A patriotism resolution, allowing the removal of lawmakers who challenge beijings, wholl give a palin has more from hong kong. Pompoms. Chief executive had said that she had already sought our approach to beijing to make a decision on these 4 after they were disbarred from Legislative Council elections. Earlier this year in september those elections were postponed, but the foreign main sitting lawmakers and so a decision needed to be made whether they were allowed to sit in hong kongs Legislative Council until the next set of full actions. Now the n. P. C. Standing committee, the highest position, big making body in china, has decided that they are not allowed until some paragon comes government to completely bike our past the legal system. When it comes to this parring law makers from hong kong, the military operation in northern ethiopia is threatening to spill over the countrys borders. Several 1000 people have fled. The region since by minister made ordered the offensive last week. Protestors in armenia are voicing their anger over a deal to end fighting with my john over the disputed region of the box. They are opposed to the agreement which sees the land handed over to azerbaijan. Police have detained around 20 people at a protest in protesters are demanding the prime minister. Resign in saudi arabia. At least 4 people have been injured after a blast at a non muslim cemetery. The explosion happened in the city of jeddah. There are reports that it happened during a Remembrance Day ceremony for british and french expatriates. Have more details on this breaking news story when it becomes available. Theres always more news on our web site, of course aljazeera dot com, coming up next inside story. A new hope for a coded 19 vaccine u. S. Firm, pfizer says its candidate has proven 90 percent effective and could be rolled out by the end of the year. But is this realistic and how do we ensure everyone has equal access . This is inside story. Hello and welcome to the program. Its being hailed as a great day for science and humanity. U. S. Drug giant pfizer says its covert 1000. 00 vaccine candidate worked on more than 90 percent of people during a mass clinical trial. The company, along with germanys bio on tech, wants to get emergency approval soon, so people can get the vaccination from december. Its raising hopes of an end to a pandemic thats killed more than a 1000000 people and destroyed economies around the world. But scientists are urging caution. Well bring in our guests in a moment 1st, this report from Charley Angela 1300000000. 00 doses by the end of the year. Thats the claim from drug makers, pfizer and biotech. After announcing their vaccine is more than 90 percent effective. Theirs is the 1st successful data from a large scale clinical trial. And widespread vaccinations could roll out by the end of december following an application for an emergency use approval from regulators within weeks. German company, biotech admit theyre still waiting on more results to further prove its safety. Its true that this type of medication has no approval yet, which is why were carrying out this compatibility study with more than 40000. 00 test persons to find out if there is any intolerance. Even a rare one. What we can prove with this study is that the vaccine is compatible and that side effects are mild to moderate, and that there are no severe side effects. The news of the vaccine sent Global Stock Markets soaring. Scientists welcome the news of the 90 percent effectiveness, much higher than been expected, but also raised questions. We have to know who received a vaccine in this 1st trial and evaluate if this sometimes tick results could be extended also to add the populations which are matched more than in needs for max in the they mean all the people people with who are at risk of severe infections and probably were not included in the 1st trial. You know, as the World Health Organizations, Decision Making body met in a largely Virtual Conference questions were already being raised about how any vaccine would be distributed, especially to developing countries. The world has come together as never before to use release lifesaving to resign or devil or fraud. And im not going to be fairly, as lot with not private communities that people are. Why and what reasons im pete left behind. 1200000 people have now died of the virus, and more than 50000000, people have quoted 10000000 of them in the u. S. But the pandemic shows no signs of abating with hungry a political, the latest countries in europe to reimpose strict measures. The assembly did have one reason to celebrate the victory of joe biden means the u. S. Will be reestablishing its relationship with the w. H. O. Of the trouble. For many began withdrawing. The funding, the u. S. Brings, is key as the organization revealed, although the worlds expectations of the w. H. O. Have going to magically the budget. Hasnt charlie and pfizers is one of a dozen vaccines in the final stages of testing. In august, russia approved the 1st vaccine called sputnik v before large scale safety trials even began. U. S. Biotech firm moderna says its on track to produce 500000000 doses of its an occupation annually from next year. British firm, astra zeneca and Oxford University have resumed testing their candidate, after a participant fell seriously ill in september. And in brazil, the government has halted a trial of trying to sign. Nowak vaccine after what the Health Regulator called a severe adverse event. All right, lets bring in our guests in washington, d. C. , oscar allen, epidemiologist and chief of programs and services for the National Association of county and City Health Officials in the u. S. In new york. Again. Gandhi, who coordinates work at the u. N. Childrens Agency Unicef to roll out a potential covert 1000 vaccine. And in ann arbor michigan out to him vaccine, all a just and Vice President of Vaccine Research and development at blue willow biology