Is launched in pakistan. Three experts in us constitutional law have testified to congress that there is no doubt President Trumps actions require him to be removed from office. The three scholars, picked by the democrats, described mr trumps efforts to get help with re election from a Foreign Government as a crime, and accused him of obstructing justice. A fourth expert, picked by mr trumps own republican party, said his actions were troubling and wrong, but not impeachable. The bbcs nada tawfik was on capitol hill for the Judiciary Committee hearing. Another historic step in the impeachment inquiry, as it moves to the Judiciary Committee. A new room, a new set of members and witnesses, and the ultimate question did President Trump commit an impeachable offence . So help you god. Four constitutional scholars were called in to give their analysis. Three of the legal professors were emphatic that the president had to be held accountable for putting his personal interest in re election above the nation and its security. Professor feldman, did President Trump commit the impeachable high crime and misdemeanour of abuse of power, based on that evidence and those findings . Based on that evidence and those findings, the president did commit an impeachable abuse of office. Professor karlan, same question. Same answer. And professor gerhardt. We three are unanimous. In what was always going to be another display of partisan theatre, some of the most direct punches came from the witnesses themselves. If what were talking about is not impeachable, then nothing is impeachable. Professor pamela karlan criticised the ranking republican on the committee, and his suggestion that the process had been unfair and devoid of damning evidence. I read transcripts of every one of the witnesses who appeared in the live hearing, because i would not speak about these things without reviewing the facts. So im insulted by the suggestion that, as a law professor, i dont care about those facts. Professorjonathan turley, the sole witness called by republicans, disagreed. He said there was not a clear case against the president. Im concerned about lowering impeachment standards to fit a paucity of evidence and an abundance of anger. I believe this impeachment not only fails to satisfy the standard of past impeachments, but would create a dangerous precedent for future impeachments. Despite the legal arguments, this is ultimately a political process. It is likely democrats will move forward with articles of impeachment, with a full vote in the house as soon as christmas. But, if the president is impeached, then his fate will rest firmly in the hands of his republican allies in the senate. Live now to new york city, and professor corey brettschneider. Professor, i know youve taught constitutional law and politics nearly all your adult life, and youve written a book, the oath and the office a guide to the constitution for future president s. I think it is fair to say that you are not a fan of President Trump, but neither is the legal scholar called by the republicans. He said he didnt vote for mr trump, he said he didnt vote for mr trump, he said he thought what mr trump did was wrong and troubling, but not impeachable. What is going on here . Well, what he said, and remember, this is the best witness, best scholar that they could bring forth to argue on behalf of the president , was not a defence of the president. Hejust said there was not a defence of the president. He just said there is was not a defence of the president. Hejust said there is not was not a defence of the president. He just said there is not enough evidence yet to show there was a high crime and misdemeanour. And he also said left open the possibility that that might happen and urge the process to just go more slowly. Thats not a ringing endorsement of trump, and thats the best that they could do. It leaves open the possibility, even on his view, that more evidence would show that this president should be removed. But i was disappointed with that testimony, because we have an enormous amount of evidence showing that there was a trade here, to the ukraine in exchange for personal information onjoe ukraine in exchange for personal information on joe biden. Ukraine in exchange for personal information onjoe biden. The president requested that information in exchange for aid to the ukraine, and that to me is clear evidence the other way. Is the fact, do you think, that the president s own party brought on professor turley to say this a sign that their grounds for defending the president are shifting . Absolutely, i think thats extremely insightful. Remember, in the beginning they were saying there is no quid pro quo and they were trying to argue the facts. And after you saw those Civil Service heroes, people like fiona hill and david holmes, who really laid out the case against the president and made clear what that whistleblower had shown with the readout of the phone call that there was this extortion or bribery or trade, certainly, they have to shift ground. So now they are trying to argue that the narrow statutes, for instance, of bribery havent been met. But i thought pam karla n havent been met. But i thought