President elect. Joe biden is to announce his 1st cabinet appointments. And he brings in a former Obama Administration official is expected to be secretary of state. So this promising news this monday in the search for a Coronavirus Vaccine astra zeneca has said that late stage testing of its covert 19 treatment shows it can be up to 90 percent effective without any serious side effects. The company has been developing the vaccine with oxford university. Importantly says it can be stored at frigid temperatures, making it easier to distribute the u. K. Health secretary, matt hancocks, is 100000000 doses are on order and it could start to be rolled out next month. John, how in london to talk us through that when it all sounds pretty good. Just one about the word and it can be up to 90 percent effective if you got more data. Yeah, its important that astra zeneca, the British Pharmaceutical Company that partnered with the university of oxford said this morning when they announced these results that there was a discrepancy between different possible dosing regimes. Producing results between the early sixtys percent range up to 90 percent said they in fact asked to have gone with an average efficacies rate of 70 percent, which is less, it has to be said than the pfizer and modernity. Vaccines vying for regulator approval in the United States. Nevertheless, a hugely important breakthrough this, according to astra zeneca, 1st of all, no serious side effects, as you said there. Secondly, importantly, all those people in the large scale trials that have been taking place in this country in brazil and south africa who do still contract the virus with this vaccine. They do so only with mild symptoms. So it seems to eliminate altogether serious instances of disease disease thats important. Its also shown to be far more practical. It seems than those other vaccines in the sense that it is much, much cheaper in terms of scaling up mass producing. Also, as you mentioned, it can be stored at fridge temperatures that lead to an 8 degrees celsius to keep it fresh, to keep it usable, as opposed to the far subzero temperatures down to 70 minus 70 percent. 70 degrees. Rather that the fires of vaccine needs to be sought out in developing parts of the world. Thats just impossible, in many of the hottest and poorest countries. So this vaccine, the pfizer, the astra zeneca vaccine, much more practical in terms of global distribution, particular to poor parts of the world. Theyre talking about producing up to 3000000000 doses in 2021 alone. With the 1st rollout of initial doses to the most vulnerable in this country. Possibly by the end of december. Thank you. John howell, leave you there because ive also got mohammed mania to talk to now for all of us, from Lancaster University in the u. K. , your initial thoughts 1st of all about how effective this could be. Bearing in mind what jonah said there about the average success rate. Yes, absolutely. Thank you very much for having me on the show. I think this is really important to understand because they used to defend those regime in phase 3 trial. And one of them was 90 percent effective. Another one was 60 percent effective and then they took the average of that as a 70 percent, which isnt really practical because you, you can only use one dosage of a game into the beijing, you know, into the, into the people. So i that it is 90 percent or 60 percent. If it is 90 percent, depending on the building, a game is incredible news. But if it is 60 percent, then it is not really that impressive because of course, with all of the possibilities of distribution, storage cost a lot of wanted use. But when it comes to safety and efficacy, it was intended to compare it. Ok, safety is something i do want to talk about. Part of me feels we should be really impressed with the fact that 3 companies now have managed to come up with something inside 10 months. But its also something that would usually take many more years to come up with. Does that raise safety concerns . It well is it does to some extent because as you said, that we have a normal procedure for any vaccine for approval. And the trial is on 15 years and now everything is free as 1000000 to one year. But under top of it, i think one of the concerns that i as a disservice should have is that im on it based maxines are not really something that has been tried in human on that scale before. So certainly this is a, i mean they do hold clearly has been launched for 2 months. So what were talking about the safety and efficacy is a bit in those 2 months. What happened beyond that is something is questionable, sort em out in the midst of axing because of new technology. But when it comes to us for that in the white house, these have been used in the field before. For example, just for the ball. A vaccine has been on today, i added a virus and i dont know why this is, have been used for many other diseases, including speak about us as whats so we have a crack back order of safety and efficacy of our own, the added alliances. So therefore i did, it is more crosswords, it will have something to take a knowledge of that has been tested before. Now, we were discussing amongst ourselves a little bit earlier here actually about how often you would need some sort of i mean a few, a flu jab, unsorry is often seen as a thing which you can get. Do you anticipate this is what the coronavirus or the covert 19 vaccine will be like as well . It . Yes, exactly. I mean, we dont really know exactly for a