An injured dozens more. The blazes being blamed on fireworks set off inside the venue. Ma mode on the one hand has more from danya, as we have spoken to some of the victims families here. They are completely diva stated, frustrated, and just a pointed at it concerning it authoritys they say that they have received promises from a government officials that anyone found responsible for this tragedy will be held to account. But they say this is not enough. This is not enough, this is not going to solve that. The crisis is not going to set that up. Solve the problem until and unless negligence is criminalized, the president s have no going to called a bach assigned a degree to dissolve the self declared republics. All state institutions will cease to exist from january the 1st, next year, azerbaijan sees control of your own, saved triggering an exit as a fuzz and some ethnic armenians. The president or mexico was calling for a meeting of Foreign Ministers from 10 latin american countries. A wants to discuss the record numbers of Asylum Seekers crossing from mexico into the united states. So i was president , has unveiled the islands 1st domestically made submarine. A 2nd stop will be commission if testing on the prototype of successful fight ones come under pressure from beijing to avoid buying something. Some other countries candidates for the republican president ial nomination of held a fiery 2nd debate in california. Some of them have criticized former us President Donald Trump not taking part. Those are the headlines. Its judy will be, im scripted is up next and then dont forget the website. Of course, ill just say the dot com. Im rolled mathis and stay with us and obviously you in the usually just Somebody Just said to take place in canada as the block looks to make itself more recent. Move a so me to help which lead is united on the many challenges they face on the the cannon and the curriculum that we would towards. It was kind of down some elsewhere. It was an imperative curriculum that is the image of architecture in the west. If you will given old about the in the world for doing the building, you still would like to make a building that has taken out the surpassing was the unnecessary. And so we can housing your forest is not a choice. The, an undefended auto rena. Im an architect from seattle to the architecture in the end, theres nothing but deeming form to the the traces where people live is not more complicated than that, but also not easier than that. The im samantha valley. Im an architect from johannesburg. South africa, the, i think the role of architecture is that it is a vast so full of identities and a manifestation for who we are in the world. And it allows us to see ourselves reflected the as my practice element time. We see the c, d s a short touch towards the quality the your identifies to to the projects of public space, infrastructure, housing, or transportation. You can improve peoples quality of life in a short period of time. The my process Counter Space was formed by both the challenges and the inspirations that exist in my city to hattiesburg is of the case was deep segregation, but also a place which is incredibly vibrant and full of creativity. The i would like to use floor in the dyna with some maya. How can we as architects, face image quality is in the built environment to all practice . And what does the future of architect to look like from voices of difference who have been left out of the architectural canon for most of history, the, the, why dont we start by addressing one of the elephants in the room. The women in architecture. I think there has been criticism about this issue recently and im interested not so much in the, in the advocacy or lets say the activision. But i wanted to know by the Tipping Points that brought to you to be where you are today. Um, so the elephant in the room moment in architecture. I think thats for me. Ive always seen all of the facets of my identity being a woman being of color, being south african of Indian Heritage as fuel for my practice. And ive never seen it as a challenge, but as a power, really, i think that these are important things to bring to the architectural conversation. Because architecture has always been created in the image of a very particular identity that of the actual normative voice mail. And so anything that we can bring to travel or challenge or compliment and supplement that we should. And if i think about the Tipping Points and when i graduated and i volunteered for a friends and you called one to one agency of engagement, its run by donald bennett. And donald was looking at a project that had to do with informal supplement upgrading. And something that came into the conversation was the idea of a to a story, woke up for this community to testify. And you know, just think about how we let met sprawl. And so on, and one of the community to stood up and said in their particular belief system, they dont want to have to a story walk ups because the, everything above the 1st floor was the ground floor is the realm of the ancestors. And when the so leaves, the body needs to have a tear passage for the ancestors. And this was the 1st time i had an indigenous belief system described specially like that. And it was an incredibly profound moment for me to be able to reckon with that idea that architecture can hold Belief Systems and id ologies like that. But until that time, all of the ideologies that i saw held in architecture didnt come from my own city or my own context and our own conditions. So that was an incredibly formative moment. Also that time of being in must in the city of johannesburg