Mental illness is the invisible scourge of modern life. It comes with a stigma. To admit to depression or any other illness of the mind has been to risk being labelled, weak, self indulgent or mad. My guest today, ruby wax, made her name as a comedian and entertainer. A long experience with depression took her into neuroscience and psychotherapy. Mental illness raises difficult questions. Where did she find the answers . Ruby wax, welcome to hardtalk. Thank you. You have made a heck of a career shift from tv star to student of the brain and neuroscience. Does amusing and entertaining people no longer matter to you . I am still entertaining them. But now i am talking about the brain. I think people now crave information. How apologies. We are interrupting hardtalk to you will have another chance to see the. Aung san suu kyi, at the effective leader of myanmar is making her much anticipated televised address on the violence affecting the Rohingya Muslim population. Steps were taken to ove rco m e muslim population. Steps were taken to overcome them. This year, i shall not be able to travel to new york. We now people voted for the National Union of democracy in the elections of 2015, they in fact. Audio drop out there are some difficulties with ec. We will try again now. None of these challenges are easy nor simple. Transition for us is a transition to democracy after 50 years or more of authoritarian rule. Now we are in the process of nurturing our nation yet imperfect democracy. Peace and stability were something we had to achieve after nearly 70 years of internal conflict that started on the day of our independence in 19118. Development has to be achieved within the context of the first to. Nurturing democratic values, establishing peace and stability and achieving the kind of Sustainable Development that will be seen as equitable by all our people. Burma isa equitable by all our people. Burma is a complex nation. Its complexity is a complex nation. Its complexity is compounded by the fact that people expect us to overcome all these challenges in as short a time as possible. I think it is only fitting that i should remind you that today that our government has not yet been in power for even 18 months. It will be 18 months at the end of this year. 18 months is a short time in which to expect us to meet and overcome all the challenges that we have been expected to do. This does not mean that we are not ready to go on with the task of overcoming these challenges. Because i believe in the community of nations, i am i believe in the community of nations, iam prepared i believe in the community of nations, i am prepared to share with all our friends who wish us well and who understand our problems and sympathise with us what we have been doing to achieve democratic transition, peace and stability and development. I am aware of the fact that the worlds attention is focused on the situation in recurrent state. And, as i said at the General Assembly last year, as a responsible member of the community of nations, myanmar does not fear this scrutiny and we are committed to Sustainable Solutions that will lead to peace, stability and development for all communities within that state. Last year i gave a brief outline of our plans to achieve this end. Unhappily, 18 days after the delivery of my address at the General Assembly, three Police Outposts were attacked by armed muslim groups. There were further at attacks on october 11 and november 12 and these clashes resulted in loss of life, injury, burning of villagers and the displacement of people in affected areas. Many muslims fled to bangladesh. Since then, the government has been making every effort to restore peace and stability and to promote harmony between the muslim and recline communities. Rakhine communities. Even before these attacks, we had established a Central Committee for rule of law and development in rakhine and invited kofi annan to lead a commission to help resolve the long time problems of that state. But, in spite of all of these efforts, we were unable to prevent the conflict from taking place. Still, throughout the last year, we have continued with our programme of development and the establishment of peace and harmony. After several months of seemingly quiet and peace, on august 25, 30 Police Outposts as will as the regimental headquarters ina will as the regimental headquarters in a village were attacked by armed groups. Consequence of these attacks, the government declared the rohingya and their supporters responsible for an act of terrorism. In accordance to our counterterrorism laws. There has been much concern around the world in regard to the situation in rakhine. It is not the intention of the myanmar government to apportion blame or abrogate responsibility. We condemn all Human Rights Violations and unlawful violence. We are committed to the restoration of peace, stability and rule of law throughout the state. The Security Forces have been instructed to adhere strictly to the code of conduct in carrying out security operations, to exercise all due restraint and to take full measure to avoid Collateral Damage and be harming of innocent civilians. Human Rights Violations and all other acts that impairs stability and harmony and undermine the rule of law will be addressed in accordance with strict laws ofjustice. Be addressed in accordance with strict laws of justice. We