whole lot of the immunity were lost, but based on our experience, we have game sold for about persistence of the antibodies from the nature of the infected person is around 8 months to 9 months depending on hold. We look into from the beginning to date, to decline. We post here its, but actually the antibody response of that raised by the nature of infection is different than it is. It is by the vaccine. So when a vaccine entered into the body, there is a, for almost, i mean, for sponsors and the antibody teacher would be higher. The level of antibody would be higher than you get from the neutral source of infection. So i anticipate that at least this immunity induced by the vaccine will last at least 41 years, but certainly it would still be we, i want to share in moment because we know were headed next. You know, it is for all of us before. So having this show such a short time, it may be promising resurvey certainly very encouraging sign. Much of what we hear at the moment is not to be complacent. Yes, a vaccine is clearly coming, but obviously we still need to think about mosques, and we still need to keep up with our social distancing. Lets say we get to a point where a large proportion of people are vaccinated. Well, it still be wise then to still be thinking about masks and social distancing off to that. I mean, this is a 1000000 dollar question that nobody asked me before, but this is absolutely something we have to battle. And the thing is that all of the vaccines a lot in the front runner need to protect people from getting the severe form of the infection. For example, if somebody is that severe, dangerous, they might have severe, less severe consequences. But the thing that is important is that they will stop transmitting the infection. So this mean that the people who are vaccinated may have a less disease, but they still are shutting the virus. They are supporting the infection within the community. And to me or less at this moment, transmission has been the major problem than the protection because we have learned so much older disease. We know how to manage it. As you can sort example compare compared to the 1st debate. Now in the 2nd wave, we have 50 to 60 percent less mortality because we have managed thats the problem has been the virus in transmitting so much there for me that they impact has been very high. So until any vaccine data would block the transmission of the infection from one person to another person, we should not anticipate that this vaccine would be a minute magic bullet. And until we have to practice all the basic Public Health and simple spacing and avoiding him, dont play, says mohammed bin it, your information has been really, really valuable. And im also glad i could ask you a question. You hadnt been asked before. Many a from Lancaster University where i mean, thank you. Lets move on to other news. The israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu has made an unannounced visit to saudi arabia. To meet the crown Prince Mohammed bin salman, the head of Israeli Intelligence agency, mossad, and the u. S. Secretary state might. Pompei were also there was actually in israel just last week as well. It follows, a recent washington brokered normalization deals between israel and the u. A. E. , as well as more with kerry for said his reporting from ramallah in the occupied west bank today. Last time you and i spoke harry, it was the fact that this information and sort of leaked out but leaked out very quickly and now its becoming official. Oh yes, we dont have a perfectly official confirmation yet, but it, it is the kind of secret meeting that you have. If you dont really want to have a secret meeting, it seems the israelis, the saudis, and the u. S. Secretary of state all said to be in this future resort town of the arm on the, on the Saudi Arabian red sea coast late on sunday night. Now this 1st came to light from tracking of an airplane which has been leased by the Israeli Government for Benjamin Netanyahu. Zeus before it was seen making this route from tel aviv to staying there for about 5 hours. And then returning at a time when it was known that the pompei o. And the crown prince of saudi arabia, muhammad bin salman, were both there. Usually if there is a story that the Israeli Security establishment doesnt want to come out, there are Strong NationalSecurity Military censorship laws in israel, which gives you all sorts of strange wording in israeli media reporting about foreign sources, according to foreign reports and the like. There was none of that. This all came from domestic political israeli journalist. So theres obviously a real will to have this leak out and certainly no denial of it as far as the reaction coming from here. The palestinian leadership hasnt said anything on the record because again, theres been no official confirmation. But speaking to some senior officials, one of them said that if it were true, it would be heartbreaking. Another said that while they do point to the language used by the Saudi Foreign minister recently when he said there would be no normalization with israel before a palestinian state. He also said that there were no guarantees when the u. A. E. And israel signed their normalization deal. It was sort of again, confirmation of something we already knew was in it. Is that the same case with saudi arabia that actually there have been back channels for some time . Well, both yes and no, certainly we know that there have been all sorts of clandestine links that