and and being able to study and learn from its conditions made me fall in love with the idea of architecture again. So thats a Tipping Point for my practice. Yes. What about you . What was the Tipping Points in, in your trajectory to, for going into that things weve just said, i mean a very telling because you could have chosen not to have listened to that need to have the 2nd floor free. The fact that that matters, which is a symbolic thing, is a cost model. G has a way to look at the where the not necessarily falls in what we have been trained as architect which is measurable, budget timeframe. And i think it tells us a lot about the nature of the questions that we have to do today in this world. Some of them are very concrete, very urgent. Some of them are in tangible, symbolic, and talk about the mysterious nature of the human condition. And its both in this synthetic condition of architecture, i would say its very telling from you your own Tipping Points, but about my own move. Um, im going to try to make it as less boring as possible, maybe a 3rd year student uh having to do a house private house. And um, many of of our im our friends, chose an artist. The philosopher if youll make it on the assumption that the back to the client, the better the architecture and of course, as uh, i chose to go the other way around. Maybe its question of age, question of t lane, the middle of the dictatorship. Do you just want to prove okens . I want i made the house for a taxi driver because i want them in big words being discussing the university heidegger, the boy, the space. And this guy was a friend of my father. I wanted to have the refrigerator in the living room because it was a sign of status. It could have gone or be wrong. But it, it went well. So you then, of course, committed some courage to keep on provoking. Maybe then the other thing a Tipping Point would be your 1st building, so im always grateful of this particular professor of mine that proposed me to be the architect of this building in the university. And once you get an opportunity, youll grab it with a tooth and nail and i was almost leaving on the, on the construction side. I was so nervous because you were doing some lines on paper. And this lines become a couple of months later, some tons of matter and, and hundreds of workers there. And that building lead to be invited to harvard. I asked myself when are writing to have a, what can i say here that matters. So i thought about social housing coming from a country like g let west caustic, these of means are all around you. Which i thought with a said great filter, an antidote against arbitrariness. You can do things just because you want to, or because yukon, i mean the budget are so tight. And if you make a mistake, families get a subsidy only once in their lifetime, yukon fail on on. I would stop there. Maybe building on that a little bit. I think theres something very interesting in your practice about naming for us the name of the practice itself. And then id also like to hear how that ss is embedded. Also in this idea of the off house. Yeah, the name matters. Im actually when we started with this initiative, i talked about i met that person, they are a transport engineer under the sequel bailey. So he asked if juliana to take 2 reasons. He has drawn so much international attention, i suppose to be so good. Why social housing . So back. Uh, i think you had a point and they said, why dont we do something . What is a my architects mind was do something meant a book, an exhibition, uh, in my wildest dreams, a one to one prototype in his skin use mind. Lets make a company that can compete in the market and prove the market wrong. We want that among other things, the name element 1000 in spanish is something that cannot be farther decomposed. So we want to turn a negative aspect of social housing into something positive because give your, given all the bad just in the world for doing a building. You still would like to make a building that has taken out the surprise because the unnecessary what everything that is not strictly the case in housing and so housing youre forced to, theres not a choice. And the question of the half house, i think its important to be clarified because one of us would like to receive half of a house solution. And so it was at housing. The point was when you study informally settings and social housing in, in developing countries, which is the reality for 2000000000 people in the world. What do you get in the best of the cases is around 40 square meters . I would then reality shows is that the need for making a grow because the middle test family comp need in such a tight space. They double lane is the size with markets and govern ment do with type budgets is that they take the middle class house and make it a small one and quote architects to make it look nice. But its still a tiny small house. So the only thing we need was why dont we look at those 40 square meters, which is a fast, we can not afford more than that, not as a small house, but as half of that middle class good one that we would like to deliver, but we dont have enough funds. The moment you reframe the question as half of the good house instead of a small one. The key question is, which have to do, and the destination of a Public Policy is that you do the, has that somebody is con to do on their own. And we identified a set of design conditions that allows families over time. You come to limit everything on day one, been over time. Thing for mentally you achieve thats done that you cannot afford in developing countries. So the name and the mentality is about that. What about contest by . So Counter Space was started when i was still a student and i started with a group of friends at the time. We were very much engaged and in love with joannas bug. I also was very aware that when i was studying the cannon and the curriculum that we went towards was handed down from elsewhere, it was an inherited curriculum. That is the image of architecture in the west. And it was not an architecture that was made of and for this incredible city that we were loving and studying and, and so Counter Space was born to be able to imagine other spaces. So chinas book, its incredibly segregated. Of course, we know we still live with the histories and the ongoing legacies of a project. But despite these challenges and segregation, its also incredibly vibrant. Its incredibly rich and we see that peoples Belief Systems have, in some instances, been resilient enough to surface. So we have many, for example, economies that have developed in the cracks of the city or these incredible conditions that exist in johannesburg. I really wanted to be able to see architecture thats made from these conditions. And also architecture of its not just about is this idea of a lack of infrastructure or, you know, only purely service delivery. And then i also really like the idea of the Counter Space as a surface across which to share and come together. And just for the Counter Space conjures space, has to be together to cope together to interact over it brings to the economies. And all of these definitions i think are interesting because architecture is rarely how we convene and space. So its a shared practice. I mean, the question of working with communities and not just us. Well, thats the end users or the clients also your own creative process. I guess its, its collective, isnt it . Yes, going to space. I was involved over the years. But the way that we work is such that we collaborate on every single project with different design disciplines, with communities invoices from various fields on every project. So when he worked on this up and time pavilion, there was several neighborhoods and several community ox institutions that became part of the project as well. For example, the same on the stomach got spin, are they . There were several different institutions from all across the world. As well as many different facets in the design team. So i think, collaborating and bringing different voices to the design discourses. I hope something thats inherent to the practice. And i am very hopeful continue to talking about listening to community strand. We open to him to, to the audience. As my question for you smile. I, you, you mentioned that you felt that the curriculum you had was an inhabited curriculum and it from the west. How did you keep yourself from being corrupted for once of a better way of being corrupted by that . By the curriculum and still have your voice and still have a yeah, youre unique identities to bring to your work. And i have to go back to was learn to listen to my intuition. And thats something that i, i still am stubbornly kind of focused on. And i also learned not to trust the system too much because i didnt do particularly well in design school. And thats really taught me to just focus on what i was interested in, and in the purpose of that. So ive never looked for validation outside. Ive always judged my project by kind of in a guiding intuition um, but i can say that i am not corrupt because i think that all of us have and maybe its not necessarily a corruption. We all have pieces of each other inside of ourselves. We exist in the world and we interact with others, which is a beautiful thing. And so i think we all have pieces of east west, north and south inside of us, the conditions and the couches that we live in uh, hybrid, my own identity is so hyphenated that it combines so much just in hawaii. Um, and i think that that is a strength and a power because what type of entity does is it allows us to resume to as many different context and many other people were able to emphasize and see humanity in, in everyone else. And, and it also does less of a risk of, of the ring when we acknowledge and embrace dial hybridity and a 100, a question for you in the ongoing context of housing shortages and crisis all over the world horse has been your take away from the in trends who projects and what you feel is most critical and having design right now. First is the, what apparently is perceived as something to be corrected or replaced, meaning influence settlements are part of the solution, not part of the problem. The reason for that is that the migration towards cities, it happens at the scale speed and this causative means of 1000000. 00 people per week with which we have to respond with 1010000. 00. But finally, thats, thats a fact with all the resources of governments in marcus, when not even close to answer that question, then people have pulled a roof on top of their head despite having no help from outside. The thing is not to romanticize that the way that has been happening because individual actions, even if will intention, cannot guarantee common good. And thats what happened in form on settlements. So the question is to identify what your role as an architect is there, i would say framing and channeling that those forces instead of replacing them, is the attitude. So the random design there is like a different from controlling electron not long ago, a member in the panel was referring to architecture, spring against rafael. Not that, i mean you will. He tells you that he was serving that corner excited. Are you waiting for the ball . He serves another, the less the boys behind you