biology. Welcome to all of you ali. Let me start with you this data that pfizer released. This was not in a Peer Reviewed medical journal. So this is not yet conclusive evidence that the vaccine is safe and effective. Is it . No, its an interim analysis and demand others of gives us such a great outcome. Its really interesting that exceeded all expectations and still we are waiting for the final results which will be idolised after receiving the rest of the data. Of course, this is a great day and a great results, and it does not need to be beauty viewed because i announce it because what we have there is the, an independent d. S. M. Be looked at the data, the kompany, nothing anybody else, but then independent organization or team, its called the s. M. B. That looks at these things and they should seen these great outcomes. And they announce it they have to go through the f. D. A. In order to be able to define exactly more details on the, in addition to the excellent data, its sort of proof of concept the messenger r. N. A. To can all or she is precious time in men. And gives a 90 percent difficulty. Thats a great arm because we have much idea about which is also a miss in general on a. So thats a proof of concept and we should expect that one didnt. I would be equally order are close to a c. That to us sean with a vaccine from beyond tick and phase so that all these things all together gives us a great hope for seeing the light at the end of the tunnel to see that we are going in the right direction and we will have a vaccine. Of course, there are a civil op in the questions and i believe we can talk about that later on. That still need to be answered before we decide on say that we have a vaccine and we are really getting in. Speak, oscar, you heard ali was saying there. He said that this was a great outcome thus far. There are still a lot of questions. Of course, this announcement obviously had reverberated around the world, but there is still a lot that we dont know. So i want to ask you, is it too early to celebrate and what are exactly the guidelines for rolling out a vaccine . Thank you very much. You know, its very interesting because were still in the throes of identifying what the distribution allocation and even specifically what those plans are. So within the last month or so, the states had a rapid us states. Let me rephrase. I had a rapid timeline where they had to create an disseminate plans for how if they were given an early allocation or any allocation of vaccines, what steps they would take to ensure they get distributed to the communities and to the people that they serve. So specifically with that tell us you have a much varied approach across different geographies and recognizing the logistics thats going to be necessary. In addition to concerns around betsy nazanin sea. And in general, targeted population to ensure that you have enough vaccine, whether its early dissemination or later dissemination provided in that shared approach. Very similar to what we saw in h one n one. So theres going to be a lot of logistics, a lot of apprehension, but also a lot of hope and thats in regard to hopefully we can turn a corner perspective, this particular vaccine and the endemic as a whole. Oscar, you brought up a key word there. Logistics, which is something i was going to ask again about. So let me turn to now because this issue of logistics obviously is of paramount importance. Its going to be very difficult to ensure that a covert 1000. 00 vaccine can be delivered throughout the world. I know unicef has already started laying the ground work on this. Unicef is very experienced as far as trying to set up logistics for the delivery of vaccines around the world. Tell us about your efforts thus far. Certainly. Yeah, and theres a lot of parallels actually to what a skit was saying. So i think for us, you know, were, were looking to serve the needs globally. And so a lot of the work that weve been doing right now has been to assess the capacity, particularly of coaching in countries around the world, particularly, and middle Income Countries. Also looking more generally across the programs themselves. All of the issues that will come into play, whether thats at the scene, communications, social mobilization, programming, and training of health care workers. And so, so a lot of the work right now is to, is really an assessment that countries that leading themselves country governments are leaving themselves using a checklist tool that cho and unicef have developed. And it working through with those countries, stakeholders. And of course, one of the key issues within that is of course, im ensuring that there is the cold chain capacity that preaches the phrases that will be necessary to roll out. These vaccines will a vaccine that prevents covert 19 be enough to stop the spread of the virus. Thats a great question because what we know from viral infections is that the injectable vaccines, although kind of prevent disease in many cases, they would not prevent colonize ation and spread it. Indeed, if they do it, do it for any short period of time. And the, because we lack what we call in your causally immunity, with the injectable vaccines. We believe that dick, in this case, the virus can just still be around and it knows of people even vaccinated. As would be interesting to look at asymptomatic cases in defect. Seen studies that was tell us exactly how long theyve been. 3 hour long, good day virus can just stay there and spread it. So basically what we need to really is looking at the colonize ation. And thats symptomatic carriers who received the vaccine. If thats the case, then we need to start looking at sinking about in new striped issues that can approach a 2nd generation vaccine, which would tackle this problem. Full of color lies ation and to spread. Because in that case, if it didnt make and to make, you would never get to 100 percent, immunization and vaccination. And therefore, you