process that recognition of risk from june 2022, november 2020, when we know the nature of the clinically extremely vulnerable changed to include down�*s syndrome? extremely vulnerable changed to include down's syndrome? nervtag is a committee — include down's syndrome? nervtag is a committee of — include down's syndrome? nervtag is a committee of dhsc, _ include down's syndrome? nervtag is a committee of dhsc, and _ include down's syndrome? nervtag is a committee of dhsc, and therefore i a committee of dhsc, and therefore its output is fed directly into dhsc. this question is best addressed to someone in dhsc or the cmo, they were not sage questions, they were important clinical questions and important operational matters, but i wouldn't expect them to come to sage, and i do not think putting sage in the middle of any future planner around this would be a sensible action.— future planner around this would be a sensible action._ mr i a sensible action. thank you. mr jacobs, a sensible action. thank you. mr jacobs. sorry. — a sensible action. thank you. mr jacobs, sorry, last— a sensible action. thank you. mr jacobs, sorry, last again! - a sensible action. thank you. mr jacobs, sorry, last again! thank| jacobs, sorry, last again! thank ou, m jacobs, sorry, last again! thank you. my lady- _ jacobs, sorry, last again! thank you. my lady- sir _ jacobs, sorry, last again! thank you, my lady. sir patrick, - jacobs, sorry, last again! thank you, my lady. sir patrick, i- jacobs, sorry, last again! thank you, my lady. sir patrick, i ask| you, my lady. sir patrick, i ask questions on behalf of the trades union congress. it is important when giving your answers, you speak into the microphone. i'm going to ask questions about decision making in respect of schools. of course, the detail will be the subject of a future module, but i have a few questions about the general approach to decision—making. i would like to start, if i may, with an entry in the inquiry schedule of your notes, 273-901, and the inquiry schedule of your notes, 273—901, and in particular page 139. so when it arrives, we are going to be looking at an entry from the 6th of august 2020, pm covid sara meeting on schools, don't want to hear about plan b and cforfailure, ijust want all hear about plan b and cforfailure, i just want all pupils back at school, and in a further quote, we are no longer taking this covid excuse stuff, get back to school. firstly, all those quotes from the prime minister? 0r codes of what he had said? it prime minister? or codes of what he had said? ., ., ~ prime minister? or codes of what he had said?_ the - had said? it looks like it. the context. _ had said? it looks like it. the context. of— had said? it looks like it. the context, of course, _ had said? it looks like it. the context, of course, sir- had said? it looks like it. the i context, of course, sir patrick, had said? it looks like it. the - context, of course, sir patrick, is looking forward to reopening that september. is it right also is a point of context that context that at that time, you and others in and around july and august 2020 had been raising some concern about the potential path of the virus over the winter months and the risks associated with lifting various npis around that time?— associated with lifting various npis around that time? yes. we had raised the risk that — around that time? yes. we had raised the risk that prevalence _ around that time? yes. we had raised the risk that prevalence was _ the risk that prevalence was increasing and would continue to increase, and i had commissioned a piece of work from the academy of medical sciences, sorry, going back to my notes, to take into account all of the things that the government needed to consider. and our view was that the increased lifting of measures would drive an increase in prevalence and that, inevitably, that starts to put pressure on the remaining things that were open. and therefore, in a sense, there is a trade—off between schools and other things, and certainly for the reasons discussed earlier, our belief was that schools should usually be the last thing too short, because of all of the knock—on consequences for children. yeah. sir patrick, given those consequences, schools being open is clearly hugely important, but given also the context around prevalence and r rates, were you concerned, on listening to that observation from the prime minister, that it was a little reckless to discourage any careful focus on when a plan b little reckless to discourage any carefulfocus on when a plan b might be needed, focusing exclusively on plan a? has be needed, focusing exclusively on plan a? �* , be needed, focusing exclusively on plan a? ~ , y ., a, be needed, focusing exclusively on plana? ~, a, plan a? as you might imagine, i was rather focused _ plan a? as you might imagine, i was rather focused on _ plan a? as you might imagine, i was rather focused on evidence-based i rather focused on evidence—based plans, and then needed to be a series of scenarios, not a single option. series of scenarios, not a single 0 tion. , �* series of scenarios, not a single 0 tion. , ~ , ., series of scenarios, not a single otion. , ~ ,., , , ., option. yes. and give us a sense of the importance _ option. yes. and give us a sense of the importance of _ option. yes. and give us a sense of the importance of those _ option. yes. and give us a sense of the importance of those scenarios i the importance of those scenarios being considered in advance, rather thanjust holding tight being considered in advance, rather than just holding tight to the plan a of schools open.