pam karlan did an excellentjob today of refuting that by saying this is really about abuse of power, and the meaning of bribery within the constitution is also about abuse of power. And certainly she showed in her closing argument, i think it was a terrific closing argument, that that standard has been met in this impeachment enquiry. He is not going to be impeached, though, is he . Not ata to be impeached, though, is he . Not at a trial in the republican controlled senate. So is this really about trying to influence voters in the election next year . I think its foremost about doing ones constitutional duty. There was a point in which a lot of people in the United States we re lot of people in the United States were talking about how this was going to play, and i think it got so bad at the abuse of power is so clear that if there wasnt a message sent that the president couldnt do this with impunity, he would just keep abusing power in the worst possible ways. And it was and is very dangerous for the country. So i think thats the first thing, is to ta ke think thats the first thing, is to take a principled stand. Now, we are ina take a principled stand. Now, we are in a position where he certainly, i think, will be impeached in the house, and we need two thirds of senators to agree to remove him. And as you say, we are far from that. But now the process begins of educating the American People about why this abuse of power is so dangerous to the future of the republic that we have to remove this president , and why really we cant leave it to an election, because what he is doing is threatening to undermine the election. And thats the offence that we need to remove him for, and an election is not a remedy when someone is cheating on an election. Professor, we are bound to talk about this again and garner other opinions. Thank you very much indeed for yours. My pleasure, thank you. If youd like more on the impeachment inquiry, have a look at our website. We have lots of detail about the process, including this piece on the case for and against impeaching President Trump. Bbc. Com news for all that. All this was going on as President Trump was in london for natos 70th anniversary meeting. He left the uk, unusually, without holding a press conference, after a video surfaced showing canadas Prime Minister apparently gossiping and laughing about mr trump with other World Leaders. In response, the us president called Justin Trudeau two faced. This report byjohn pienaar. There are flashing images. He loves to make a big entrance, whether or not hes always completely welcome. Donald trump may not always be looking for trouble, but it often turns out that way. He needs careful handling, and everyone knows it. That includes his host, who is fighting a campaign. The honourable donald trump, president of the United States of america. The leader of the free world had already fallen foul of nato allies and strayed into the election. He is not a man to take directions. But look, mrjohnson was captured last night in on a joke at mr trumps expense with leaders, including macron of france and canadas Justin Trudeau. Then he mimicked the shock of white house staffers at mr trumps off the cuff diplomacy this week. Britains pm had heard it all, but he was pleading ignorance. Thats. Thats. Thats complete nonsense. I dont know where thats come from. But this was Donald Trumps verdict on the canadian leader. Well, hes two faced. Hes two faced, he said, obviously not at all happy. Well, apart from the very visible disagreements among nato leaders, our diplomatic editorjames robbins spotted some successes too. They averted a major crisis, heading offa they averted a major crisis, heading off a threat from turkey to block a plan to boost the defences of the Baltic States against the russian threats. In exchange, president erdogan of turkey got some language on terrorism that although it wasnt enough for him at least satisfied him at the moment. They made some moves to declare space a new operational demand for nato, to try and meet any challenge there. They buried some of their disagreements, but they made progress with others. They declared china a potential challenge, i worry. They declared china a potential challenge, iworry. But they declared china a potential challenge, i worry. But i think behind all this, donald trump was, as he so often is, the key player. He castigated members not paying enough, as he sees it, for their defence. He pointedly invited to lunch those who met the spending criteria that nato has set. And i think it was very typical, this meeting, of the sort of International Gatherings we have come to expect in the trump era. Democracies falling out with him, and frankly any sort of world order under a great deal of pressure. Lets get some of the days other news germany is expelling two Russian Diplomats because it says moscow is being uncooperative in a murder investigation. This centres around the death of a georgian man shot in berlin last august. The german chancellor has said she will raise the matter at the highest level. There have been candlelit vigils in afghanistan for six people, including the head of a japanese aid agency, killed in a gun attack