Extreme change in climate for 2,000 years. And former special Counsel Robert Mueller insists his report didnt clear President Trump of obstructing justice and hints he could face prosecution after leaving office. Within hours of becoming british Prime Minister, borisjohnson has conducted a wholesale clear out of ministers who served under theresa may more than half have resigned or been sacked. Senior roles in government have gone to those who backed his leadership bid and committed supporters of brexit. The new pm seeking to make good on his claim that he can take the uk out of the European Union by the end of october. This report from our political editor, laura kuenessberg. Even for those who adore him, a year ago, Boris Johnsons journey to the palace may have been the kind of wild story predicted. He was blocked by protesters on his way. Now, the politician who as a boy said he wanted to be world king invited to become Prime Minister by the queen. A moment where everything officially changed, bowing to the monarch. There are some rules he will follow. I have just been to see her majesty the queen, who has invited me to form a government, and i have accepted. There are pessimists at home and abroad who think after three years of indecision, that this country has become a prisoner to the old arguments of 2016. So, i am standing before you today to tell you, the british people, that those critics are wrong. The doubters, the doomsters, the gloomsters, they are going to get it wrong again. And we are going to fulfil the promise of parliament to the people and come out of the eu on october the 31st, no ifs and no buts. I am building a great team of men and women. I will take personal responsibility for the change i want to see. Never mind the backstop, the buck stops here. The big judgement, ready and willing if needs be to take us out of the eu without a deal. It is of course vital at the same time that we prepare for the remote possibility that brussels refuses any further to negotiate, and we are forced to come out with no deal. Not because we want that outcome, of course not. But because it is only common sense to prepare. We in this government will work flat out to give this country the leadership it deserves. And that work begins now. Thank you very much. This is the start of a new era, and the start of a very different era. With Boris Johnson and the brexiteers in charge, perhaps they are not so much taking back control is taking over a precarious and fragile situation. For any new administration there is glory on day one, but there were howls of protest from whitehall throughout the speech. This is a time of strife. Mrjohnson is in charge because of the failures of his party and his predecessor. For her, time today for one last bout in the commons. Farewells and tributes aplenty for theresa may, but it is politics always barbs too. I pay tribute to her sense of public duty. I hope, mr speaker, that she has a marginally more relaxing time of the backbenches, and perhaps, like the chancellor, even helping me to oppose the reckless plans of her successor. She couldnt resist it either. Perhaps i could finish my exchange with him by saying this as a party leader who has accepted when her time was up, perhaps the time is now for him to do the same. She will stay on as an mp and she closed with a tribute to her constituents. That duty to serve my constituents will remain my greatest motivation. Applause, then, after years of defeat and disappointment. A former Prime Minister now one more last moment at the podium, where in calling and needless general election, she may be sealed her fate. I repeat my warm congratulations to boris on winning the conservative leadership election. I wish him and the government he will lead every good fortune in the months and years ahead. And as i leave downing street, my final words are of sincere thanks. Real affection was for her truest ally. Finally, and most of all, i want to thank my husband, philip, who has been my greatest supporter and my closest companion. It is over now for theresa may, yet the next occupant arrives to face so many of her same problems. A party torn in two, no majority to speak of. Boris johnson tonight must know they applaud them all on the way in. According to south koreas military, north korea has fired what appear to be 2 short range missiles into the sea to the east of the korean peninsula. Its reported they were fired about 20 minutes apart and flew more than 400 kilometres nearly 250 miles. 0ur correspondent in seoul, laura bicker, described the tests. The first flew around 430 kilometres into the sea of japan. The other flew a little bit further, at an elevation of 50km. At this stage, it does look similar in characteristic to tests carried out by north korea in may. They too were short range missiles. Now, at this stage also, they are looking at it, both the United States and the pentagon, the white house, are examining what is going on, as are south korean military. In japan, they say they were short range ballistic missiles. Again, there is no confirmation of that here in seoul. When it comes to the timing of this, its worth pointing out thatjust a few days time, south korea and the United States due to take part injoint exercises. Those exercises always anger north korea. Also earlier this week, north korea unveiled what looks like a new submarine. Analysts have been looking over the pictures of kim jong un inspecting the submarine. Its known when these pictures released in state media were taken but it has been known that north korea has been looking to develop a submarine capable of firing short range ballistic missiles. What to look at into all of this . Well, north korea is still continuing to develop weapons. It may well be when it comes to the timing of this that they are looking to prod donald trump into action. Its just a few weeks since kim jong un and donald trump met at the border of the two koreas. It