— than just holding tight to the plan a of schools open. well, these are very difficult _ a of schools open. well, these are very difficult operational _ a of schools open. well, these are very difficult operational questionsj very difficult operational questions that require planning, and we are now straying outside my role, but it is pretty clear that you cannotjust flip from one plant to another without preparing. 5ir flip from one plant to another without preparing. sir patrick, you soke without preparing. sir patrick, you spoke early _ without preparing. sir patrick, you spoke early in _ without preparing. sir patrick, you spoke early in your— without preparing. sir patrick, you spoke early in your evidence i without preparing. sir patrick, you j spoke early in your evidence about meetings going around in circles. is it quite a simple consequence of having plan a but no plan b or c that one ends up, coming interface are very difficult issues, just going around circles? it are very difficult issues, 'ust going around circles? it makes it more of a _ going around circles? it makes it more of a binary _ going around circles? it makes it more of a binary choice, - going around circles? it makes it more of a binary choice, and i going around circles? it makes it more of a binary choice, and it . more of a binary choice, and it makes it more difficult if you need to change. makes it more difficult if you need to chance. ~ ., �* to change. with that in mind, i'm auoin to to change. with that in mind, i'm going to look _ to change. with that in mind, i'm going to look at _ to change. with that in mind, i'm going to look at two _ to change. with that in mind, i'm going to look at two entries i to change. with that in mind, i'm going to look at two entries in i to change. with that in mind, i'm i going to look at two entries in your notes in which you describe subsequent decision—making. the first, in the same document, is page 181. and it is from the 16th of september, sojust six 181. and it is from the 16th of september, so just six weeks also after they have a plan a, but not b or c. and there is a reference to the pm saying, maybe we should blame ourselves, in a reference to the moon shot which you have given evidence about, the rare moment of truthful insight. and then you say complete chaos over schools and what they should do, no—one had any answers. sir patrick, give us a sense of what the complete chaos was and why it was that no—one had any answers. i and why it was that no-one had any answers. ., , ., �* ~ ., and why it was that no-one had any answers. . , ., �* 4' ., . answers. i really don't know, that was my observation _ answers. i really don't know, that was my observation that - answers. i really don't know, that was my observation that day, i answers. i really don't know, that i was my observation that day, there was my observation that day, there was obviously a meeting where it didn't sound like they were getting anywhere and there were things that need to be addressed, but i do not think i can add anything to what that scribbled note said. might it have been early _ that scribbled note said. might it have been early indications i that scribbled note said. might it have been early indications of. that scribbled note said. might it| have been early indications of the that scribbled note said. might it i have been early indications of the r rates going up? we have been early indications of the r rates going on?— have been early indications of the r rates going up? we knew by then that r and prevalence _ rates going up? we knew by then that r and prevalence was _ rates going up? we knew by then that r and prevalence was going _ rates going up? we knew by then that r and prevalence was going up - rates going up? we knew by then that r and prevalence was going up and i r and prevalence was going up and were worried about it. imore r and prevalence was going up and were worried about it.— were worried about it. were you particularly _ were worried about it. were you particularly worried _ were worried about it. were you particularly worried in _ were worried about it. were you particularly worried in the i were worried about it. were you i particularly worried in the absence of a plan b? irate particularly worried in the absence of a plan b?