Benjamin Netanyahu has made it a key part of his more than 10 year administration. Now this time around to try to gain these sorts of alliances, especially with saudi arabia. And especially on the issue of iran, but the idea that an israeli Prime Minister would go to south to saudi arabia and have talks and do very little to try to conceal. That fact is certainly something thats very different and very deliberate, both on his part and indeed on the saudi and American Parts as well. Because presumably, all parties would have known that this would come out in due course. So it does suggest that there are continuing efforts by the trumpet, ministration, even in this last week to try to cement and make progress on the normalization situation that it has tried to promote in the region potentially also trying to box in a future by demonstration on such an issue as iran, and it could well have domestic political consequences as well. Netanyahu social media adviser tweeted out that benny gantz, the coalition partner, and erstwhile rival was playing politics while netanyahu was making peace. That was a reference to some ructions in the Coalition Government at the moment. The fact that didnt even inform his Coalition Partners about this beforehand again suggests that that coalition is heading towards dissolution pretty quickly. It seems and we may well have another round of elections on the cards. Harry forsett with all that news reporting from ramallah today. Thank you howard. I think a political analyst is now in the shower and he said, this really is all about the legacy of the trumpet ministration in its final weeks. Certainly its part of the race with time. I think everyone understands despite his trenches and its the Top Administration will come to an end january 20th. And i think the Top Administration is trying to cement its whatever legacy hes leaving behind in the middle east, especially in terms of the socalled deal of the century. That basically underlines the potential normalize issues between arab states and israel. Now, despite all the hoopla about bahrain or the u. A. E. , normalizing relations with israel, everyone understands that without saudi. This is all just an air hot air in the end of the day without riyadh coming into the fold. This will be iran where this will remain shaky and weak and i think its important for sticker to bumper you on the Top Administration to bring in that then the arrow and the comprehension order to see if there are ways by which to convince that that ambitious crown prince, that it is in the best interest of saudi arabia to normalize relations with israel. d before january 20th, in the news ahead, he was known as the bling bling president. But now Nicolas Sarkozy is facing corruption charges in court. And warnings of an environmental disaster look at the Impact Real Estate project could have on pakistans mandarins. However, once again, the weather doesnt say bad for china over the next couple of days. We have got some wet weather just pulling away from japan. No, there are some active weather systems, just easing over towards the eastern side of the country. But some places the snow up towards chicago for a time, but clear weather fresh weather coming back in as we go on through choose day celsius in seoul, some of the temperatures there for beijing central parts of china has been recently. But we will see somewhat of weather, just coming through as we go on into where the stay cold just sinks a little further south, which in the rain starts to push its way into the southern half of china. Still wanted to show as close to that eastern side of japan, not too bad. 14 celsius in tokyo then. Well for india, a very different story here. Some really wet weather down towards the southeastern corner, helping tropical system coming through here. That will feed some really nasty weather into tom will not be into southern parts of under protest as well as we go on into wednesday. Winds picking up some very, very heavy rain. It is likely to cause some flooding in the process. Further north, it is generated dry and fine westleys making their way in across northern parts of pakistan into the north of india. Hopefully here it will clear the air frank assessments, if American Public opinion is betrayed by social media platforms after november. What would be good . Because cautious and if you believe that there horowitz into our democracy, one obvious solution is to read from an informed opinion. Look at checkers, dont go anywhere. The protesters arent going anywhere, either. Its ability to get revolution. Indepth analysis of the days global headlines. Who is it thats really out there on the street inside story on aljazeera. With aljazeera. These are the top stories, astra zeneca and oxford university, say the late stage testing of their code 19 back scene shows it is up to 90 percent effective. The company says it can also be stored at frigid temperatures, making it easier to distribute. The israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu has made and unannounced visit to saudi arabia to meet crown Prince Mohammed bin salman, head of Israeli Intelligence agency, mossad. And the us sectors take might compare, were also things the leader of ethiopia has to grow. The region has dismissed a 72 hour deadline to surrender issued by the ethiopian government. This is according to reuters, which quotes the brits saying to people are ready to die, to defend the region. Prime minister hatoyama told it to Peoples Liberation front to lay down arms by wednesday or face a final assault on the city of mackellar. Local media is reporting the forces of in fact destroyed an airport in the town of oxen to slow the governments advance, malcolm web following developments for us from nairobi in neighboring kenya. Theyve refuted that demand for them to lay down arms. This certainly no sign of that and neither side have been talking to each other for months now. And that was part of the issues that led up to this conflict. The complete breakdown in the breakdown in communication, the total refusal of both sides to recognize the others legitimacy. Now for the 300000. 