Transcripts For ALJAZ The Stream 20240711

City of gather if the humanitarian crisis is getting much worse, were talking about more than 40000 who have arrived just over the past 3 weeks. When you look at the u. N. Projections, they say that they expect 200000 refugees to arrive over the coming next month. But when you look at the rate of arrivals with at least 3000 people arriving every single day, according to sudanese authorities, theyre expecting the number of 200000 refugees to reach to reach that figure, much earlier sudanese Authorities Say that could happen in as few as 3 months if not sooner, and theyre worried about the capability or their capacity to handle this influx of refugees. Now the headlines, hong kongs chief executive has defended a crackdown on the opposition and praise the widely criticized National Security law. Carolines annual policy address was delayed by a month to allow for further consultation with beijing. U. S. President elect joe biden is formally introduced to some members of his proposed cabinet. Bidens margin of victory against donald trump is also a growing pennsylvania in nevada. Have now certified him as the winner of the election. A controversial bill that would limit the right to film or take photos of French Police officers has passed its 1st hurdle in parliament. The lower house voted in favor of the security bill, as hundreds protested in paris rights groups, and journalists of criticize the proposed law, which makes it illegal to share images of police. Police officers, sorry, with the intent to cause them harm. And frances president emanuel across, it says the worst of the 2nd coronavirus wave is now over. The country will start easing its lockdown from this weekend. More than a 1000 virus deaths there were reported on tuesday. Up to that with the headlines on aljazeera, the stream is next. As a 2nd wave of covert, 19 brings us surgeon infections. A few months ago, there were dozens of cases a day now it reaches 2000 and countries enforce new measures to curb contagion. This is the 1st step of the governments aim of mass. I think the entire population of scientists are on the brink of releasing new vaccines to reduce the spread of the virus. Will it be enough to bring the Global Health crisis to an end . The coronavirus pandemic, special coverage on a jazeera there, anthony ok. Youre watching the home edition of the stream under the stairs in my house because it is 2020. We are in a global time to make. We have learned so much of the past few months about cas 819. So here in the student wants to bring together some health professionals. Who could tell us, what do we know now that we didnt know before . Talk about vaccines because theyre making headlines right now. And what to expect in 2021. I know you have questions we are gave. You can jump into the Comment Section of asking questions and they can be part of todays show where we have doctors in the house. We have medical professions in the house. Its good to have you back. Can you do you a special introduction to the well tell everybody who you are in mind. This genius who may have seen you before. Thank you for having me on the show today. So i am somewhat of a doctor. I work in intensive care and emergency medicine. I am also a journalist and ive written for few pieces recently on the Economic Impacts of chronic are somewhat good to have you back at kiko. Really nice to see you. Can you introduce yourself to i would its tell them he, while i thank you for having me on your cell. My name is i am a professor in your knowledge singing at the Yale University school of medicine. My lab studies the immune response to cope with 19 and another doctor, you have krishna was in with us on the strain krishna. Introduce yourself to a global audience. Tell them what eating are good to be with you on krishna like maher position based at Duke University and have the pleasure of leading the Global Health Innovation Center here and to try to harness innovation to address health and healthcare challenges, including covert welcome everybody. None of you would have missed the headlines recently about vaccines. And so i want to show our audience this 3 vaccines that are making news right now, why theyre making news. So lets start with the families of 195 percent efficacy thought t dollars is expected price. So thats the fines that 1. 00 would earn. Are 94. 00 play, fight the same advocacy, and it may cost somewhere between 25 and 37 dollars and inflation only ask, just send meca up to 90 percent efficacy sunni dollars, maximum cost. This 1. 00 is way, way, way cheaper. I might add of those 3 region which you pick. Im lying. I think its really a difficult question to answer that particular in terms of the data thats available at the moment. Not i might annoy a lot has been provided towards us, but its important to also look at like the history of Drug Companies in terms of how theyve actually impacted economies before. So in 2007, for example, pfizer was voted as the least reputable Pharmaceutical Company of the Big Companies out there. And this is, theyve been, theyve had quite a lot like 4 complaints and mike in 2009 that had the biggest education against them. So there are times where Drug Companies, especially in something that is so marketable. So i guess economically beneficial for a company where the whole world requires a Coronavirus Vaccine for them to maybe, you know, cut corners or try to jumps so and shortcuts. So for me to say which one am i going to trust . Now its difficult to answer that question. Its more of, lets wait for the data to come out before we can from the start say which one of those 3 is the one thats the most exciting akiko, just looking at these 3. Can you tell us that if its doing the finds him or done or, and asked insanity cant because at some point, either in the next few months or the next 6 months, people are going to be faced with a choice. Maybe they wont have a choice, maybe theyll just have to take one of them. Whats the difference treating signs or for instance, the fines of axing . What should we know about . So the fires are in the modern or vaccines are the m. R. I. Vaccines. What that means