— of a plan b? we were worried that action would _ of a plan b? we were worried that action would need _ of a plan b? we were worried that action would need to _ of a plan b? we were worried that action would need to be _ of a plan b? we were worried that action would need to be taken i of a plan b? we were worried that action would need to be taken of i action would need to be taken of some sort and that needed to be defined, and i think i'm right in saying that five days after this, sir chris whitty and i held a press conference where we described what we saw as a dangerous emerging situation. , , ., situation. the next entry is at page 339 of the same _ situation. the next entry is at page 339 of the same document. - situation. the next entry is at page 339 of the same document. it i situation. the next entry is at page 339 of the same document. it is i situation. the next entry is at page 339 of the same document. it is an entry of the 3rd of january 2021. that was a day before primary schools were sent back for one day wasn't it, sir patrick? we see that it says the nhs in london is in real trouble, the government needs to lock down more firmly and to take the advice on schools. called chris and agreed to listen directly. he is worried about individual extremist views. schools is a complete mess, largely due to department for education. why did you make the observation, at that stage, that schools was a complete mess, and is largely due to the dfe, the department for education? i was obviously frustrated _ department for education? i was obviously frustrated that - department for education? i —" obviously frustrated that evening, i was obviously very concerned about the rising rates, and i do remember london looked like it was in big trouble at moments, and that schools were considered to be an important part of the spread of what then, i think, was the alpha variant that was spreading very rapidly throughout the younger part of the population. so i think that is the background to this. i really don't know why i said schools is a complete mess, all i can say is that the impression i came away from the meetings with. in the impression i came away from the meetings with-— meetings with. in terms of your impression _ meetings with. in terms of your impression of — meetings with. in terms of your impression of meetings, - meetings with. in terms of your impression of meetings, not i impression of meetings, not necessarily that day but over the course of that first year of the pandemic, did you form a view as to the effectiveness of the working relationship between number ten and the cabinet office, and the secretary of state for education? i had many discussions with the permanent secretary at dfe, who was really trying to get on top of this, and to understand the advice on schools, and i know there was some very strong views held by the secretary of state there, and those views were discussed and are sometimes taken up and sometimes not ljy sometimes taken up and sometimes not by number ten. it didn't seem to me that there was necessarily an alignment between what was going on at the political level, and there was attempts by the permanent secretary to try and draw some structure to what was happening in dfe around this area. you structure to what was happening in dfe around this area.— dfe around this area. you describe there wasn't _ dfe around this area. you describe there wasn't necessarily _ dfe around this area. you describe there wasn't necessarily an - there wasn't necessarily an alignment. is that a slightly delicate way of putting it? how would you describe the extent to which there was a sense of coherent planning between number ten and the secretary of state for education? i was worried that schools planning was worried that schools planning was not under control, that there wasn't a very clear plan as to what would happen and why it was going to happen and how it would be implemented. in happen and how it would be implemented.— happen and how it would be imlemented. , ., , ., implemented. in terms of trying to understand why — implemented. in terms of trying to understand why it _ implemented. in terms of trying to understand why it might _ implemented. in terms of trying to understand why it might not i implemented. in terms of trying to understand why it might not have i understand why it might not have been under control, could we look at page 605 of the same document, the schedule of notes? so we can see an entry on your notebooks from the 11th ofjune 2020, just posing there, is that jonathan slater, the permanent secretary at the time that you were referring to there?— secretary at the time that you were referring to there? yes. slater describes _ referring to there? jazz slater describes keeping gavin referring to there? 123 slater describes keeping gavin williamson away from policy development, but gives him some illusion of ownership, but not as airy and expertise. i am just pausing there before we consider the remainder of that. did it strike you as dysfunctional that a permanent secretary was describing keeping the secretary of state away from policy development?