behind you before you realized thats the case of housing. I my reaction to that comment, which i think it was very brilliant, is that more than tennis is mixed between rugby and surf because its ruled, its surfing away. That is so much bigger than yourself. This of the big big forces and those forces cannot be repressed. You have to channel them. There was me for something that social housing cannot provide, which is personal expression, fried. There was a drawing in the window one of the housing projects. We did a no maybe no long ago. And the drawing was from a kid that was saying that this part of the house that was an arrow pointing at devoid at will be done my my, that a debt, single pride. Those of you will not given. They were saying that youre still waiting to go with that compression of the enterprise. Its thanks to people. So that was something that was not there is and we have been asked by some communities, but it wouldnt be the if i have the money, dont finish everything along for this things to let good diversity into the system. And that i with i would say is that the richness of the urban environment that we have sometimes missing incentives. So ill take seemed to agree that architecture communicates through foam through scale, through material, through uh, through lights, ill contention can communicate to not come implicit. Why is it possible to think for it to communicate in a more explicit way about particular stories . For example, stories of hybrids couldnt a new stomach identity. I think i a full member editing form is every saying uh, politics, economies, ideologies, Belief Systems about a car about packed. And if we think about ways of being that our role and oral and atmospheric things that are grounded in ritual practice, those also can lend themselves to for making. But those forms might not necessarily look like the forms that we have all around us. And most traditional cities, the project of architecture is to be able to absorb those rituals and those ways of life and ways of being and then translate them into the phone. And i think that all of those things they happen, people make them happen despite architects and despite architecture. And we havent had this course that thinks about how we continue or evolve those ways of for making in the present. Earlier we talked about the stuff in time pavilion being segmented and having pieces located in different neighborhoods for me that logic came from thinking about diasporas and thinking about things such as root themselves or after themselves from one place and travel to another place. And then take on the conditions of that other place. So whats the pavilion in particular, i looked at spaces that were important for migrant communities. When they 1st moved to london, and i source about some of the 1st mosques, churches, synagogues, but then also marketplace is where people would be able to find traditional ingredients for recipes or some of the 1st and then used to play black music in london. But then i also wanted to be able to take the pavilion back out into london and wrote the pavilion in neighborhoods in london. So in some of the, the same community, odds institutions, we embedded pieces of the pavilion that then posted programs overtime and beyond the form. What that did is it created collaborations between the suff and time gallery in Kensington Gardens and london and community odds institutions across london. So the building became a kind of communication device between places and the message for me of that way of working really came from thinking about that as far as logics and thinking about how people have moved across places. I started to think what is architect to did that as well . The material that i mentioned, they are static dimensions, but they also methods of practice and ways of working that are waiting to inform architectural practice the, the same society that was a blending some ways stations and barricades and new things of stores decided that the way to deal with our conflicts was discussing and have a political dialogue. I was born in 1990 just a few days after mandela was released from prison. And i hope i hold in my practice that theres always hope that we can lives together. The, the the oil rich, the rock is facing a crisis and a final bike to results. Water as dams built by its upstream neighbors, restrict flow under investment and climate change, or exacerbate the situation. Now when regions were settled funding 1st, image pensions are rapidly rising. People in power investigates whether this could be the last generation to farm the land. Iraqs walter was part 2 of 2 on a jersey to the Ultra National remarks connected with one of the worlds worst humanitarian crisis. We dont accept any getting migrant joining with the military to impose that deadly political agend. You have to filter our nation. What has happened to the retention . Thats one of the biggest stains of the country as well as in not really. This is important to me in an unholy alliance. Oh no jews here imprisoned without trying to. Ill just say, richard, unless remain behind bars in egypt. The hot wood didnt seem detained since february 2020 the drop yet a ship detained since august 2021. Out as the recalls for the Immediate Release of its gentlest, detained in egypt, journalism is not a crime or the the prayers of to tragedy. Iraqis holds funerals for victims of a fire at a wedding that killed 95 people the know about this. And then this is all just even live from dont have also coming off of the end of a self declared republican. The president of the box of science are to create dissolving all state institutions a spot