is its taking the blueprint to make a protein called the spike protein, which is the target of the immune response to sars coronavirus 2, which causes the cove in 1000 disease. And thats introduced into the cell by lipitor capsule. And its our own cells that make the proteins, the spike proteins that become the target of on to bodies and t. Cells. The astra zeneca vaccine is a viral vectored vaccine, which means that were using the ad in our virus as a trojan horse to deliver the material inside the cell. And again, its the host cell that makes the protein, the spike protein that becomes the target of antibodies, intisar, s. So all of these things are, you know, have a very high efficacy so far, and im very excited about the let me just go to abdullah. Abdi and adeline, the new chief says, whose duty is it to conduct random, independent tests of the components of the vaccines . Because hes really concerned about transparency. Who is that . So in that use it already is like, i want to check the data and make sure its ok. Whose responsibility is it to do that . Well, i guess its part of the whole process of peer review research normally and its something thats not so rushed where Drug Companies trying to produce a product all go through various phases of research. I submitted to different journals where other people who are peers of who work in the same field will go through the recession, the data, and then come to a conclusion whether or not this industry is a bull or not feasible on a good through various stages. So there is always background checks that can happen, but in this, i guess more of a rushed process. Corners are being cut even when it comes towards the f. D. A. Or more nights in the u. K. There are there are because its, theyre looking for emergency approval. What is occurring is going to her as much scrutiny. What are the coolness, akiko, do you agree that there could, as you will have you sitting there with excitement and a medicine that i think the consequence . Well, corners are being cut. Certainly the phase 3 trials are looking at safety and making sure that no adverse events are happening. And so far, none of these 3 companies have adverse event that would stop it from going forward. And obviously the efficacy data, these are called press releases, which means that the companies that are conducting the trials are putting out news in the form of press release as opposed to what on that wants to see. Whats in store, peer reviewed, or at least preprint version on the raw data. And now we havent seen those yet, but i believe those are forthcoming. I believe this is the scenario i wanted. I didnt big i should be projecting stary time right here. Our viewers around the world, but a way out now and now to be christian. Well, we dont know enough and we are living through a real crisis around the world. And so i agree that data is incredibly important, but theres a strong role here for regulatory bodies as well, in addition to the peer review process. And so we have seen the f. D. A. And other regulators also step up and make sure that they are providing transparency as well as clear guidelines as to what they want to see from the data, including evidence the as well as safety. And maybe to go back to your 1st question, what excites me about that Scene Development is really all of the above. I dont think we can be in a position where we try to choose just one of these 3 candidates or even more that are coming online. We know that in the best case scenario, where all 3 of these vaccines are seen to be effective and get approved, that the total manufacturing capacity is about 5000000000. 00 doses by the end of 2021. More than a year from now. And more than 3000000000. 00 of those voters are already purchased and spoken for. So were going to have significant shortages. And what we really need to be thinking about is portfolio management. So how many different vaccines can we bring online and how quickly and make sure that the right type of vaccine is going to the right place at the right time . Question and u. B. E. Tweeted out just a few hours ago as i can see this beautifully hand on my laptop about how many doses will be available in 20202021. How many ricky people top. So were looking by next year at the now im just going to make a quick one to thank for 1000000000 doses that meet. Its very quick to create mathematics. Christian, i have a question for you. This question comes from uganda and this is going to have an issue. When you look at uganda police, then what is the take for us to get the right to do this . You plan to combat the spending in that timeframe. How im going to ensure the last minute we do nothing. Youve got to find the scene. You need to get rid of the police that seem to be still. And one of the last of the cities not have time to present how were going to do a problem, because we need to ensure that people who might, if the scene see thank you. In a breath, i think thats a really critical question. And i would say, where have platforms like kovacs, the world health organization, gabby and sappy, have come together to really bring together a single platform to try to facilitate equitable access around the world. And under really alone, i know can i say she has received a medical . Well, she says like, zach seems for affordable policies. Low actually even free. Chris . Yes. Thats right. And so there is room there. Certainly for improvement. We need tens of billions of dollars more to be raised in this equitable way. And the idea that we might need ultra cold chain in places that are outside of cities, especially in low resource that ngs are going to be very difficult. Which is why getting the positive data on the astra, zeneca oxford, that scene as well as some of the others that are in the late stage of pipeline is going to be really important. And in addition to kovacs, i think were starting to see things like the African Union and the africa c. D. C. Come together to protect your funding from across the continent so that they too can make purchases to cover their own populations. So we are starting to see some movement, but a long way to go, akiko, i feel, and im picking up