— development? well, policy development, _ development? well, policy development, i'm - development? well, policy development, i'm not- development? well, policy| development, i'm not sure, development? well, policy i development, i'm not sure, but policy agreement, yes, that would be unusual. we are deep into the way departments work here, which i am not familiar with someone relatively new to the civil service, but, yes, it doesn't sound like a very good setup. it doesn't sound like a very good setu . _ . ., , it doesn't sound like a very good setu, . .,, i, it doesn't sound like a very good setu. ~ , ,, v, v, setup. was it your impression... you were in the — setup. was it your impression... you were in the room _ setup. was it your impression. .. you were in the room for— setup. was it your impression... you were in the room for many _ setup. was it your impression... you | were in the room for many meetings. that that sort of dysfunction contributed to the lack of control which there might have been? i wasn't in lots of meetings to do with schools at this operational level, so i wouldn't have seen this. i think this isjonathan slater talking to me as he is trying to get some science advice, i wouldn't have seen that. ok. if we return, finall , seen that. ok. if we return, finally. just _ seen that. ok. if we return, finally, just to _ seen that. ok. if we return, finally, just to that - seen that. ok. if we return, finally, just to that entry, i seen that. ok. if we return, finally, just to that entry, it| finally, just to that entry, it finishes, quote, i don't know what gavin's plan for schools is but probably pretty feeble. pm. is that the prime minister stating in the meeting his view of his secretary of state for education?— state for education? well, that is the uuote state for education? well, that is the quote i _ state for education? well, that is the quote i wrote _ state for education? well, that is the quote i wrote down _ state for education? well, that is the quote i wrote down on - state for education? well, that is the quote i wrote down on that i state for education? well, that is i the quote i wrote down on that day from the prime minister about the secretary of state from a meeting, so i can't say any more than that, other than that is presumably what was said. to other than that is presumably what was said. ., v, , ., was said. to the extent that you were away _ was said. to the extent that you were away from _ was said. to the extent that you were away from being _ was said. to the extent that you were away from being present i was said. to the extent that you | were away from being present in meetings, is that indicative of the confidence, or lack of confidence, that key people such as the prime minister had in the secretary of state for education? i minister had in the secretary of state for education?— minister had in the secretary of state for education? i think that is a ruestion state for education? i think that is a question that _ state for education? i think that is a question that really _ state for education? i think that is a question that really needs i state for education? i think that is a question that really needs to i state for education? i think that is a question that really needs to go | a question that really needs to go to the prime minister, but a lot of these statements seem to fly around number ten about a lot of people. which we may have seen! those are my questions, thank you very much. thank you very much, mrjacobs. that is all for— thank you very much, mrjacobs. that is all for sir— thank you very much, mrjacobs. that is all for sir patrick. again, extremely grateful to you for all your help — extremely grateful to you for all your help and insight, and for your patience _ your help and insight, and for your patience and staying with us today. i am patience and staying with us today. i am sorry— patience and staying with us today. i am sorry i— patience and staying with us today. i am sorry i cannot say goodbye as yet. i am sorry i cannot say goodbye as yet i_ i am sorry i cannot say goodbye as yet i am _ i am sorry i cannot say goodbye as yet. i am sorry from your point of view! _ yet. i am sorry from your point of view! but— yet. i am sorry from your point of view! but tomorrow we will sit again at ten, _ view! but tomorrow we will sit again at ten, and — view! but tomorrow we will sit again at ten, and thenjust so people can make _ at ten, and thenjust so people can make their— at ten, and thenjust so people can make their plans, because we have so much _ make their plans, because we have so much to— make their plans, because we have so much to do— make their plans, because we have so much to do this we,... studio: _ much to do this we,... studio: the chair of the covid inquiry wrapping up today's evidence, given by sir patrick vallance, the chief scientific adviser during the pandemic. we will hear plenty more over the coming days, including from sir chris whitty, and a lot has been said over the course of the sessions. if you want to read it for yourself, you can do so on the bbc news website, on the app on your phone or tablet. but let's look at some of the other events of the day. four men have been found guilty of murdering a woman after a gunman opened fire at her home in liverpool. 