00 people that live in the town of me, kelly, if theres to be heavy fighting or a battle there, itll certainly be quite dangerous for them. Now the federal troops have insisted that theyre only targeting to gray and leadership in the to grain military and aligned militia, but certainly hundreds, possibly thousands of people have been killed in this conflict so far in fighting international rights. And certainly the movement of people show that people, disability living in the area certainly dont feel safe about 40000, people refugees have already crossed to neighboring to don prodemocracy activists. Joshua wang has pleaded guilty to Unlawful Assembly during last years protests. He was joined in court by 2 activists. And so the 3 of them will in fact, be held in custody until sentencing. Next week, they could face 5 years in jail. Last years protests outside hong kongs Police Headquarters were triggered by the introduction of a controversial extradition bill. Moved to the part of following events in hong kong. The prosecution spent most of the days proceedings, presenting evidence mostly in the form of video footage, showing the events of the night of june 21st 2019. It shows thousands of people who had surrounded the police station, blockading the Police Headquarters for the footage, mainly focused on joshua warren, ivan lamb, and i can this child chanting slogans and calling on the Police Commissioner to come out and face the public. They all have pleaded guilty and could face up to 5 years in jail. Perhaps a foretaste wish me to stay in prison. But i would 1st say that neither person boss, no election bears, nor any other arbitrary power to stop us from activists. And this would be the 4th time joshua long is being sent to jail. His 1st prison sentences back in 2017. He was just a teenager then. But it was also for protest related offenses. Back then he was seen as one of hong kongs 1st Political Prisoners and it sends shock waves across the city. But this is a very different hong kong now, especially in the past few months where the arrests and detentions of political and democracy activists have become a frequent occurrence. Under the continuing crackdown against the city is, this is this generation of you go from protests to prison, to safeguard liberty for the place that we are born. All of them have made silas, but we got less 2nd, feis, this is just the latest in a growing number of activists being taken to court for relatively minor offenses. Timing from last years protests since 2091 than 10000, people have been arrested with the least 2000 of the charge for protest related activities. So were starting to get an idea of just who will take the top positions in a joe biden administration. The president elect is expected to announce Anthony Blinken as the new u. S. Secretary of state long served as a Foreign Policy advisor to biden follows recent washington brokered normalization deals between israeli u. A. E. In bahrain reports. The district sullivan is being lined up to take on the role of National Security adviser sullivan has served as a longtime adviser to joe biden, and former u. S. Democratic president ial nominee hillary clinton. Lets hear from joseph euro now is an associate professor of Political Science at texas a and m. University. He explains the kind of direction biden appears to be heading in. I think the names being floated for secretary of state, National Security, advisor and u. N. Ambassador seem to be a return to the sort of long standing principles of american Foreign Policy that president s, republicans and democrats, had practiced solid before the trumpet, ministration. Chart leader a changed course. I think this will reemphasize and recommit the United States to its actions, which are major alliances, it with partners in western europe and throughout the world. And also clinton, in particular, seems to be of the same mind of president obama president elect biden. As he is me about the 1st important 1st steps administration will take about reentering the paris climate accords. Perhaps reengaging with iran and trying to undo some of the major changes that the trumpet ministration brought the Progressive Agenda in the United States and certainly through the election was largely focused on domestic politics. Im sure biden and his team are acutely aware of the need to preserve the democratic partys like toral coalition to offer key cabinet positions to progressive allies. I would imagine that they are i very strongly people like Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren for positions like secretary of the treasury and secretary of labor. And i suspect theyll use those more inward looking cabinet positions that to balance the coalition. But certainly on these outward looking positions related to National Security and Foreign Policy. These are various stablish, mint choices, very centrist