, the south west of england, central and southern england, and particularly wet in eastern scotland. it's that wind off the north sea constantly pushing in the rain clouds, so it could be really wet here and further north across scotland. and then, wednesday, that low pressure pulls away, we will still be brushed by weather systems to the north, but watch this high. it's starting to build in from the azores, spreading across the country from friday onwards, into the weekend, so it looks as though things are going to be settling down, and this is reflected in our outlook for midweek onwards and into the weekend. from about friday, much drier and brighter weather. and certainly saturday and sunday, some sunshine around. bye— bye. live from london. this is bbc news. fighting is intensifying in gaza s second city, khan younis ? with residents ordered by israeli forces to leave central areas. the head of the world health organisation has said the war in gaza is having a catastrophic impact on health care there. the who has verified more than 4119 attacks on healthcare in gaza on the west bank and 60 attacks on healthcare. healthcare should never be a target. britain's former immigration minister robertjenrick redoubles his attack on the government's rwanda plan, saying it's "unworkable". in argentina, right—wing libertarian economistjavier milei is sworn in as president. hello, i'm maryam moshiri. welcome to bbc news. israel has ordered residents to leave the centre of gaza's main southern city, khan younis, as fighting there intensifies. there's been heavy bombardment of the territory overnight. the head of the israeli army has called for the military campaign in gaza to be stepped up. israeli tanks are reported to be slowly advancing towards the centre of khan younis and there are reports of house—to—house fighting in the city. the head of the world health organization has said the war in gaza is having a catastrophic impact on healthcare there. tedros adhanom ghebreyesus warned health workers are having to work