28—year—old ashley dale was shot by a gunman firing a skorpion submachine gun in the early hours of the 21st of august 2022. james witham, joseph peers, niall barry and sean zeisz were found guilty of murder by a jury were found guilty of murder by a jury at liverpool crown court. meanwhile, ian fitzgibbon, 28, was cleared of murder. another man was acquitted of assisting an offender. police eight mobile phone voice notes were key to convicting the killers. liverpool crown court was told of a long—running feud between the 20 age—old's boyfriend and a gang of drug dealers in the city. ashley dale was alone at home when she was shot dead.— she was shot dead. police, if there's anyone _ she was shot dead. police, if there's anyone make - she was shot dead. police, if. there's anyone make yourselves known! ~ . . there's anyone make yourselves known! ~ , ., . known! minutes later, the police arrive and find _ known! minutes later, the police arrive and find her— known! minutes later, the police arrive and find her house - known! minutes later, the police i arrive and find her house peppered with bullet holes. eight shots had been fired towards ashley dale as she ran for the back door, others fired at a police find the lights on the house and, shuttered tiles in the house and, shuttered tiles in the kitchen, and ashley, a council worker, collapsed in the back yard. a high—powered skorpion submachine gun was fired by a masked gunman, but he had left dna on one of the bullets and his footprint on the door he kicked down. he was eventually arrested, james witham. he gives a false name but eventually admitted who he is. you he gives a false name but eventually admitted who he is.— admitted who he is. you are under arrest for murder. _ admitted who he is. you are under arrest for murder. you _ admitted who he is. you are under arrest for murder. you don't i admitted who he is. you are under arrest for murder. you don't have | admitted who he is. you are under. arrest for murder. you don't have to say anything... he arrest for murder. you don't have to say anything- - -_ say anything... he carried out the shootin: say anything... he carried out the shooting but _ say anything... he carried out the shooting but told _ say anything... he carried out the shooting but told police _ say anything... he carried out the shooting but told police he i say anything... he carried out the shooting but told police he was i say anything... he carried out the i shooting but told police he wasjust trying to send a message to ashley's boyfriend and hit her by mistake. four other men stood trial accused of the murder and conspiring to kill ashley's boyfriend. a court heard of a long—running row between him and the others over drug deals and money. 0n the night of the shooting, her car tyres had been slashed. the court was told it was to stop anyone escaping. despite the death of his girlfriend, lee harrison has refused to give evidence against the men on trial. it was up two detectives to build a case on their own, but they had a breakthrough. 0n build a case on their own, but they had a breakthrough. on her phone were hundreds of messages and voice notes where the 28—year—old recorded her fears for her life. i notes where the 28-year-old recorded her fears for her life.— her fears for her life. i have never in my experience _ her fears for her life. i have never in my experience heard _ her fears for her life. i have never in my experience heard a - her fears for her life. i have never in my experience heard a victim's| in my experience heard a victim's voice _ in my experience heard a victim's voice telling you what is happening, what is _ voice telling you what is happening, what is going on in their life, that parallels— what is going on in their life, that parallels what you are obtaining and looking _ parallels what you are obtaining and looking at _ parallels what you are obtaining and looking at evidentially, and this is all within— looking at evidentially, and this is all within half an hour before the forced _ all within half an hour before the forced entry to her house and fired ten shots — forced entry to her house and fired ten shots from a skorpion machine gun. _ ten shots from a skorpion machine gun. it _ ten shots from a skorpion machine gun. it is _ ten shots from a skorpion machine gun, it is absolutely chilling. for her mother— gun, it is absolutely chilling. fr?" her mother and stepfather, it meant listening to their daughter's voice in court. ., ., ., , in court. harrowing, really distressing, _ in court. harrowing, really distressing, upsetting, i in court. harrowing, really| distressing, upsetting, but absolutely necessary as well, because without it, we wouldn't be at the trial, because the culture around james witham and carl, the no grass culture. indie around james witham and carl, the no grass culture-— grass culture. we have not seen any resource from _ grass culture. we have not seen any resource from any _ grass culture. we have not seen any resource from any of— grass culture. we have not seen any resource from any of them, - grass culture. we have not seen any resource from any of