from our online community, some hesitancy about taking the vaccine. This is sure c 100 on you say i want to take the vaccine, but part of me is worried about its safety. But mostly because of the people i feel as though i dont know why. Ok, so thats all of us and protecting our fear is our concern. But we also tracked down rather who is in south africa. Shes in johannesburg and shes been taking part in Oxford University trials. And she has a very different perspective for guiding, taking a vaccine. Heres what i chose to take part in the south africa in aspen back scene from the cove a 19 virus because i think its incredibly important to have days that is relevant to my local context. I also would like to believe that my taking part, who would, in some way, shape or form enable the people of my countries have access to that when its finally improved. In terms of whether i will trust the vaccine when it is available. Absolutely, and i think partially this is involved by the factors that have been on the trial. Ive been able to witness firsthand the different Safety Measures and the corrections that theyve taken to show that safe and effective. Ok can pick up on that. Yeah, so i think a lot of the sphere comes from the fact that they emanate axes, for example, is a new platform that has not been approved for any other infectious diseases. Yet. However, there is very little to fear about any of these facts. And as i mentioned, the safety is number one and the woods are through the trial, are people really paying attention to what kind of side effect they might have or what kind of adverse events that these volunteers that are taking the vaccine my suffer from . And so far we have seen no concern nost of your concerns from any of these vaccines. And secondly, the m. R. D. Vaccine. Essentially what were doing is were just sort of telling the cells to make the virus protein that otherwise you would name it, you would make up on exposures of the virus. So sort of giving us a leg up 1st to produce our antibody before being exposed to the virus, gives us the ability to block and neutralize and really help us from getting severe diseases. So i think, i mean, i would be the 1st one to line up to get the vaccine if any of these things are approved. So i asked him, which one, which he pick, which one would he choose . Im tempted to do that 95 percent one efficacy, which one would you pick . If you had a choice . Like i said, its no complicated. Depends on availability or should it be me that goes 1st, itll be other people, but be that receive the vaccine for us. So were sure would i take that step that was to keep her because she i could go is very confident about this. Yes, lets, lets look at her for the hard question again. Which one i would take any one of them because i, like i said, theyre all thin so far and safety concerns are not there and efficacy is pretty great for them. And 9594. 590 percent, these numbers might change as we test more and more people, but theyre going to hover around that range. So i dont think there is intrinsically anything that different about the efficacy of these 3 x. Means. Let me go to it for him. If we have missed it, but he has 2 questions for you, so well go straight to him and be great team if he could answer his questions, he would get i missed all those things from getting in the business with plenty of physical problems over the ocean of agricultural interest greenbergs entails, but a lot of the rivers he has one of these of us is there. The organization here is rather easier to do just lets go with that 2nd point 1st. Are there any african or developing countries who are nightly to get the vaccine 1st . Critically you pick that one . Well, i do think we are going to see more equitable distribution once. And some of these candidates become available in a more formal way. Every game is exactly right in that we have a core history around the world of ensuring equity in the way that we develop, evaluate, and then make available different innovations around the world. I think there have been attempts and new forms of art or ships related to coba, but also in ensuring that the way that the trials have been conducted include the diverse populations. And im hopeful though, i think it may be a bit of time before all countries get access to this vaccine when its available that at least will start to see some distribution early on. And hopefully early in 2021 is when we start to see distribution, not just in high income countries, but also in low and middle income countries. And in the 2nd question, how to keep them going to get in this one. If you take the vaccine does not mean that you cant get coverage 19. So how the facts scenes are evaluated is such that they are looking for people who are either in a placebo versus the vaccine arm in getting symptomatic infection. So symptom symptomatic, plus the virus positive where the, whether you will be completely protected from ever getting infected or not, is not what theyre looking for. And so its possible that even the vaccinated you could get infection, but that does not lead to symptoms or severe disease. So all to many what we want to do is to protect as many people as possible from getting sick from this infection. And thats the goal of these facts, things. Thank you for answering the questions. It was like as a spin around of questions, really appreciate that. Weve learned a lot and speaking of learning a lot, i want to remind you. I was lucky on my laptop, the 2 occasions that we asked dr. Ahmed twats to be on asho. The 1st time was coronavirus. How can we protect our Health Care Heroes . , that was in march, you know, every was banging their pots and pans in the u. K. , and then the 2nd time was in may when we were just really worried about how are you doing, how are you managing . Because the cases for corona virus had not necessarily dropped around the world, what have we learned on it in all of these months since then when you were on the front lines as one paycheck that you can actually see your mask, the marks of a mask on your face while you were doing this stream, what would you say is the most important lesson that weve learned, or