To as many as possible see you too you can join the stream. Welcome to our guest today we have david and we have rock or a we have beat us to get quickly if you can each introduce yourselves to everyone lets start with david. I am a listener and good morning to all of our viewers and my names david harris i must say geographically. I study. And endangered languages and i work with last speak. To the world to help them change their language just david you broke up there so im going to let the viewers know that you are affiliated with national geographic. Now bijan sig a quick introduce yourself to everyone. How. Their grand is in a cause that probably current will divide. Them. Under one minor its the us again. I am from minneapolis minnesota and my clan is there and i work every go to Learning Center which is an Immersion School located in the south with the atlas rocker a tell us about yourself. But theyre not kowtowing among the n. R. O. Or tell me on the cant quit the my name is Ricky Holland i come from qatar in a key which is one of the province provinces in new zealand out there or most of my work in and if it has been Community Based really are without language revitalisation effects and is very much where i would now. Its very interesting with these languages that are being threatened about one 3rd of all the languages out there have you or than 1000 speakers and its just a big challenge in this day and age to maintain the days and im curious where are some of the regions that you see around the world that are most vulnerable to losing languages. Listen. Ive been in study and with diversity. By weve noticed its not that evenly distributed so there are what you could call Language Arts which are areas in the world which have extreme diversity of languages and there are Global Forces that are pushing languages and exchange but fortunately there are also strong local force despite being to save my jewish and i really couple. My fellow get today be where they are with which warriors who are fighting to save their own what im getting so it is a dire situation globally as we see almost half of the worlds 7000. 00 languages threatened with extinction but of the signs that languages are being revitalized. I want to put everything in context here i pulled a Washington Post article its super interesting because of the graphics on it take a look it says nearly 2 thirds of people speak one of these 12 languages as their native language you see chinese arabic spanish the very do bengali english no surprises there and look at this next page or in the same article english is by far the most commonly studied Foreign Language in the world so if you have 2 people speaking to different endangered languages for example and they meet there most likely if they wanted to communicate most likely to have english as a shared language a to what extent i wonder is the fact that there are these main languages the fact that theyre pushing out the ability for people to practice language as it was smaller with a smaller population of people. Im curious about how racker a thinks about this in your work. So quite obviously having Global Languages associated with government and the economy i definitely has an impact on local languages but i suppose that i dont focus so much on the numbers of speakers for me its not about having a 1000000 speakers or 100000 speakers its more around the quality of the interaction that takes place the intergenerational transmission in a language can survive with a relatively small population has long as the quality of the transmission in the maintenance of that language is a part of the shared identity is strong so focusing on numbers sometimes is a is a huge distraction and we feel that because we dont have as many speakers they were not doing as well but i tend to focus on the quality of the interaction and generational transmission. Yes it is here yes do you agree with. You think its more about quality not quantity. I completely agree theres a lot of instances where we have see the scene language that lays starman for a long time but as long as we get quality language thats being you know maintains insecurity and like a Great Variety of resources that was documented you can definitely bring back language to thrive i do believe that as long as we have quality language that is being then i dont see any way that it couldnt survive. Im curious about what you think in terms of why this is happening and theres a lot being written about in terms of the fact that urbanization is a contributor to people losing languages you know their language that they speak in their village or in our area will area and they go into the big cities and they end up speaking whatever everyone else is speaking a city so theres urbanization there globalization theres also technology and technology can be both a good thing or a bad thing its bad that Google Translate determines which languages they want to include ray but its good because you have apps like dual lingo where people are learning languages the technology is something that im curious about in terms of how you guys think about it as a positive or a negative david i see you nodding so why dont you jump ben. Well taken ology. First say it can be a great platform to expand a language i have developed a platform called the talking dictionary which is the 1st presence on the internet for now nearly 200 endangered languages and these communities are using it to increase their presence i also want to comment briefly because you had a track to it on the bottom of the screens in the past the worlds languages have no written form that is presenting writing and. Writing. But most of the worlds languages are oral and we we in literate cultures we tend to think of if you dont have writing youre lacking something youre deficient somehow but oral cultures are amazing in astonishing in what they can do with their mind met. Details who speak in an written language and they can recites 10000 lines of an epic story they can do things that seem miraculous to those of us and so theres a significant trade off between our writing in a language other cultural things that you might lose thats not some one way progression that you should adopt already. And normally and what weve seen in the past is that there tends to be a view that a language without a script that is just oral is looked down upon unfortunately i want to bring in some of the comments that weve seen on you tube and jenny since america says that hebrew and hawaiian are examples of languages successfully brought back from extinction or the threat of extinction why did they succeed when so many other attempts to save indigenous languages fare so i mean lets hold on to that top thought and let me go to 2 tweets that have also been written presently im having the same challenge so i make sure my children learn to speak my mute a language which is in nigeria a very younger age at home that its not compulsory for them to speak new bay thats actually something that i personally also experience i was not allowed to speak english at home it was cantonese and Mandarin Chinese only here is