Mobile boom. Boom boom in. June the 26th 1905. As the 2nd move war was ending representatives of 50 countries signed the United Nations charter in san francisco. The u. N. Officially came into existence in october of that year when the charter was ratified by china france former soviet union the United Kingdom the United States as well as by a majority of other signatories. Almost 75 years later the un comprises 193 Member States all represented in one of its 6 main organs the United NationsGeneral Assembly. Its 1st session with representatives from 51 nations was in london on january the 10th 1906. The next few annual sessions were held in different cities then moved to the uns permanent headquarters in new york in 1952. Since then the General Assembly has made history from the cold war but youve got a feeling that it to the palestinian israeli conflict with controversial statements we will never ratified the u. N. Arms trade treaty to some un diplomatic moments to i did it to one of the other lucky. To get any more. Or less look at it but i mean. The annual General Assembly in september is chaired by a president voted for by Member States. But does the assembly have to force its resolutions or to compel countries to act. Well find out as the president of the 74th session of the United NationsGeneral Assembly nigerias ambassador to the u. N. Johnny Mohammed Bundy talks to aljazeera. Ambassador to Johnnie Mohammed bandy thank you very much indeed for talking to al jazeera now Everybody Knows the u. N. Many people appeal to it and many many people criticize it but very few of us actually understand the workings of the u. N. So tell me what does the president of the General Assembly actually do. On thank you very much for having me. The brotherhood are some. Operatives us one of the. Officers. That lead the you and. Many other organs the United Nations the assembly is one of them and. Its importance lies in the fact that to dislike the. Body of the system so is it a political post is it a ceremonial post is it procedural i mean how much influence do you have over 193 members of the General Assembly the door some. Constituting one to 3 to put them to use. In the form where it would amount to a can be discussed and where agreements concerning the norms that are set for the system are basically stopped and its important life in the for that really there is nothing. That consarned the want the. Assembly cannot discuss and it is. Lead each delegation is led by a preventive or an ambassador do you and does the office of the president or the General Assembly have any influence over proceedings which issues are heard for each session of the General Assembly i mean do you have influence over that i think the influence lies in the for that the president is elected by the membership on the adoption that he or she. Is respected enough to be listened to especially when there are disagreements and that he is able to shepherd. His friends and partners in the General Assembly. Division and to also work with john says to do more to appear important and it is a deliberate and it must be incredibly difficult 193. 00 countries with divergent views and opinions and interests it is true it is incredibly difficult in some cases because its all sort of looked at or some of the realities around the world but theres also collegiality because were dealing with colleagues i mean and as we disagree we also know you disagree with me on one question you know the full amount to knock on my door see can we Work Together on something so that puts a check even of we have differences we do come to the job with a sense of responsibility not only to our countries but equally importantly to the want to see hold now the General Assembly obviously your position is for the for a year isnt it but tell me what is the actual significance of a General Assembly resolution and im thinking particularly of the palestine youre seeing hundreds of General Assembly resolutions have been passed all of which or very most of which support the rights of the Palestinian People protect the potential for a pal a future palestinian state and yet the United States can completely go its own way ignore them completely km breck of nice. Jerusalem as the capital of israel move its embassy that can recognize occupied territory the Golan Heights and indeed can withdraw the legal. The illegal category associated with settlements and this goes against all the resolutions that have been passed by the General Assembly so whats the point of a General Assembly resolution i think the real question is focus on the one country i think the moral burden of going against. And agreed position i think is is there whatever you do you see just imagine the station of any any country or any part of a country which has noted condition of the World Community it would have easily been swallowed up by its power from neighbors but there is such a thing us World Opinion represented by the somebody and it would be a tough world but i dont think any country. Is happy to be singled out as the one that put this a dinner position and it is a terrible situation that are not only in palestine but on many issues. We didnt get and we have not gotten what the will of the assembly is but even but this is. Out there somebody. Would have to follow us for many the tub and suffering and obviously more should be done in terms of given weight to resolution that we passed and then i think what is important is regardless of which country would group of countries. Would want to refuse to comply with a group of the sion it is that those who agree should operate within the agreement they have made that is that its only look at it. The Security Council according to the un charter is responsible for the maintenance of International Peace and security it has 5 permanent members china france the Russian Federation the United Kingdom and the United States the General Assembly elects 10 nonpermanent members for 2 year terms. However the permanent members of veto powers enabling them to prevent the adoption of a Draft Council resolution regardless of the International Support it may have but does that make the 5 permanent members of the Security Council more powerful than the uns 188 other Member States the way the criticism that is is regularly leveled at the un is that its being held to ransom onus was hijacked if you like certainly by the permanent 5 the p 5 members of the Security Council the americans are a perfect example but the wilting of a veto incapacitates the Security Council from carrying out a function just on the basis of one nations well yes i think thats a legitimate question and it addresses and reinforces the view concern and how come the consulate in a court and a position for any 5 to hold until you agree is