them, not i grass culture. we have not seen any resource from any of them, not one | resource from any of them, not one ounce _ resource from any of them, not one ounce of— resource from any of them, not one ounce of remorse, not one tier, nothing. — ounce of remorse, not one tier, nothing, and i'm hoping now that they realise they share, you know, serious _ they realise they share, you know, serious nature of what they have done _ serious nature of what they have done. ,, . , serious nature of what they have done. ,, ., , ., serious nature of what they have done. ,, .,, ., ., , done. she was not the only innocent victim of shootings _ done. she was not the only innocent victim of shootings in _ done. she was not the only innocent victim of shootings in liverpool i victim of shootings in liverpool last august. just 21! hours later, nine—year—old 0livia pratt—korbel would be murdered just a couple of miles away. her killer was sent to prison earlier this year. the shootings, and that of a beautician in world on christmas eve, sent shock waves through the city. all three were shot dead, all three killings involving gang culture and drugs. police say that this year there has been a change, in terms of guns being fired, a drop of two thirds on the previous 12 months, but they say the battle against gangs and drugs they deal in on. were watching bbc news. a busy day for government ministers across london, we saw the chancellor giving evidence, not evidence, but addressing the cbi conference, and we have heard evidence from sir patrick vallance, the government's chief scientific adviser during the course of the covid pandemic, and you can read all the comments from those two gentlemen on the bbc news website. meanwhile, we are hoping to hearfrom the foreign website. meanwhile, we are hoping to hear from the foreign secretary, david cameron, who is due to address the globalfood david cameron, who is due to address the global food security summit here in london as well. we saw, if few hours ago, he gave his first introduction to the house of commons, he was introduced to the house, obviously he is now known as lord cameron of chipping norton. we are expecting him to address the global food security summit which is being held between the united kingdom, somalia and the uae, he's just being let's listen. his kingdom, somalia and the uae, he's just being let's listen.— just being let's listen. his first ma'or just being let's listen. his first major event — just being let's listen. his first major event in _ just being let's listen. his first major event in office - just being let's listen. his first major event in office and i just being let's listen. his first| major event in office and speak just being let's listen. his first i major event in office and speak to close _ major event in office and speak to close what — major event in office and speak to close what has been a really important and valuable day, foreign secretary! _ secretary! applause well, thank you, ladies and gentlemen, thank you, andrew. 0ne gentlemen, thank you, andrew. one week into my newjob, and i'm delighted that this is my first speaking engagement, because it is an issue that really matters, and thank you to andrew mitchell for bringing today together, for us here, thank you to the somali president, thank you to the uae, our friends in the emirates for being our co—host, and an apology, i was meant to be teaching a course in abu dhabi at new york university in january, and i've had to cancel that because of my new role! i was very much looking forward to another stay in your remarkable country. and of course, thank you to the children's fund foundation and the gates foundation for their support. it is so good to be back working with you again on these issues that matter so much, this government has a proud record of development, and i'm proud of what we did on development, and i am determined that we put it back at the heart of our foreign and foreign and commonwealth and office. it is so important. you have had a long day with lots of speeches, i have had an extraordinary day, going to the house of lords and doing all the right things and nodding and saying the oath and all the rest of it, so i can go home and still misses cameron she is now lady cameron, she is furious about that, but none that is furious about that, but none that is what happened to me today! but you have had a long day, lots of speeches, so ijust want you have had a long day, lots of speeches, so i just want to you have had a long day, lots of speeches, so ijust want to make four simple points. the first is what you have been doing today, talking about today, food security, it really matters. i believe in all of the sustainable development goals, indeed i was part of the committee that helped do the original work on drawing them up. they are all important, i care about all of them, but food is foundational to all aspects of development. without secure access to nutritious diet, nothing can be achieved, and malnourished children can never fully develop their bodies and their minds, and it robs them of their futures, and