be addressed in accordance with strict laws ofjustice. We feel deeply for the suffering of all the people who have been caught up in the conflict. Those who have had to flee their homes are many. Notjust muslims and rakhines but also small minority groups, of whom most of the world is totally unaware of. Humanitarian assistance is provided to displaced communities by a team led by the minister of social welfare, relief and resettlement from august 27 onwards. Details of the humanitarian Programme Assistance programme will be made available to all our guests in due course. The final report of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, chaired by doctor kofi annan um was made public on august 25. In fa ct, um was made public on august 25. In fact, the very day on which the last round of attacks took place. We are determined to implement the recommendations of the commission. Those recommendations that will bring speedy improvement to the situation within a short frame of time will be given priority. 0ther recommendations we will have to take time over but every single recommendation that will benefit peace and harmony and development in the Rakhine State will be implemented within the shortest time possible. The government is working to restore the situation. Since september five there have been to restore the situation. Since septemberfive there have been no armed clashes and there have been no clea ra nce armed clashes and there have been no clearance operations. Nonetheless, we are concerned to hear that numbers of muslims are fleeing across the border to bangladesh. We wa nt to across the border to bangladesh. We want to find out why this exodus is happening. We would like to talk to those who have fled, as well as those who have fled, as well as those who have stayed. I think it is very little known that the great majority of muslims in the Rakhine State have not joined majority of muslims in the Rakhine State have notjoined the exodus. 0ver state have notjoined the exodus. Over 50 of the villages of muslims are intact. They are as they were before the attacks took place. And we would like to know why. This is what i think we have to work towards. Not just what i think we have to work towards. Notjust looking at the problem, but also looking at the area where there are no problems. Why have we been able to avoid this problem in certain areas. For this reason, we would like to invite the members of our Diplomatic Community tojoin us in our endeavour to learn more from the muslims who have integrated successfully into Rakhine State. If you are interested in joining us in our endeavours, please let us know. We can arrange for you to visit these areas and to ask for yourself why they have not fled, why they chose to remain in their village, even at a time when everything around them seems to be ina everything around them seems to be in a state of turmoil. Apart from what we are doing in the matter of allaying the fears of our people, i would like to say that we have been continuing with our social Economic Development programmes in rakhine. Let me outline a few of them. The Rakhine State socio Economic Development plan has been drafted to boost Regional Development in various sectors. Hundreds of new jobs and opportunities have been created for local people through private public projects. The viability of a special Economic Zone to bring newjobs and businesses has been assessed. In terms of infrastructure development, electrification has been expanded with new roads and bridges called including a new highway connecting remote areas previously only accessible by boat. All People Living in Rakhine State have access to education and Healthcare Services without discrimination. Health Care Services are being provided throughout the state, including hard to reach areas with new mobile clinics. The government has upgraded 300 schools in rakhine. The vocational and Technical Training programmes have begun. Muslims stu d e nts programmes have begun. Muslims students also have access to Higher Education without any discrimination. Humanitarian aid reached all communities in 95 of the affected areas before the recent attacks on august 25. We are now starting another round of humanitarian aid endeavour which we hope will take care of all the peoples in the region. With regard to idp, cancer being closed and necessary assistance provided including the provision of new houses. There is more to do and we are aware of the challenges. With the right to citizenship, a strategy that specific timeline has been developed to move forward the national process. But this is a process which needs cooperation from all communities. In some was long communities, their leaders have decided that they are not to join in the verification process. We would appreciate it if all friends could persuade them tojoin appreciate it if all friends could persuade them to join in the process because they have nothing to lose by it. We are also trying to promote harmony by engaging in two groups. New curriculum is to be introduced in schools with a focus on moral, civic ideas on peace and stability. A new radio channel has been set up to provide healthcare, national ferret verification process and education to all communities. It broadcasts in rakhine, bengali and in my languages. The training and Capacity Building for police and Security Forces are being provided