To pluto and beyond. Welcome to inside story. Im Leonardo Mayer sitting in for luis suarez. It has been a huge month for n. A. S. A. For the first time history, a spacecraft, got close to blewetto sending us the first pluto, sending us the first images. Scientists believe it has icy mountains 2. 5 miles wide. Frigid temperatures, 300 degrees below zero, and word of a new telescope. A planet, kepler 454 degrees. The first earthside planet found orbiting around a sun a lot like ours. Each mission has a cost of 650 billion. No one questions the wow factor, but some question whether its worth that money. Theres Space Exploration moving forward whether it would be better handled by the private sector. Erica pitzi has more. A deep space discovery announced thursday has n. A. S. A. Scientists excited. As far as we can tell its a good close cousin to the earth and our son. Astronomers using the ken telescope. Just days ago the new horizon spacecraft revealed the first detailed picture of pluto, raising questions about its unique surface. What you make in the laboratory is colorless or white. Pluto has colour. Reddish. N. A. S. A. s dominance of human space travelnded years ago. Currently the space agency works with russia and other countries. Sined the end of the Space Shuttle proam. N. A. S. A. Relied on others. Protection, paying russia. The latest mission lunched on wednesday. Government is not the only one whose business is space. A growing numbers of business some ambitious, like this one. A programme to colonize mars. Its inspiration. Humans going to march is the greatest story. We need to share it with the world. Experts say with the next few years several businesses will put it into orbit. Faced with shrinking budget and costs, n. A. S. A. Is returning to the skies. This is something n. A. S. A. Is more comfortable with, new companies are faced with a learning curve. Last october, a rocket exploded during liftoff in virgin. N. A. S. A. Contracted its builder to deliver 5,000 pounds of equipment to the International Space station. Another company n. A. S. A. Plays is spacex. It had several successful deliveries, it had failures and a flight that august. Accidents have many asking if the private sector is ready to take on complex missions. It raises questions, who is responsible if a mission kills people, n. A. S. A. Or the company that contracts. We want to make sure that as these moves into space are happening, that our politics are keeping pace with them. Those questions are not stopping Companies Bidding for contract with n. A. S. A. , worth billions of dollars. Elon musk, the jeff basos, paul allens, myself, all of us in this cause right now, i believe come from a place of hope and possibility. While it may seem like a new context. Its not. N. A. S. A. Hired companies. Boeing was the lead contractor. So will more and more companies see dollar signs in the stars . The universe holds the answer. Joining me now, n. A. S. A. s john jenkins, the coinvestigator for the mission. Thanks so much for joining us. How big is the discovery of kepler 452b. Well, thank you, im pleased to be here. Its a big discovery. And really big news. This planet is orbiting the star in an orbit that is the same size as earth, receiving the same amount of energy, a little more than earth, and is orbiting a star similar to the sun. In fact, this is the first discovery of a small planet that could be rocky. Thats big news to all of us. Is there any idea if theres life forms on the planet. Indications of water or anything like that. Will we be able to figure it out . The answer is no. We know the size, the energy that its refusing. We know some things, but beyond that we have to predict what might be there, based on what we know about other planets in the solar system. We can estimate the planet. We estimate based on other small planets found that it has a better than even chance of being rocky. Determining whether it is inhabiteded by plants or animals. That will not happen. Thats a long way. Want to take a stap at it, what do you think is there. Purely hypothetical. No one would no better. I think what we need to do is use this discovery as a springboard for future emissions. Im on the team that is building the mission, which is a different launch in 2017. That is an allsky survey looking for earths close neighbours. Targetting stars that are 10 times closer and for this planet we are unable to measure the maths. Its too far away. Theyll find planets that are 10 times closer. Many of these planets follow up with the telescope. Characterising the atmospheres, learning what they are made of. Further down the road we are looking to other submissions 10 years, 20 years down the road capable of seeking signs of life in the atmosphere. 