anachronistic the point im trying to make but then this is a difficult thing to make but then everybody would want a more democratic look at other issues to use nonetheless the reality of the hold on in terms of action of the world the famine in members or because of this good to counsel is to also miss one of them and which is that. Even of this we cannot view the problems of the 2. The United Nations is therefore not of the levant organization because look at 74 years look at what has happened because the litigations through all this happened before as there was to concert and then so what you have to do is to know. You the 4 point that we could have done far better for our sense of humanity if we had democratize. The goodie including the carson and this issue of reform is not just of this going to cost that many other political organs in the body which also need to and under water from under now going from but the most well known of course its going to council that is where we need to have more members with you to examine very cleverly what the future should be should continue this is what is the ongoing discussion when you say democratize the institutions or thing and what do you mean were talking of you took you a new to the idea that there are 5 members who are prominent little who are prominent and can exercise be to if they so wish good an issue and that can greatly agreement but im saying that if we should have a sense of more deeper than titian so a bigger council well. Cost because tutored there are regions of the world that are not on the council on a permanent basis and that that is an issue that has been discussed 1st. Are we going to have 20 or 24 or from 15 how many more are we going to add if we add these numbers. How many of them if any should have the v 2 or should they be told it meant the difficult questions that are on the on the table and ive been negotiated they have been negotiated they are tough questions but there is agreement as far as we know every country there was a leader that addressed to the assembly has stated the cost of mr be reformed and i think that is 1. 00 element of agreement the next element of course is how do we do so this is the politics of it that we are now really got to live with for the last decade. Ok so its been a decade where this controversial topic has been discussed are we any closer than do you see this this situation being resolved India Germany brazil a seat for africa one of the african countries south africa your own country nigeria perhaps ethiopia i mean it doesnt reflect the vastly changed world that we are living in today does it no theres no question that many countries have already them under the bottom right to wish to aspire to a new position has all come to to now. For africa i think is going to. Africa is clear as to what is demarked is demanded other countries are putting forward themselves. What are the parameters to use to see the also entitled to be there now all all is well the question is simply this a thing that must be negotiated. No group will get on the council simply because it has to be an issue of new position of the house had. The most known as a continent of 1. 2000000054 countries. In the United Nations without to put them to show that is well understood other groups are also seeing some adjustment you mentioned some of which are known to be keen on this and i think this is a discussion that is really tough but is going on what are the what are some of the Current Issues affecting the conflicts in particular affecting the world right now that you think have been mishandled on not handled at all as a consequence of this rather. Old fashioned out of date system by which the Security Council operates i mean. Would you say for instance that without the permanent 5 and the power of russia for instance would you would you imagine that the situation in syria perhaps could have been resolved sooner 9 years of civil war with outside powers contributing to the the horror that is being experienced by the Syrian People so theres no question that no one should enjoy. Ignore the fact that any did look in the council of war and peace which is really the limit of the constant i think of that human beings but and it is it is to be the cry that we havent seen on many issues including syria the speed with which some movement can happen through consensus and that is a problem United Nations peacekeepers are another tool developed by Member States to help countries divided by conflict the Un Peacekeeping operations are guided by 3 basic principles consent of the parties impartiality and non use of force except in selfdefense and defending the un mandate 13 Un Peacekeeping operations are currently deployed on 3 continents sometimes in controversial circumstances eve chaired the committee on peacekeeping operations at the un which brings me to another issue for which the un is being very very seriously heavily criticised for and that of course is a peacekeeping activities particularly at the moment in d. L. C. In the east what on earth has gone wrong with the uns largest peacekeeping mission in east india weve had people on the streets protesting they want the un out saying that they failed in their mandate to protect them from armed groups whats gone wrong it is legitimate. To the questions about if you can see of any operation be it the blue of country organizations but the thought of demonstration. Speaks to awardee by some possums and its also fair for them to do so but i dont think after the demonstrations they themselves would want attention whereby theres no United Nations nor the board and deployed around it is as bad but if there are factions within a country and. Groups removal especially in huston model of the un would a little suspicious of the top ones. Would find ourselves in auspicious nobody would want us to remember what what happened when no action was taken in africa that message might be hard to sell to the people of benny and goma in east india i say not to mention other countries other communities that have complained bitterly about the presence of un peacekeepers who have been accused of sexual abuse of of of bad behavior of a very serious level Central African republic of course haiti of course where there was also the introduction of cholera so what is it with the un peacekeepers is it that. Is it that the the constitution of the force maybe is not as carefully considered as it might be is it the command structure or is it the scope of the mandate i think the issues that must be brought to discussion is that. The note of misuse of the net measures has been and is taken very seriously anything to do Sexual Exploitation and abuse in fact the whole efforts in terms of turning in terms of commitments made in terms of. Who is