choices, and very much choices that align with with joe bidens, personal politics over the last 3 decades that he served in public life. Former french president Nicolas Sarkozy is due to go on trial in paris on corruption charges. He is accused of attempting to bribe a judge in a trial set to last until the 10th of december. But we are expecting Nicolas Sarkozy to appear in court in less than 2 hours time. It is possible, though, the proceedings may be delayed, almost as soon as they become because it is be reported that one of the key witnesses is suffering from kobe. And so well have to see either way, this is going to be a very closely watched trial. Indeed, Nicolas Sarkozy, of course, a former french president and someone still very much in the public eye here in france see has very widespread support. Amongst many people in the conservative party, his political party, he tried to run in the last president ial campaign. Hes also somebody that of course, made something of a break with tradition when he became president in 2007 with his energetic style he was often filmed jogging, with a baseball cap. Many people used to call him sarkozy the american muscle cars. He was also a former French Interior minister and in his 1st years as president and from a reputation as somebody being very hardline when it comes to crime, the northern border president. But here he suddenly finds himself on the other side, facing allegations of corruption at this tribunal in paris. Well, south korea is introducing new coronavirus restrictions to try to stem the 3rd way. As winter begins, steady infections of top 300 for much of the last week, and officials fear that could rise further or bright as a reporter from seoul. On south koreas 5, tier scale for social distancing restrictions are being raised to level 2 for the sole metropolitan area which is home to around half the countrys population. The spike in new cases has officials here worried youre in a cocktail. If we do not stop this change, the number of patients will rise as if a dam had broken. The new measures will mean cafes can only serve takeout in restaurant dining will end earlier each evening while theyll be tighter restrictions on class sizes in schools and numbers of spectators at sporting events, night clubs will also be closed. The last time nightclubs were closed was in the 2nd wave that happened during the summer, the 1st way within the southeastern city of daegu, at the start of the outbreak here in february. But what worries officials about this wave is how widespread it is. Absolute preemptive testing in isolating were effective for the previous 2 waves as they happen around main clusters. In contrast, this time there are various sources of infection. Its led to the government calling for a redoubling of efforts. This coordinated drone show pushing the message that the virus can be overcome by people working together as they have for so many months with the promise of a vaccine on the other side of a difficult winter rabbit bride aljazeera sole in indonesia, more than half a 1000000 people have been infected with the coronavirus study cases now passing 4000. 00. Earlier this month, president announced mass vaccinations will be rolled out by the end of the year. Indonesia has the regions highest number of cases and its to pakistan. Now where environmentalists are warning a plan from the government to develop 2 islands in the arabian sea could create an environmental disaster the islands, nicaragua, you know and for the mangrove forests which provide natural cover from storms and pollution. Priyanka gupta has more they are known as karachi screen lungs. But these mangrove forests on the shores of one of the most polluted cities on earth, washington fast. And now environmentalists say they will also try to end by a 50000000000. 00 Housing Project plant by the government. I think if youre going to do Land Reclamation here and phyllis with sand and mine that its nothing short of. Thats the mangrove forests that form a protective barrier. Its the mangroves that protect us from the storms and cyclists. And the ecosystem is essential for the livelihood of the fishermen. From illegal logging and pollution have already damaged the smog rules and their diverse ecosystem. Tens of thousands of people depend on them for commercial fishing. They see they no risk losing everything. Allotments on the look of the sea will be spoiled. There will be a lot of pollution at the construction of the city. Hundreds of thousands of our fishermen will become unemployed. Prime minister imran khans government says the project to create thousands of jobs and ease pressure on karachi, a city of 20000000 people. But it has put promise to iran, consequent at old speed provincial leaders. Government believe that yes, development has to be there. But the development not at the cost of your property market, the cost of your people are not going to cost of your environment. Monsoon floods this year have caused damage in many areas of karachi and environment. See if the natural protection offered by the islands is all too real. Did. The city could face an environmental disaster crackled, go to 0. 00 m. Top of the hour on aljazeera. These are the headlines, astra zeneca and also the University Say the late stage testing of their code 19 back scene shows. It can be up to 90 percent effective. With no serious side effects. The company says it can be stored at fridge, temperature as well, making it easier to distribute straight ahead