on a vehicle. Doctor Tetsu Nakamura died on the way to hospital. The french government is to open a National Hate Crime bureau in response to the latest racist attack in france. At least 100 jewish headstones were painted with swastikas at a cemetery near strasbourg, in the north east. France is home to the biggestjewish and muslim communities in europe, and the surge in hate crime has raised great alarm. A new vaccine against typhoid is being described as a game changer which could prevent thousands of deaths. In pakistan, 9 million children are being immunised after a major outbreak of typhoid, which is resistant to nearly every antiobiotic. Our medical correspondent fergus walsh reports. Safe and effective, this new typhoid vaccine is urgently needed in pakistan. Schoolchildren in karachi are among millions of youngsters there being immunised. They need protecting because, once infected with typhoid here, there is only one antibiotic left that works, and if that fails, death rates would soar. Typhoid is a highly contagious bacterial disease which infects up to 20 Million People worldwide each year. It is largely a disease of poverty, spread through poor sanitation and dirty drinking water. Symptoms include prolonged fever, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. It causes up to 160,000 deaths every year. A major trial of the new vaccine in nepal cut cases by more than 80 . The same success is hoped for in pakistan. Crucially, it is the first typhoid vaccine which can be given to babies from nine months of age. The new typhoid vaccine was developed by scientists in oxford over the course of more than a decade. We filmed the first trials there, six years ago. After being immunised, these Healthy Volunteers had to drink a solution of typhoid bacteria, a vital test of the vaccines effectiveness. That selflessness is now saving lives. Typhoid only infects humans, so the ambition in the very long term would be to try to eradicate the disease, which has been causing death and misery for thousands of years. Fergus walsh, bbc news. Stay with us on bbc news. Still to come with christmas around the corner, we will hear how one little shop in wales has taken the internet by storm with its own humble festive advert. Its quite clear that the worst victims of this disaster are the poor People Living in the slums which have sprung up around the factory. I am feeling so helpless, that the childrens are dying in front of me and i cant do anything. Charles manson is the mystical leader of the hippie cult suspected of killing sharon tate and at least six other people in los angeles. At 11am this morning, just half a metre of rock separated britain from continental europe. It took the drills just a few moments to cut through the final obstacle. Then philippe cozette, a minerfrom calais, was shaking hands and exchanging flags with robert fagg, his opposite number from dover. This is bbc news. The latest headlines impeachment proceedings against President Trump enter a new phase, with us legal experts arguing over whether there are grounds to remove him from office. Trump is back in the us after a celebration in london marking 70 years of nato, that was overshadowed by tensions, and World Leaders caught gossiping at his expense. Nationwide transport strikes have begun in france with people facing days of disruption. Its thought they could be the biggest strikes for almost 25 years. Unions have called the action in protest at government plans to overhaul the retirement system. Rich preston reports. 90 of high speed and regional trains will be affected, according to the countrys rail operator, meaning problems travelling and commuting for thousands of people. Translation a live outside of paris but work in paris. For many people, it will be really complicated. It is annoying, i hope the strait will not continue, i dont support the protest. Commuters have been making alternative plans for getting to work, and with air Traffic Controllers joining the strike, International Travel will also be affected. Easyjet says it has cancelled more than 200 flights. Business owners are worried the straights will hit the bottom line. Translation i will retire soon so i think the strike is great, but i dont think its good to hold it at this time of the year. Business is already difficult. We had 19 weeks of yellow vest protest, now we have straights. France has seen a series of demonstrations over the last two months against emmanuel macrons planned pension reforms. Translation the governments aim is very clear. To contribute to the impoverishment of the pensioners of tomorrow who today are the employers who drive the economy of the country. Translation this is a reform that we will fight with all our strengths because we have already had many attacks against our social conditions. This is the last blows that we must mobilise now or never. Authorities are worried a rally planned for thursday afternoon and paris could turn violent, and say they are prepared. Translation we know there will be a lot of people at the protest, and we know there are risks. We are also aware that black blocs and radical yellow vests have decided to attend the protests in paris, but not only