452. It is not your area of expertise, you must follow the news much when you couple of discovery and you look at kepler, this is a big month from n. A. S. A. What do you take away. Nothing brings news home like seeing pictures from a planet like pluto. Before it was a small hazy dot. Maybe a desk, and its hard to get an idea of what such a planet is like before you visit it. Could you imagine having those kinds of images, an exoplanet. It would be stunning amazing. Some people have asked questions about is all of this worth the money, why is it worth hundreds of billions, in order to get new pictures of pluto, why is it words it . Well, id say that Human Experience is one infuse said. And theres universe alt i to find out what is over the next universality to find out what is over the ocean, and we have been asking are we alone for thousands of years and asking are there other worlds around other stars. Thats a question that until recently we have not had any idea about. Yes, i talked to an astronaut a couple of weeks ago with the same questions, are we alone. He brought up the point do i want to know that answers and invite anyone to come to our planet. N. A. S. A. . Well, i have worked at n. A. S. A. Research center for 23 years. And your father was an n. A. S. A. Scientist f i understand correctly. When did he start to work with the agency . My father was an engineer, a Computer Scientist and he joined the programme. He worked on the mercury and gemini and apollo. Over the course of your family working at apollo, the agency saw cutbacks. If you look at the number, the percentage of the budget. N. A. S. A. Accounts for 0. 5 . Back in the day when your father started to work for n. A. S. A. It was 2, 3, 4 of the federal budget. Is n. A. S. A. Appropriately funded and impacting on the ability to conduct experiments . I think we are pushing the boundaries in the frontieres of science as hard as we can, given the resources that exist. There are many serious issues that we have to deal with, and the government has to balance competing interests. Im thrilled and find it exhilarating that we make such discoveries as we are announcing today, and that we had last week with pluto. I think what is happening is that people are making the most of what we have. Of course wd like to have the big budget. But we have to balance competing interests. Making the most and giving bang for the buck when you look at the pictures and discovery of the planet. Thank you so much. John jenkins, thank you for joining us. When we return, beyond the debate of whether or not to explore space, we look at how we should do it. Pros and cons of privatizing space. To pluto and beyond. Its inside story. Being a musician, theres no demand. World renowned artist lang lang the moment youre on stage, welcome back to inside story, im adam may in for ray suez. Tonights show to pluto and beyond. The trend towards private money, pushing exploration to another lair. Yuri milnersnt, russian billionaire and steven hawking announced a 100 million project called break through listen. Listen to this the goal is to search for radio signals signs of intelligent life out there. The executive director of the space frontier foundation, the director of the advocacy of the planetary society, thank you for joining us. I would like to start with you. Is the private industry really driving us forward when it comes to immigration. I think that the private industry is able to take risks that n. A. S. A. Is not able to tyke. N. A. S. A. Is funded by taxpayer dollars, and is decided by congress. The private industry, being funded by private investment and their project decided by economic value. They are able to mo faster, take risks and do things that ultimately results in Innovative Products where n. A. S. A. Has not been able to do so. Would you agree with that. Especially as we have seen n. A. S. A. s budget slashed so much over the last few years, is private industry able to pick up loose ends. Yes, to some extent. The Crucial Point to remember is n. A. S. A. Acts as a customer to a lot of these industries. And also n. A. S. A. Had a long history of washing with a lot of private history for areas cracking methods in the past. And its a new relationship of buying services from new Space Industries that are kind of unexplored country we are going into. Fundamentally at the moment, it needs a healthy private space industry. What about the fact that we dont have a shuttle. Our astronauts are having to rely on russia to get the International Space station. How long until we see the private industry stepped in and supply a transportation mode for the astronauts. You are seeing it right now, they are funding this process call the troop programme and has been asking for dollars from the congress. In bringing iran to the table and help make it clear we needed to bring about a serious and productive negotiation with iran. From the day that those talks began, we were Crystal Clear that we would not accept anything less than a good deal. And we defined it up front as a deal that closed off the four pathways to a bomb. The two uranium pathways, the plutonium pathway, and the covert pathway. So we set our standard, and we believe we have achieved that standard. After almost two years of intensive talks, the facts are Crystal Clear, that the plan announced last week in vienna is in fact a deal that does shut off those pathways, and provides guarantees through the lifetime of the mpt and the participation of iran that we will know what they are doing. Now the chairman mentioned in his