may well be that donald trump might say he is in no rush but north korea and kim jong un will be in a hurry to get sanctions eased and that is one of the reasons they might be, at this stage, they are testing short range missiles. Lets get some of the days other news. The Sudanese Army is saying its foiled a military coup and arrested several high ranking officers and senior members of the former governing party, national congress. A statement from the military says those arrested include the army chief of staff. President trump has vetoed an attempt by congress to block more than 8 billion of arms sales to saudi arabia and its regional allies. Mr trumps critics want the us to put pressure on saudi arabia to improve its human rights record and minimise civilian casualties in the war in yemen. Puerto ricos legislature has begun an impeachment process against the governor, ricardo rossello. Hes been under pressure to stand down since messages were leaked, in which he made a series of sexist and homophobic comments. Hundreds of thousands have protested against the governor hes expected to make an announcement in the coming hours. Hours after settling a 5 billion privacy probe with american regulators, facebook has confirmed authorities are now investigating it for potential violations of antitrust law. That news was disclosed to investors as the Company Announced better than expected earnings results. A new study from climate researchers in the United States suggests the speed and extent of the current period of Global Warming exceeds any similar event in the past 2,000 years. The scientists reconstructed average temperatures on all continents and major ocean basins over two millennia. The study, published in thejournal nature, looks like the strongest evidence yet that current levels of Climate Change are both unprecedented and caused by burning fossil fuels. John mcmanus has the details. 2,000 years, just the blink of an eye in our planets history but this snapshot of climate variation over that period proves, say scientists, that Global Warming is being driven by man, not nature. The effects of it are all around us. The world is now nearlyi degree warmer than it was before widespread industrialisation. Ice melting at both the north and south poles in turn is causing sea levels to rise and leading to devastating floods. And the high temperatures are a factor in widespread droughts and wildfires. Because the earths climate has varied in the distant past, some sceptics have argued that Global Warming cant be attributed to the burning of fossil fuels. This study puts paid to that argument. Published in the journal nature, it examined data from the last two millennia using sources including tree rings, coral and ice cores and found the rapid warming recorded in the latter part of the 20th century was more widespread in any than any temperature variations over the last 2,000 years. The authors say the little ice age which started in the last millennia and lasted several centuries affected different parts of the world times. Thats in contrast to rising temperatures of the late 20th century which affected more than 98 of the planet. The study comes as parts of western europe swelter in the continents second heatwave of the summer. Belgium and the netherlands have already broken their temperature records and the mercury is due to rise even higher on thursday, with paris expected to record its hottest ever day. John mcmanus, bbc news. The lead author of the report explained by his writings were so significant. Our initial interest was the traditional climate and the juxtaposition that we have seen over the last 2000 years and what we saw in the last 100 years was surprising for us. It does seem to put to rest the idea that Natural Cycles only are at work. You seem to be saying that yes, there were regional natural variations but not all over the world. I dont think it relies solely on our work. Other things have been shown that as well but we do hope that people will see that what has happened surpasses a regional phenomenon and what we see is global, Global Warming. In a way that hasnt happened in the past. And as a result of what you are identifying, what do you expect to happen . I hope something positive will happen in terms of peoples action as climate scientists are seeing a lot of nonaction and i am pessimistic but at the same time i am hopeful that our study will perhaps contribute in some small way to people changing their behaviours and even making steps in a small way. Not even a grand or large scale way or have the government change things. But even small steps are important. Stay with us on bbc news, still to come celebrating the successful return of the apollo astronauts 50 years after the mission that wowed the world. Mission control you can see them coming down the ladder now. Its one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. A catastrophic engine fire is being blamed tonight for the first crash in the 30 year history of concorde, the worlds only supersonic airliner. It was one of the most vivid symbols of the violence and hatred that tore apart the state of yugoslavia. But now, a decade later, its been painstakingly rebuilt and opens again today. Theres been a 50 decrease in sperm quantity and an increase in malfunction of sperm unable to swim properly. Thousands of households across the country are suspiciously quiet this lunchtime as children bury their noses in the final instalment of harry potter. This is bbc news, the latest headlines a new resident in downing street borisjohnson begins his term as Prime Minister with a Major Overhaul of senior government positions. As europes heatwave intensifies Scientists Say current global heatings the most extreme change in climate for two thousand years. The man who investigated russian interference in the us president ial election, Robert Mueller, has insisted to a congressional hearing that his report did not clear