some body else. For for forcing i thought about that some time back i think as a way to save them we direct the same energy and resources as the english language i mean dictionaries computer digitalization is the language with the aid of the people who are still in grasp of the language rather a and b. Jessica quick im very curious about. Your your your method of educating what do you think about what people have said about starting from the home and that that being a very important component to get quick. I think its really important i mean ideally your house your senate after last for your family at home where you realize and recognize that this is a place where its safe to speak your language and you dont have the outside impeding in on who you are and what your identity as we speak your language your heritage language i think its very important and i love that everybody has commented so far and i think theyre on the right path for everything theyve. Reactor a you think said to. A war absolutely i think we need to start raising our children in these languages so that a becomes a neutral and a normalized language in those communities but returning to the earlier comment having a written language or having a large corpus of the language is really important however at the same time sometimes when we focus so much on the written form we focus on the language as something separate from the communities themselves and so that something has happened with modeling which theres been so much emphasis on the language understanding grammar and structure in the building the corpus that in many ways weve left out one of the most important ingredients which other communities of speakers need to maintain the language and so we really really only come to terms with how we can reengage communities again with their language today here in this country. And i want to bring in another comment at this time were talking about communities here is a comment from you tube. Abdul fattah saying i personally believe that colonialism has a great role to play especially in africa and i hear rupert tribe in one theory i hardly understand some at media of words as a father how do i teach my children and that leads me to the Community Video submission that we have from grassy n. At a hes a professor of african language sticks from camera have a listen. The legacy of organizational on account with these is the adoption by the newly independent missions of the east of the fox must as weve just been used the policy patents and yes are. Those languages and only one would ease at the expense of the Mother Tongue. So theres a there are the absolutely right yes go ahead at the end and i love the examples from africa and youre the person who tweeted said they were from nigeria you know nigeria is part of a language hotspot that has the immense language diversity more than 500 languages and ive been speaking to a friend of mine whos a nigerian linguist hes a speaker of b. B. S. Which is a language with millions of speakers in the 1st piece of school. History type area. In the 4th through 6th grade it was entirely in english and they were discouraged from speaking the Mother Tongue and then as soon as he reached the 7th grade. They were not only discouraged they were punished by being beaten or being forced to perform hard labor if they were caught in their Mother Tongue so that the irony is that he still speaks both languages and he didnt need to give up if he be of it in order to earn. The right encourage with. Yes so institutions and government have a big role to play when you think about colonialism it really is about institutions and how governments decide what languages are important i think about these days of course some of the headlines is china trying to impose teaching and preventing mongolian from being toxic and they have of course also trying to control the language in this scene jan territory where theyre article readers as well and of course tibetan for quite a number of decades and so i really am curious ruach are agnes b. S. A good question about your respective languages because they were essentially a victim of the institutions and the governments in place recreating you just let people know a little bit of the history. Language was diplomat lee. If that be used by the government to ensure that modeling which wasnt maintained so just as david is just explained nigeria. The language in 867 you could only get funding for schools if you only spoke english and in probably about 70 or 80 years ago punishment for speaking marty wards was still very much the norm. Though. That they had a government of one National Language and all of the other lane with the interface make it on their own. Theres a common theme i think around the world the themes of nationalism associated with one common dominant language. Is something that denies the voices denies the identities of localised communities and quite often we associate ourselves moving ahead in the world with it leaving behind a diversity certainly was the case and not an alky or in new zealand. When you look at languages that are dying i want to pull up a video of Christina Calderon shes over 90 years old shes the last person on earth who speaks this language called young don have a listen. I want to be in this if. Sometimes when i think about what i was going to say and then i i dont remember i used to speak with my sister when she was still here that my sister died the children do not let me again bring none of my nephews learned you know i have no one and no one no one to speak to thats how it is you know its a shame to not be able to speak again because i really miss that. You know i have hunted up ahead of christinas story is very touching of course and ive met many speakers around the world who are truly to the left which is you know. Your language become silent it becomes interest lies people in the community a sense of loss to regret 2 of the star it may take a generation or 2 before they come back and realize the value that it has for them but her story is true common among us speakers its very heartbreaking and on you tube we have another comment from expect oh patrolling as language is important it is the most important symbol of ones culture the issue cannot be overlooked just because we have more pressing issues like Climate Change they have their own importance and i think that really echoes what you just said david so looking at what can be done i also want to share another Community Video that was shared with us from naive lotto and im yes wilker theres founders of lower languages in mexico this is what they have to say. I think all around me is a vision or language and over 300. 