in cooperation with the eu and the United Nations agencies. Since december 2016, local and foreign media groups have been given access to areas deviously off limits in rakhine. Even after the outbreaks on august 25, we arrange for several media groups to visit the affected areas. The government is working ha rd to areas. The government is working hard to enhance existing relations with bangladesh. The National Security visited a la leche in january and july of this year. Bangladesh. We were also hoping a visit from the home minister of bangladesh, but it had to be postponed for reasons of i think other commitments on the part of the minister. But we will welcome him at any time that he is able to come and we hope to take forward the arrangements with regard to the security of the border, which we are trying to implement together. There has been a call for the repatriation of refugees who have fled from myanmar to bangladesh. We are prepared to start the verification process at any time. They verification process was set up as early as 1993 and based on the principles to which both countries agreed at this time, we can continue with the verification of those refugees who wish to return to myanmar. We will abide by the criteria that was agreed on a that time and as our National Security adviser has assured bangladesh and which i can confirm now, we are ready to start the verification process at any time and those who have been verified as refugees from this country will be accepted without any problems in the full assurance of the security and the access to humanitarian aid. I understand that many of our friends throughout the world are concerned by reports of villages being burnt and hordes of refugees fleeing. As i said earlier, there have been no conflicts since december five, and no have been no conflicts since decemberfive, and no clearance operations. We are concerned. We wa nt to operations. We are concerned. We want to find out what the real problems are. There have been allegations and counter allegations and we have two listen to all of them and we have to make sure that these allegations are based on solid evidence before we take action. Action will be taken against all peoples, regardless of their religion, race, or political position to go against the laws of the land and who violate human rights as accepted by the international community. We have never been soft on human rights in this country will stop our government has emerged as a body committed to the defence of human rights, not of any particular communitys writes, but of the right of all human beings within the borders of our country. As we concentrate on problems in the Rakhine State, i would also like to ta ke Rakhine State, i would also like to take the opportunity to remind you that there are problems as serious for us as what is happening in the west of our country. We have been trying to build peace out of internal strife, a piece that must be lasting and that must be accompanied by sustainable and equitable development. We would like to invite you to take part in this Peace Process, tojoin us in finding Lasting Solutions to the problems that have plagued to country for yea rs. That have plagued to country for years. The Peace Process that we started last year in august is continuing and we are having many difficulties. I am continuing and we are having many difficulties. Iam not continuing and we are having many difficulties. I am not surprised by this because it is the way of Peace Process anywhere in the world that they come across difficulties, and sometimes the process stalls, sometimes the process stalls, sometimes they come to we get halt and sometimes it seems as though everything is falling apart, and yet, in the end, we all gather together and move forward because all of us basically one piece rather than war. We want harmony rather than war. We want harmony rather than conflict, and this is the aspiration shared by all our peoples. Peace, stability, harmony and progress. It is not a large agenda, but it is a difficult one. And as we go all with in our efforts as we go forward in our efforts to address the ills of this nation, i would like to ask our friends who understand and sympathise with both our aspirations and our problems to join us. We would like tojoin us in a positive, construct a way to find new paths towards peace and stability, towards harmony. We would like you to include our country as a home, notjust as little affected areas. It is as a whole only that we can make progress. I would like to use the analogy of a Healthy Human being, a Healthy Human being has to being, a Healthy Human being has to be healthy all over. You cannot neglect its General Health just to concentrate on one particular ill. I use this analogy occurs our sector is one which has made the greatest progress since we came into the Administration Last year. By concentrating on Public Health, we have found that other Health Problems can also be better addressed. For example, within one year, deaths from hiv were halved, not because we were concentrating just on hiv aids, but because we we re just on hiv aids, but because we were concentrating on Public Health asa were concentrating on Public Health as a whole. The health of all our people and all our communities. This is how i would like you to look at our country. We are young and fragile democracy facing many