would need to, to find a way to prevent colon eyes ation and this, right, which we call the head of the immunity. And this case that well be using the viral load into a community and therefore we could control it didnt extend and then ix oscar. Id like to talk for a moment about how this particular vaccine is going to work. Because my understanding is usually when one gets vaccinated, youre given either a weekend or a dead part of the virus. But the way that this virus works, its called him, are in a what specifically does that mean . How is this different . So the particular target of this, because this vaccine, as was stated, might be underway and r. N. A. , it focuses on what is called a spike protein, which on the surface of the usent very, very, i would say significant general terms. You know, the surface of the big virus, there is a spike protein that allows you to target that level of what we call an immune response. So by utilized in this, this, this target of the spike protein to generate this, you know, logical response. You are not necessarily, we need to create what we call a live attenuated box, where you actually use an, you know, specific live virus or 2 or a or disabled like virus that you say to predict to prevent that kind of response. So the m. R. In a style of the vaccination is our colleagues mentioned earlier. Its a totally new concept for implementation into human population. And it provides some great strategies on the flip side. The concern, of course, are the medical countermeasures that are going to be necessary. Most jurisdictions are not going to have ultra cold Storage Facilities for this type of virus or decide to vaccine, i should say. And also theres going to be from what we understand the need for to Dose Administration a. So, and in vigils that have to really understand that to get the vaccine, youre not going to be immediately, you know, protected, and you will be quietly fucking those ministrations. So there are a lot of devils in the details, but thats to the extent of being tried general and description of the m. R. In a process. Again, if i could ask you to expand a little bit on what you were talking about a few moments ago, because when it comes to the Distribution Logistics here, i mean, you mentioned in your earlier answer, this cold chain thats going to have to exist because it has to be this vaccine is going to have to be kept in cold temperatures. How much more of a challenge does that pose for the distribution of this vaccine . And does this mean that governments are going to have to play a key role in distribution . Yeah, thanks so you know, since working with them is the World Health Organization and the vaccine alliance. And the coalition for epidemic prepared this innovation seppi as part of global Vaccine Access facility known as kovacs. And that facility overall is looking, of course, trying to build a portfolio of vaccines that may be successful, maybe safe, affective and license and ultimately recommended for use throughout the world. And so with that portfolio comes a diversity of needs and in the systems that were looking at how systems that were looking at across the low and particular middle Income Countries. And. And what we want out teams that doing, we have, we have teams of logic stations from the, from the World Health Organization and unicef that are right now really doing sess months of the coaching capacity, particularly in the middle Income Countries and looking at building on what weve already been really putting in place over recent years with the support of the w. H. O. And unicef have been putting in place around 40000. 00 fridge is really that a useful for vaccines that would norm, that kind of reflect the, the normal storage temperatures of most vaccines that we work with so thats 2. 00 to 8. 00 degree celsius. And those, those facilities, those fridges that are already in place, will, will serve as a, if you like it as the foundation of many of the just ticks requirements for many of the products that we see in the pipeline right now. Unicefs assessment of the market that we conducted earlier this year with them. Pits from, from, from many vaccine manufacturers. Gave us a sense that the vast majority of the products in the pipeline, the menu pressures develop as a targeting a 2 to 8 degree celsius requirement. So, so certainly that, that foundation is in place, it will be, be leveraged as best possible. Of course, there are, there are other vaccines such as they or polio vaccine that require slightly more stringent temperature requirements, which is minus, minus 20 degrees celsius and. And again, because of the almost ubiquitous use of all polio and in the developing world, there is, there is already a degree of capacity for back scenes that might require those kinds of temperatures. And then of course, anything more stringent that theres much more limited use in the developing world. Certainly the trials of the, some of the a bowl of vaccines that been conducted predominantly in west africa have led to some amount of coaching capacity, even more stringent temperatures. But certainly, that is not, not as widespread as if you like the other, the other types of fridges and freezers that i referred to earlier. So i think we need to spend and investment, depending on where vaccines are ultimately recommended for use. And to ensure that the systems you know, have the capacity to absorb alie, i want to take a step back because for those who are unfamiliar with some of the scientific terminology, all of this can be a little bit confusing. So i want to focus on 2 particular things. There is vaccine efficacy, and there is vaccine effectiveness. And these are slightly different terms when it comes to describing how effective vaccine can be. Could you explain this difference to our viewers and how it applies to the vaccine . Well, fx inefficacy is the ability of the vaccine to prevent disease in a controlled study. And