opening comments some praise about unless we give iran what they want. Folks, they already have what they want. They got it ten years ago or more. They already have concurred the fuel cycle. When we began our negotiations, iran had enough material for 10 to 12 bombs. They had 19,000 centrifuges, up from the 163 that they had back in 2003 when the Prior Administration was engaged with them on this very topic. So this isnt a question of giving them what they want. Its a question of how do you hold their program back in how do you dismantle their weapons program. Not their whole program. Lets understand what was really on the table here. We set out to dismantle their ability to be able to build a Nuclear Weapon, and we have achieved that. Nobody has ever talked about actually dismantling their entire program, because when that was being talked about, that was when they went from 163 centrifuges to 19,000. Everybody here knows what the options are for stopping that. Its called military action. Because they are not going to stop it otherwise. They have already proven that. They proved it through all of those years. So under this agreement, iran has agreed to remove 98 of its stockpile, destroy 98 of their stockpile o enriched uranium,dy install twothirds of their centrifuges, and fill a reactor with concrete. Iran has agreed to refrain from purchase purchasingweapons grade mru tone numb for at least 15 years. And if they begin to do that, we will know it immediately. Iran has always agreed to accept the Additional Protocol which is an outgrowth of the failure of the north korea experience, which put in additional Access Requirements precisely so we do know what iran is doing, and they have to ratify it before the u. N. Sanctions are lifted at the end of this process. They have to have passed it. They have agreed to live by it from day one. They are going to live by the Additional Protocol. In addition, there are in additional transparency measures we can go into in the course of this hearing. If iran fails to comply, we will know it, and we will know it quickly, and we will be able to respond accordingly, by reinstituting sanctions all the way up to the most draconian options that we have today, none of them are off the table at any point in time. So many of the measures that are in this agreement are therefore not just for ten years, not just for 15 years, not just for 20 years, not just for 25 years, of which there are measures for each of those periods of time, but they are for life, forever, as long as iran is within the npt. By the way, north korea pulled out of the npt, iran has not pulled out of the npt. Remember that two years ago when our negotiation began, we faced an iran that was enriching uranium up to 20 at a facility that was secret and buried underground, and they were rapidly stockpiling enriched uranium, they were building a heavy reactor, that could produce one to two bombs a year, and experts assessed that the breakout time as a result, the integral required to produce one Nuclear Weapon was about two to three months. If this deal is rejected, we return immediately to this reality. Accept that the diplomatic threat of i. S. I. L. In our region is removed. On the other hand while cross border operation continued, there has been and antiterror operation involving 16 provinces of turkey against i. S. I. L. Dhkpc and other connected terrorist organizations. This operation or those operations were based on accurate reliable intelligence and a pinpoint target operations. We have given the go ahead early this morning and the operations still continue as we speak. And 19 people have been taken into custody in relation to the killing of Police Officer and 35 in another province have been taken into custody. In the same way that i. S. I. L. Militants have been responded to to the ones who are very involved in the killing of our army officer, those who attack Police Officers and others will be dealt with in the same manner manner. And a large amount of ammunition and weapons have been confiscated during the operations earlier today and during these operations one member of the bhkpc have fired at the police and have been captured there. Turkey is a democratic country. In turkey everyone is entitled to hold demonstrations that such decisions are prohibited, however, no one is allowed to do this when they attend such demonstrations. But we see that some people try to take advantage of an institution like a funeral. I would like to extend my condolence once again to the families who are lost at the terrorist attack but regard less whether and with regard to what organization they might belong to anyone who tries to take part in any actions or demonstrations or any protests while their faces are coward they will be found, they will be followed, they will be captured and punished according lyly and no one is going to be treated in any other way. Operations against the militants of i. S. I. L. And members of pkk and similar terrorist organizations will continue. The number of actions that have been detected in rural areas in an attempt to form illegal terrorist bodies and they will be vigorously at fault. Yes, we