00 a muscle mass in there with the modern man im just a raw edges out already sitting in medical research and i know we made a mission. To learn the language and this is the 1st that can break fast and make people very probably get. So much show that every guy didnt show the view the m. F. T. That they were my friends and that we also prevented all the use of the patients because with them feed us make it quick im curious what are methods that have worked for you in terms of teaching the language that get young people engaged. I just want to point kind of a comment that i have everyone has talked about how the like of oral proficiency has been more of play theres a lot of languages that are oral and its been a tough transition to making them more about literacy for the language a language is one of those languages that it was almost entirely oral oral speaking and you know the literacy is just now starting to be like thats a thing that we teach the students and you know its a new way the new age kind of thing and i think with the oral speaking what comes in the hand is you get all these cultural teachings and remembering where to fall on them i mean one of the comments that you had earlier was about like Climate Change if you have if you rely on your language for like oral practices in that language that falls in hand with that you will get teachings from your elders or resources that were passed on from generation and those teachings can teach you about like Climate Change or how to take care of your community i mean its those things that you can genuinely fall on to take care of yourself and your community all together thats what we do with immersion teaching its inexperience a learning we use all those cultural teachings to teach our kids what was passed on to us thats very interesting so its very holistic rockeries that the same experience you have in terms of getting younger people engaged its not just about the language its very holistic. Or much so much focus goes on language acquisition and in many cases for us weve become very good at teaching language but were not very good at using language and so establishing those immersion environments absolutely whats needed within our environment and using and then all the or but the key pointers as if we wait until Children School age or we wait until were adults to start learning a language its hugely inefficient its far easier to establish a lane which was when children are picking up their languages in the 1st instance that expose them to communities or domains where the languages and normalized is a part of culture and identity and they pick it up so much more quickly and so much more theyre the integrity is so much stronger for them is they grow up so that. Rather than focus in on learning a language and im not saying that we dont do that on just simply saying we cant leave aside the importance of the immersion demand outside of the learning environment and sometimes we leave those behind or we dont put enough effort into those spaces reading kerry culture and i didnt. Yeah i got a lesson exploiting that was at least yes go ahead yeah i could just kind of like to pick up on the das a good quote is really wonderful point about the environment and we need language diversity just as we need biodiversity for a Healthy Planet for a Healthy Society and most of what humans know about the environment plants and animal species that are not yet known to scientists are well known and well under stood and then theres languages and cultures so without those languages were missing the huge chunk of the Human Knowledge base and were missing the ability to take care of our planet but that knowledge. Its very interesting as is going to say that in many ways that question that was asked on you tube earlier how do i teach my children is in many ways based on what you guys have said it the wrong question to ask almost that it isnt just about going into a classroom and its about so much more that david i do want to follow up on that what what if if a parent does ask you that though what would you say to them. About the importance of transmission generational transmission is how language is survive and it has to be incentivized and for the parent we underestimate the amount of agency that children have in deciding whether to keep a language or not if you create the right social conditions children will make a rational choice in the. Language if you make them go ashamed of their if youre at the will give up the language when youre in the very end of our shows i want to go to each of you to ask if you can Say Something in the language that you teach and specialize in and what it means lets start with a rock or a. No hold on michael though you do not annoy teenie dont even a completely pretty chordal bit i just explained. A seed farewell but also. Using the witty put on me which is that i would put into nick since that he is that is a coming together or source or container for lang which got it. Bit us to get quick your final thought. Is that i could all. I could go and im. You know i think you know are you quite facinelli and i would like to say that i speak 10 phrases at home every day if you have 10 phrases you can use those 1 and polite and all this and then from there and then i also want to say thank you for having me and it go up a man ill be seeing you. David your quick sentence into the language of the nomadic you are herders when youre saying sure well use our balls to move your ruby because weight is a sacred color to color or to work for some. Rock or a good ass it quickly and david thank you so much for joining this program. Free education for all was the promise the reality provoked a generation. Of birth to drugs enough blood to want to end on that fucked up how a protest over education feeds had morphed into a national revotes lot that ended up at night yet this time its got. Everything must for. A witness documentary on aljazeera. When the fukushima tsunami hit japans coastline in 2011 it destroyed everything in its path in the octomom the forces began building a massive new siebel along 400 kilometers of the coastline its hard construction to be completed by 2021 and a continuous line of walls would close off every riba along the splintered northeast coast of japan. The project also includes floodgates to live to open to allow the river to flow into the sea. The only closed in the a bit of a non. But the mega project has raised questions how fond must we go to protect our children not to last. And how effective it would really be in attempting to say it was. 967 and the 6 day war was at its height a u. S. Spy ship the u. S. S. Liberty monitored the conflict from International Waters suddenly she was attacked by the warplanes of americas closest Regional National israel over 200. 00 were killed and wounded the front part of the ship was just red with blood what happened that day has long been the subject of cover up and mystery mount the truth can be revealed the day Israel Attacked america a Major Investigation on how does a. Hoping to account as we examine the u. S. Its role in the war on al jazeera. The arab. League the and. Thousands left without shelter as fires are again burning in europes largest refugee camp on the greek island of les pauls. Play watching aljazeera live from our World Headquarters in doha fully back t. Ball also coming up fears of water Borne Disease in so donna water has receded leaving tens of thousands of people in unsanitary conditions towns burnt off the map in the u. S. As unprecedented fire is raging along the west coast