youve learned, or your colleagues have learned in the past 8 months or so . I think in terms of the actual disease, weve been able to learn how to pick up the symptoms quite quite quickly. Whereas before, people come in with like the difficulty in breathing when really sure whats going on. But now we can just pick up without having to wait for the actual code that result to come back. You can kind of see the pattern thats developed to be like, yep, that ones code. That one isnt. And then i think for us, whats really important is to know when to start treatment and its always start treatment early. Thats it. With other diseases. Sometimes you kind of like, you know, you can wait it out a bit more. But with code, it is always start treatment early, and we also know the complications and for us to know how to make it stop the spread, thats probably, i think, i guess is that towards actually improving how we deal with this pandemic. If were able to stop the spread, less people are infected, whether thats preventative medicine through vaccines, by the moment this moment time, we dont have the bison to use that. We have to look at other ways to stop the spread. And now were seeing maybe 2nd, perhaps 3rd wells, and anguish the Northern Hemisphere going into winter terms. It seems like the cases what advice would you give us as a Global Community knowing what you know about dealing with because it 19 what is the same as what we were weve been saying for the past year. I guess its that this disease is real. Its affecting people, so you need to try to prevent as much as you can if you need to go out where the facemask like, where there is no reason feature, not with a face mask. There dont change your studies or sure it doesnt actually cause suffocation. You can wear and breathe normally. So if its things like that and you know, if you dont have to go out, dont go out like you dont need to my precious office or risk contaminated others. But thats, i guess for us is the best way to understand and if you have symptoms stay at home like it did dont risk. It might just be the cold might just be the flu. It might be nothing that you have an aco that but why risk it is their home and protect those around you . I want to see them bring well more person into our conversation. This is clear and clear points out. The fact that weve been talking about vaccines for a big chunk of this show doesnt mean that curve at 19 will disappear. Yes. Although over the past 2 resources, some excellent news about more than one vaccines being over 90 percent effective against sars kovi to this is not sufficient to halt the spread of the disease immediately backs in asia can only move at the same pace as manufacturing. They were simply dont have enough capacity to produce doses for the entire Adult Population within 2021. We also do not know if the vaccine is effective at stopping the transmission of the disease. Finally, immunity is built over the course of about 6 weeks from the 1st arose of the vaccine. This means that it does not matter so much when the 1st person is vaccinated by rather when the last person is vaccinated and has been unity until then will have to have some control measures in place. When christian has such a good point, you pointed out how many billions of doses and already been purchased of various vaccines. But in terms of human behavior, what difference will these vaccines make in the next 6 months or so . What would 2021 begin to look like . Yes, i think clear was exactly right and id say 2021 will be better than 2020, but thats a pretty low bar. We will not return to normal in the next year or 2 years. And youre right, vaccines are not going to be the Silver Bullet that gets us out of this pandemic in the next 6 to 12 months. Even if we produced hands of billions of the summit was saying what weve learned is how to be functional as a Society Without a vaccine. And countries like new zealand, like taiwan and others have shown us that it feasible to be close to normal. If you take appropriate uggla calc measures and weve also seen in parts of europe and the us that this can be a horrible disease that an individual and a population level. If we dont do those things. While im optimistic about that Scene Development over the coming years, im also very scared for what were going to go through over the coming winter. Ive just spent the last 2 weeks in the hospital every day taking care of patients. And as i meant that this is very real and we need to take it very seriously, and we cant become complacent just because there may be light at the end of the tunnel. I want to leave everybody just as a reminder, because you can create how to talking about sex scenes. But i want to leave you with some because 80 he is really to 2 on to sing or a couple of months spent. Hes got his thing on his young whole concrete image for those worst affected the road back to full health can be a long more use of vive to mom in an induced coma and 17 days on ventilation machines kept him alone live. As his body ceased to function inventors, lucy, quite a while. Just looking out, it was just to commit a complete if you was real decision to go to notice you today. Were not out of the woods yet, but thank you so much. And krishna and akiko, for getting us up to date, what we know, what should we expect from vaccines and all of the questions you cheap as excellent questions as always. And we will continue to do updates and bring you news about covered 19 in vaccines as we waste in here on the stream. But for now, im signing off from the home Edition Studio because of it 19. And i will see you next time. Thanks for watching everybody. A key figure of the early 20th century arab literary scene and a feminist writer had ever had time. So why did her story and in such tragedy, aljazeera wont expose the life and why of maisie arda on aljazeera. December on aljazeera, its 10 years since of revolution in tunisia ignited the arab spring. Aljazeera looks back at the uprising and asks what really changed across the middle east. This stream is where al jazeera has global audience becomes a Global Community. 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