President Trump of obstructing justice contradicting the president s own claims. He was giving evidence for the First Time Since a redacted version of his findings was published in april. His report did not establish collusion in any crime, but did conclude that russia interfered to help elect mr trump. From washington, nick bryant. The democrats were hoping these hearings would notjust provide the audiobook version of the mueller report, but a summer blockbuster movie. But the former special counsel didnt even want to appear on capitol hill, and stuck closely to the script and Main Findings of his 400 page report. The investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired with the russian government in its election interference activities. But the report did not clear President Trump of obstructing justice, of interfering with the russian meddling investigation. So the report did not conclude that he did not commit obstruction of justice. Is that correct . That is correct. And what about total exoneration . Did you actually totally exonerate the president . No. Mr mueller was monosyllabic, but under republican questioning stated that, although Justice Department guidelines prevents sitting president s from being prosecuted, that would be possible after mr trump left office. Could you charge the president with a crime after he left office . Yes. You believe that he committed. You could charge the president of the United States with obstruction ofjustice after he left office . Yes. The white house described the hearings as an epic embarrassment for the democrats. Donald trump said to be happy that there was no explosive sound bite from the former special counsel. No moment that went viral. The democrats may not have the Box Office Drama they were looking for, but from Robert Mueller, a reminder to donald trump that his legal problems havent necessarily gone away. That his president ial protection from prosecution ends the moment he leaves the white house. Nick bryant, bbc news, washington. Michaeljohns was a white house speechwriter for president George H Bush hes also co founder and National Head of the us tea party movement. Hejoins us now from philadelphia. What does a committed republican make of the hearing . It certainly reiterated. Now the step that needs to be taken is to have the department ofjustice engaged as to how such a false narrative and allegation could ever assumed our country for well over two years. And in serious questions into the origin of allegations, particularly in the uk andi of allegations, particularly in the uk and i think it came out today. And the role that he potentially played in launching these allegations. We are entering the 2. 0 phase and the president has been exonerated. And now the issue of these allegations emerge in the first base. In some cases imprisoned, and obstruction of justice, in some cases imprisoned, and obstruction ofjustice, you read the report, you have heard Robert Mueller, he did not clear the president. He said, i cannot make a traditional prosecutorialjudgement on this, it is not up to the criminal Justice System on this, it is not up to the criminalJustice System to indict a sitting president , it is up to congress, in other words an impeachment process, which at the moment isnt happening. Impeachment process, which at the moment isnt happeninglj impeachment process, which at the moment isnt happening. I think that isa moment isnt happening. I think that is a great disservice, i think it was pointed out today that it was a great disservice ofjustice for Robert Mueller to have said that. There is some sort of implicit allegation, charges alleging obstruction of justice allegation, charges alleging obstruction ofjustice were not alleged when it relates to President Trump, soi alleged when it relates to President Trump, so i think he is correct in saying he has in fact been exonerated. He could still face prosecution after leaving office. I know you will be concerned about it, it seems clear from what the intelligence agencies have found, what Robert Mueller found, that the russians did interfere to help mr trump get elected. There is great concern, isnt there, that this may be becoming normalised. It is more vulnerable than it needs to be, partly because this president will not acknowledge what happened. The role of russia in the elections has been a recurring issue since the 19605, it been a recurring issue since the 1960s, it is something we need to ta ke 1960s, it is something we need to take seriously and we do take seriously. What is new is that we could have an allegation of this magnitude against the president of the United States, which is now being concluded to be false by eve ryo ne being concluded to be false by everyone who has looked at it in depth. To be perpetuated quite potentially by russia and its agents, and what are the ramifications now ultimately of that . For instance, if Christopher Steele did lie to the fbi, why wasnt he charge . If Christopher Steele told the truth, and he did obtain information from the russians, who were those russians and why are they not being charged . That does appear to be what the real collusion involved here. You are making connections that we cant deal with, we simply dont have the expertise or the evidence to deal with them. And after all, allegations are there to be investigated. Forgive me, we are going to have to stop there for the moment, thank you for talking to us, it was very interesting to talk to you. For more than a week weve been bringing you full coverage of the events around the world celebrating the first manned lunar landings. Apollo 11 lifted off on 16thjuly 1969 and four days later Neil Armstrong and buzz aldrin took their legendary steps on the moons surface. On this day 50 years ago, they came home. Heres pallab ghosh. Houston. You still look mighty fine here and are cleared for landing. The Recovery Team ready and waiting. So too, the president