their minds, and it robs them of theirfutures, and it robs their societies of their potential. and a number of people facing acute food insecurity is the highest it has beenin insecurity is the highest it has been in years, and it isjust the tip of what i have got a silent crisis with a third of the world unable to afford a healthy diet. so i promise you this today, the uk will continue to lead efforts like this, and it is great to... applause it is great to speak at the minister from brazil as they take on the g20 presidency, and as prime minister i hosted with brazil summit on hunger and nutrition for growth, and we galvanise global action, more money invested in better outcomes, and thatis invested in better outcomes, and that is what is needed again. second point, this is an absolutely critical moment, notjust because there is a silent crisis is growing, but because we cannot separate it from other global crises. putin's illegal invasion brought this home, as he deliberately sought to rob us of one of the world's great bread baskets. as cynicism was plain for all to see, he obstructed the black sea green initiative, walked away from it, he tried to destroy the very supplies that the world needs, but i saw for myself in ukraine, in the port of 0desa, there is good news, ukraine is pushing russia back in the black sea, and with the new unity facility between uk insurance brokers and the government in kyiv, shipping insurance for theirfood shipping insurance for their food exports shipping insurance for theirfood exports is affordable once more. so let the message go out, ships are sailing, grain is being exported, ukraine will continue to help feed us all. third point. there is a vital link between food security and development on the one hand and the problem of state fragility and conflict on the other. of course, farmers can farm, traders can trade, but without the rule of law, without property and land rights, without peace, but without trusted institutions, you cannot get your product to market. and that is why it is time to change the way we do development, and that is what andrew mitchell's excellent white paper, published today, is all about. it captures how britain will help to do this in the future. no more top—down targets that set up fragile states to fail. instead, working with them to fail. instead, working with them to make sure we back their priorities, help them deliver, help them to tell the story to their people about what they are doing to bring their countries to security and prosperity. we will work as partners on strategies and plans which developing countries can own and deliver. we will push to unlock the full potential of development finance. i want us to watch as all those millennium development goals, there was multilateral development banks look at the balance sheets, work out how much more they can lend, and we work out how to get that money into development to help the poorest people. finally, my fourth point, a note of optimism. we can tackle this problem. with innovation and technology, we are capable of feeding all the people on our planet. it can be done, we have the technology. we must bring it to bear. the soviet writer wrote of the victims of the holodomor in ukraine, not one of them was guilty of anything, and what was true then it is true now. today we have heard from the experts, we have heard about the tools, we have seen the commitment we need to realise zero hunger, and i can tell you this, as we do so, the united kingdom, the foreign, and commonwealth and development office, will be with you every step of the way. thank you. applause studio: that was the foreign secretary, lord cameron, giving an address to the global food security summit, his first address here in the uk. he was made foreign secretary by rishi sunak. we are hearing those comments, we saw lord cameron being introduced to the house of lords earlier this afternoon, following the confirmation of his title as the lord of chipping norton, which sat within his constituency of witney which are used to represent, elevated to the lords so that he can sit in cabinet as the foreign minister. this summit was convened by the united kingdom alongside the uae and somalia too, and it also brought together key groups such as the bill and melinda gates foundation as well, that has been going on over the course of the day. we saw rishi sunak speaking there earlier. we also heard from jeremy hunt today, the chancellor of the exchequer, he was addressing the cbi conference, you can get all the comments he made on the website, and on the bbc news app, and sir patrick vallance, the former chief scientific adviser during the pandemic, he was giving evidence to the covid inquiry, and he was being questioned by the counsels of the inquiry as well as key affected bodies. we willjoin my colleague matthew amroliwala shortly. thank you for watching bbc news. live from london, this is bbc news. in the last few minutes president biden said he believes the deal to secure the release of hostages being held in 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