in paris. The difficulty for french people to get to work, school, and to do business could continue well into next week. Our paris correspondent Hugh Schofield explains what lies behind the strikes. Whats it all about . Well, in a word, pension reform. President macron promised in his manifesto to lead france to a fairer, simpler system in which everyone is treated the same. Right now there are 42 separate pension systems, and big disparities depending on whether you work for the private sector, public sector, or privileged cases like the metro or the railways where you get to retire a lot younger than eve ryo ne you get to retire a lot younger than everyone else. But while everyone agrees with the notion of reform, a lot of people are very suspicious, they feel they are going to lose out, or they want to hit out at president macron for other reasons, simply because they dont like his so called neoliberal agenda. That is why this strike is going to be so keenly followed and why for president macron it is going to be such a key test at the midpoint of his presidency of his capacity to maintain the reform. Hugh schofield reporting from paris there. In the small South Pacific island of samoa, a serious Measles Outbreak is continuing to threaten the country. Authorities have asked families who have not been vaccinated against the disease to hang a red flag outside their homes. Medical teams will then travel door to door over the next few days inoculating residents. 60 people have died of measles over recent weeks. Theres not a corner of this country that hasnt been affected by this outbreak, and people seejust why its so important to vaccinate their children. There is demand there, people want to get their children vaccinated, and we do think thats going to make a difference. There are a lot of pressures on people not to vaccinate their children, but i think that tide has turned. The pressure now is reversed to vaccinate their children, which is a good thing. We want to ensure that every child in this country is fully vaccinated. The president of european footballs governing body, uefa, has told the bbc racism in the game is much worse than it was 20 years ago. Aleksander cheferin pledged to do more to tackle abuse. The bbc has been following the anti Discrimination Group fare, whove gathered evidence of what they believe was racist abuse of seltic players by lazio fans at a match last month. Our sports correspondent, natalie pirks, reports. They seem like the normal match day booths, but are these in fact something more sinister . This is secret footage, taken by especially trained antiracism observer. They believed these jeers from some fans changed to monkey chance when eduard missed this chance. It is hard to ca ptu re missed this chance. It is hard to capture on camera, and when european balls governing body uefa, they decided not to charge the italian club. We have two try to do more, and we will. A asked Aleksander Ceferin whether the body is doing enough to tackle racism . understand the people who say that, obviously the logical conclusion is there is not enough. But there is no magic stick stopping the situation is not the same as 20 years ago. It is not the same as 20 years ago. It is much worse and it is getting worse and worse. This man works for fare network. They sent the observer to that game to help report incrimination to uefa. Fare has a job on its hands. In the last month alone, top players have protested against racism in italy, the netherlands, and an ukraine this player was left in tears after monkey chance from the crowd. Monkey chance from the crowd. Monkey chants. When the national tea m monkey chants. When the National Team faced bulgaria there were monkey chants and not the salutes. dont think anyone is an agreement with the punishment that was handed out. They have to diversify, and a hope that happens sooner rather than later. Currently, an all white male panel decides what is racist and what isnt. Aleksander ceferin is committed to changing that. We need more diversity in the disciplinary committee. We have to have people who felt that abuse, because they look at it differently. That could help fares work. Look at it differently. That could help fares work. They are clearly nazi salutes. This is the kind of thing you are up against, isnt it . Because even when youre observer is clearly risk their safety. It takes a lot for our observers to re cord takes a lot for our observers to record evidence. Some of them being thrown out. This hurts a lot. Some players feel the same. This Aleksander Ceferin acknowledged the pain. This is a warfootball alone cant win. Now to one of the most read strories on our website, 200 Police Officers in the us will be trained to use a gadget which can ensnare a person by wrapping them in a cord. No, its not happening in gotham city with batman, but in los angeles where officers will start a trial in january. Civil rights activists have raised concerns with some saying it will be used disproportionately on minorities. Now, christmas commercials here in the uk are more than just a tradition theyre a big spending gamble by retailers to win the hearts, and wallets, of consumers. But this year, a