of the United States, richard nixon. From the original gigantic saturn v rocket that launched the astronauts on their way, this is what was left on the final leg, a tiny command module. Inside, the astronauts were about to face one of the most dangerous parts of theirjourney. Re entry into the earths atmosphere. As they fell to earth, at least 25,000 mph, temperatures soared. Communications from the command module emission control was not possible for a full three minutes. There is blackout. The world watched and waited. And then. Apollo 11, this is hornet. We read you loud and clear. They were safe. And after parachutes were deployed, touched down in the pacific ocean. Once the recovery ship reached them, a diver handed the astronauts isolation suits. No one knew what alien germs may be on the moon. The men were unceremoniously sprayed with disinfectant. After three weeks in quarantine, they were officially declared safe. For america, the nation had made it. They were the first country to reach the moon and bring their astronauts home. But this was a mission that went beyond borders. It briefly brought together a world that was divided by conflict and showed what humanity was capable of. Wednesday was yet another momentous day in british politics. Within hours of taking office as britains new Prime Minister, borisjohnson has carried out a major clear out of ministers who served under his predecessor. More than half have either resigned or been sacked, leaving a cabinet more likely to support a no deal brexit if an agreement cant be reached with the eu. Mrjohnson has promised that britain will leave the bloc at the end of october come what may. Among the cabinet appointments, two british asians have taken topjobs. Sajid javid becomes chancellor of the exchequer orfinance minister and priti patel replaces him in his old job as home secretary. Heres some of the image of the day. I am about to leave downing street. I will continue to do all i can to serve the National Interest and play my part in making our United Kingdom a great country with a great future. A country that truly works for everyone. I have just been to see her majesty the queen, who has invited me to form a government, and i have accepted. And we are going to fulfil the repeated promises of parliament to the people, and come out of the eu on october 31, no ifs or buts. And after three years of unfounded self doubt, it is time to change the record. To recover our natural and historic role. We, in this government, will work flat out to give this country the leadership it deserves, and that work begins now. Thank you very much. Applause thursday looks like being a day of extraordinary, perhaps even unprecedented, heat across some parts of the uk. Thejuly record looks like it will be broken but this is the one also in danger, the uk all time record from the heatwave of 2003 because we could beat that and get very close to 39 celsius somewhere around the london area. Not guaranteed but there is a good chance that that is going to be broken. That is the temperature that will make the headlines but there is plenty of hot weather to come elsewhere. Plenty of sunshine from the word go and we know it is going to be a very warm and muggy start and those temperatures will just rocket as we go on through the morning. We are keeping more cloud close to Northern Ireland with the weather front here and breezy as well. Chance of a bit of rain the further west you are and it will be breezy elsewhere as well butjust coming from a hot direction, that breeze, so there will not be a lot of relief. And, yes, the temperature close to london will make headlines but we will be close to 30 celsius if not above elsewhere in england. Eastern parts of wales, up towards the central belt in scotland as well with the low 20s into Northern Ireland and a little more cloud around. There are some storms around to end the day. Central and eastern parts of england could see them. They will be hit and miss, more likely through parts of Northern England and scotland. The risk of torrential rain, hail and disruption. Still warm night going into friday morning, of course, after the heat of the day so bear in mind that the later stages of thursday into the night there could be some disruptive thundery downpours in places. But then it is all change. This weather front moves through and this is the cold front. Colder stretch but it is the leading edge of cool air coming in on friday. There will be some cloud moving east and the chance of seeing some showers. They may turn heavy on thundery towards parts of Eastern England later in the day. It will still be warm if not hot and humid towards east anglia but most other places will see lower temperatures in some spots by quite a large margin. Going into the weekend, that weather front looks like it will reinvigorate and hang around the eastern side of the uk in particular with the zone of cloud and pulses of rain. Still some uncertainty in the exact positioning of that and could still be there affecting some of us into sunday as well so we will keep you updated on that. But where temperatures have been close to 40 celsius, they come back to the more comfortable 20 degrees. And relax. This is bbc news, the headlines. Boris johnson has become britains new Prime Minister. In his first statement, he said the uk would be leaving the eu no ifs, or buts. Hes also begun a radical overhaul of government topjobs. More than half the ministers under theresa may have either resigned or been sacked. There are fresh concerns over north korea after two missiles were fired into the sea towards japan, according to reports from south korea. It comes after kim jong un was pictured alongside a newly built submarine. Scientists in the United States say the speed and extent of the current period of Global Warming exceeds any similar event in the past 2,000 years. The warning comes as western europe swelters in the second heatwave of the summer