effectiveness. Would you look at the general effectiveness of the vaccine and community and its impact, and therefore, you know, you have to show a ficus, seeing it controlled study not look to, to a license to vaccine and for the f. D. A. To evaluate the difficulty of the vaccine. So therefore, you know, these are related to or not to you very much different. So therefore, difficult to see is that really what we are looking at in these ongoing Clinical Trials right now . And also a measure of saying that we are really following is the safety as a, as a mentioned in the beginning, its a fierce time in men. And therefore, we would like to look at the safety and in the ongoing studies, the maximum safety that we are getting is in that median is 2 months. And 2 once by all means is, is a short kind of date. And we would like, we will probably wait for a long term safety later on what by monitoring these people going forward. So theyre on a short tail, and theyre not in a pandemic context. You cannot wait for a year to come to collect all of that. And therefore they have the feel comfortable that any impact on the safety of the vaccine. 2 months. Median follow up is, is good enough to give us an indication what to expect. But there, but still we would like to know more about dont do safety of the vaccine oscar, you heard ali there talking about safety. And i want to ask you about the challenges that lie ahead in educating the public into accepting that a vaccine this vaccine. Another vaccine that a vaccine is safe. That brings us to the 3rd definition, which is that a Vaccine Hesitancy. And a Vaccine Hesitancy essentially speaks to the fact that individuals communities excedrin have been hesitant to take in a vaccine for varied amounts of consent. And at this present moment in the united states, one of the concerns is spend bieber pity. How quickly does vaccine has been developed . You know, has it been processed through a system that really ensures that it is not acacias and effective . And what harm can be put on the population being exposed to a vaccine that they may not feel unspent necessarily gone through that particular premise or the other piece has been the unfortunate impact we travel over the course of time with respect to deniers and antivaccination. So theres a general antiscience trend which has unfortunately played a role in why not only see the exciting to cern, the fairs, but also beaten into this . Well theres, theres an activity thats being underlying the cause for why that seems to be a push. And then you also have the 3rd component that of those marginalized, communities. And especially speaking here in the u. S. , where we have meetings of color, indigenous populations, brown, black, latino, you name it, who are specifically at a greater risk. And are seen a much harder in touch for this virus and be pandemic. But how, who also had a years and decades of concern around systemic racism and other issues that, that structurally address theyre believed to have based, and the Public Health system or the health care sector. And then the 4th element is that this entire response has actually been laden with what we have seen to be any roshon and a confidence in the Public Health for the scientific community. So when you add all those together, maxine hesitancy gets that big. And it really requires us to have a much significant approach to address and community engagement, education, and ensuring that the information individuals are getting are coming from reliable sources. And they can help bolster their competence. Take it back when they become available. Again, we only have a couple minutes left. Let me ask you if these results that weve heard so far about the vaccine. If they hold up, how would they compared to highly effective childhood vaccines like vaccines for measles . Certainly, i think these, these results are in that ballpark. I wont comment on the, on the efficacy overall, i think, you know, but, but it certainly encouraging overall. And i think it gives confidence more generally that the portfolio of vaccines that the kovacs facility and other entities are trying to build is, is, is moving in the right direction. We obviously want am a risk based approach that enables us to, to it, to ensure that the largest number of shots on goal, if you like to have, you know, ultimately more than one vaccine available. Kovacs facility itself is looking to get to belly and says by the end of next year. And of course, that calm people down thats unlikely to be done just by, by one vaccine candidate or one manufacturer. So, so certainly encouraging results. One step along along the pathway in the right direction, i would add, you know, that many of the things that are mentioned for the u. S. , a very relevant of course, in the developing world. And unicef is them, is also very heavily engaged in social listening, trying to understand the sources and that the types of messages that, that were hearing on the ground in a low and middle Income Countries, many of which are seeded by by anti back seen movements elsewhere in the world, particularly higher Income Countries and trying to design our strategies to roll out any of these, these vaccines as, as, and when they prove insect safe, efficacious, licensed and obviously recommended for use. So that we have the strategies in place both to address hesitancy. And of course, the systems in place to absorb the necessary equipment climates to come with these vaccines, but its a, its certainly encouraging, but we still have a way to go. All right, weve run out of time, so were going to have to leave the conversation there. Thanks so much to all our guests. Oscar alan gandy and allie fun to him. And thank you too for watching. 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More than a dozen hong kong lawmakers who have resigned in solidarity after the territories government disqualified for opposition. Politicians. Chinas legislators legislatures