small family run business in wales is shining more brightly than all the rest. The owners of ha vod hardware spent just over 100 on their effort, which has gone viral. The bbcs Hywel Griffith has been to meet the stars. Its the time of year when every company its the time of year when every com pa ny wa nts to its the time of year when every Company Wants to sell us that warm, fuzzy feeling. The shop offering plungers and drill bits is not the first place you would expect to find it, but havod first place you would expect to find it, but ha vod hardware in wales has put itself on the map, reminding customers that small, independent shops are there to help to. The video has already been watched tens of thousands of times after going global. The reaction has been incredible, we are totally overwhelmed with the amount of lakes and shares, the e mails we have had from all over the world from people saying they love it and it put a smile on theirface, it is really nice to hear. The star is toms two year old son arthur, who took just a morning to deliver his role doing jobs around the shop. Polishing the counter you like polishing the counter . Yeah do you think father christmas will come and see you . You yeah this shop made its video with a total budget of £100. This is the third christmas production made by tom and his friend josh. It may not bring millions of shoppers to mid wales, but it is delivering a bit of festive chat. Ha vod hardware and after going big time. A reminder of our top story the impeachment inquiry against us President Donald Trump enters a new phase, as us constitutional experts argue whether there are grounds to remove him from office. There is much more news for you anytime on the bbc website and on twitter. Thank you very much for watching. Some of us have got quite murky conditions to come over the next few hours. The fog patch is to the south east of this weather front but if we zoom out of the uk and look at what is upstream of us we can see the next area of low pressure showing its hand and this will bring wet and windy weather to the north west of the uk in a few hours time. For the time being we have showers across the north west so if you step outside here, worth taking the umbrella. Dense fog patches are forming around the thames estuary. We have seen fog at heathrow, around the m25 and some of that is freezing fog with temperatures well below freezing as well. Some of these murky conditions, some of the fog patches may well last into the first part of thursday morning, bringing poor travelling conditions out and about. But for thursdays weather for the most part, really were looking at this next weather system moving in and that will bring strong wind with it to the north west and outbreaks of rain which will quickly spread in across Northern Ireland and scotland before sinking southwards later in the day into the north of england and wales. In the highlands of scotland we will see the largest accumulations of rain with 70 or 80 millimetres of rain in the forecast here. That is a lot of rain, enough for localised surface water flooding issues. Damp at times in the northern half of the country, after the murky start in the south east, things should brighten for a few of us with sunshine around and for most it is a relatively mild day with temperatures widely into double figures. Through thursday night we will see the rain push southwards across all of england and wales for a time with all the cloud around and south westerly wind its gonna be a very mild night. Thursday night into the first part of friday morning for most, temperatures into double figures. A mild start to friday but for quite a few of us a wet start as well. Its mild and wet with south westerly wind later in the day the rain will tend to ease to a mixture of sunshine and showers, north westerly winds will start to move in bringing cooler air to the north west of the country and a significant drop in temperature. So later on in the afternoon, five degrees in some areas, eight in aberdeen. Still mild further south with highs of 11 or so in london. This weekend were looking at a ridge of High Pressure to start the weekend. Later in the weekend we will see the band of rain come through and quite a bit of that might come through overnight. There will be further pulses of rain for sunday. Overall, saturday looks like being the better of the two days of the weekend and sunday could see rain at times for many of us. And that s your weather. This is bbc news. The headlines the latest stage of the impeachment hearings into donald trump has heard testimony from constitutional experts. Three of them, called by the democrats, say the president s actions clearly met the definition of impeachable offences. But a law professor selected by republicans has disagreed. President trump has arrived back in the us after a celebration to mark 70 years of nato in london. That meeting, though, has been overshadowed by footage emerging of fellow Alliance Members gossiping about mr trump and appearing ot laugh at his expense. A new Vaccine Programme combatting typhoid is being launched in pakistan. Scientists are hailing it as a game changer in the global fight against the disease