problems, but we have to cope with them all at the same time in the way that we have to cope with all our Health Problems at the same time. We cannot just concentrate Health Problems at the same time. We cannotjust concentrate on a few. I would like you to join us cannotjust concentrate on a few. I would like you tojoin us in finding new ways, new ounces, more constructive new ounces, more innovative and possibly more daring. If we cannot resolve our problems quick lee, it does not mean that we are never going to the able to resolve them. It just are never going to the able to resolve them. Itjust means that the suffering of our peoples is extended. We would like to bring an end to the sufferings of our peoples as quickly as possible. We would like to make our country a nation within whose borders everybody can live in security and in prosperity. This is a large order, this is a big ambition, but it is not one impossible to fulfil. We all have to join together, i accept the responsibility lies with us, the people of this country. All the people of this country. All the people of this country. All the people of myanmar, from the government to each and every single individual within this country has a responsibility for the development and the progress of this country. But we would like our friends to join us in our great endeavour. This is certainly a big in via and an ambitious endeavour, a determination to build our country, the set by many problems, a state that is healthy, that is strong, that can look forward to a secure future. It is sad that in meeting our diplomatic immunity, i am obliged to focus just on a very few of our problems when there are so many which i think we could resolve together. That is why i am opening the door to all of the recall of you who wish tojoin the door to all of the recall of you who wish to join us in the door to all of the recall of you who wish tojoin us in our endeavours. We invite you to join us, to talk to us, to discuss with us, to talk to us, to discuss with us, to talk to us, to discuss with us, to go with us to the troubled areas where we can guarantee security for you because we dont wa nt security for you because we dont want the added problems of anything happening to any of you. We would like you tojoin happening to any of you. We would like you to join us there, see for yourself what is happening and think for yourself. What can we do to remove this problem . And also, i wa nt remove this problem . And also, i want you to take special care to study the peaceful areas, how have they managed to keep the peace . How have they managed to preserve harmony . Why are they not at each others throats in these particular areas . This is the answer that we need. It is notjust a matter of removing ills, but also of promoting what is positive. We had to remove the negative and increase the positive and we would like to do that together with all of you. As you are probably aware, our minister for resettlement and rehabilitation is meeting our humanitarian assistance programme. We are very happy that the International Committee of the red cross is joining us in this and we would welcome others who would like to aid us in our endeavours. Many have already committed to help us by donating generously in cash as well as in kind, and we will make sure that everything that they give towards the promotion of peace and harmony in the rakhine is used in the best possible way to benefit all communities. Dont want myanmar to bea communities. Dont want myanmar to be a nation divided by religious beliefs or ethnicity or political ideology. We all have the right to our diverse identities and we all have the right to strive to fulfil our lives in the ways in which we believe are right. But we also had to Work Together because we belong to Work Together because we belong to one nation, and as we belong to one nation, we also belong to this world. It is for this reason that we put great importance, we place great importance on the role of the United Nations as an assembly of nations which was created to promote peace and harmony, to ensure that our world should not ever again in future fall into the suffering that we all experienced during the second world war. It was with the intention of putting an end to is to say putting an end to conflicts that the United Nations was established. I would like to think that what we are doing here today may be the beginning of a truly. Strong and Effective Movement to bring an end to all the conflicts within myanmar. The conflicts between our communities, between our peoples and also the conflict of ideas with regard to how we are to go forward. But conflicts of ideas can be sorted out, can be removed through discussion and dialogue and through open minded and a generous generosity and courage that enables us to see other peoples point of view. And i would also like to say the generosity and courage that would enable other people to state our point of view as well. It is by cooperating only that our world can go forward. By attacking each other, either in words or with weapons or even with emotions will not help us. Heat and fear hate and fear are the main scourges of our word. All conflict arise either out of hate or out of fear. It is only by removing the sources of hate and fear that we shall be able to remove conflict from our country and from our word. As you know, there are many