bettered and the whole question of the protocol relating to who goes to comes and all that i think is very clear if any in to be doing is found the difficult issues to the country and to the individual member of very dire and i think a come back to the question that an acquisition alone is very easy to have in a condition to ask people to live and then anybody who wants to create a problem will simply engineer for any reason and a condition and then the our lives and then must across happen. And so it is almost important not to play into 1st of all to investigate because the u. N. Can be wrong it has been wrong on the total questions and wanted to do long it also to concrete to budget on issues continue to do so the reality of the matter content of peacekeeping is that 1st of all its a very dangerous undertaken and you talked about the mandates i mean the mandates are difficult to construct are you going to. Engage if attacked at times is very difficult you need to have clear understanding on the ground at times the situation deteriorates sort of probably when you are constituent im under it you probably would not have known that but perhaps by the time this mobile edition Something Else was different so the distance dynamics traditions and now i think the u. N. Has a better understanding of the in terms of what they can respond to in terms of the kind of monday that are given in terms of the build that turning but it does talk more broadly of complete prevention the whole question of want to live in total structures i think its not an easy thing you just enter and deal with the problem there are many issues around around it you do a problem i was able to see that we are assured that it will be brought to a level that it can have stability issues that of life and death. When you bring too much politics into it you can get the you are not to go and to be so afraid and then the result is not really going to be so the only thing that the whole combination of Technical Skills but also this idea of Political Solutions all of been sort of your interest in this is key and so i used several of the kinds of criticisms that are commonplace and regularly leveled against the un and you seem to be saying to me that yes ok these are valid criticisms past it would be much worse if there wasnt a General Assembly says this and for their sobel of the deal and has. Taken action on cases that investigations at times take longer in stations of of conflict are you feeling at the u. N. Are you feeling the effect if you like of a move away from multilateralism on the part of the United States how does that impact. The way you do business at u. N. Headquarters in new york as well as in other u. N. Buildings well i think the the its well known that. We have had. Some funding issues. But i think. Even if theres no. We can in some countries of commitment to try to order we could still have funding problems i think what is important is to underline the fact that it is true some countries especially on some issues have not been on board but there arent many and important of those countries can be i think look at the numbers that believe. That their own security lies in the most written order and i think that what we should hold rather than the idea that one country or 2 countries or 3 under a time is what you find that simply countries may have other versions over some us that of a larger issue again this is normal but i think the issue simply eclipse in this when we talk of. Somebody with 130 members and we had one to 2 countries come in to make statements to the forum. Of the General Assembly. The body cannot be irrelevant because you come to say what you feel what do you have you what the world is you dont come to just abuse everyone you are there even if you disagree because the forum is important i think its important to have a balance i think what i just want to say is in place but not is key because what you do is if you dont bring in balance you go overboard and it is it is this issue that is key so youre pretty optimistic then for the u. N. 75th anniversary of your leader is what it is it is it is just impossible not to be optimistic look at and about they should look at a world of anarchy. Before the United Nations and we still know the powerful do have an advantage but they are still hemmed in whether they like it or not no country wishes to be singled out or put than the rest of us i think this is what is really key it has been a force for good look at issues of terrorism how can you so look at conflict prevention look at issues of hellespont demick look at the whole question of rapes right of individuals. And then theres the issue that we are taking the focus into it but i think we shouldnt too quickly forget ambassador mohammed president of the 70 full session of the General Assembly thank you very much for talking to something. The u. S. Is always of interest to people all around the world this has been going on for a number of those with tear gas being used to push the price. You know report the phone and perspective to try to blame the mobile audience why its important how did could impart their life at the height of the storm what the would do a high that would be done by hey this is an important part of the wall people Pay Attention to what were going to you know does it is very good to bring the news to the world from here. Becoming a Living Legend to the young age was simply not enough. He transformed his influence on the pitch into political clout the piece to the ivory coast. Hosted by eric cantona. Rebels begins with a look at the life of. The football who succeeded with politicians of no. 5 on the i 40 and simple and ill just. Rewind return this can bring your people back to life im sorry and brand new updates on the best of aljazeera is documentaries in libya i was the global the clubs uno. And the other student rewind continues with children of conflict johnson wed love some peace in this world especially english and children do not have any right here rewind on aljazeera. The latest news as it breaks with no treatment or vaccine for coronavirus volunteers you see theyll continue to provide the Service Began to fight the disease with detailed coverage along without any planning for indias millions of migrant workers. And fearless journalism from around the world for many coming to this place of the only chance they have to leave at least once a day. Play an Important Role ringback. Hello im Barbara Starr in london these are the top stories on aljazeera yemens internationally recognized government has described that the clear ration of self rule by separatists in the south as a coup the aid and base the Southern Transitional council declared a state of emergency saying it would govern the port city and other southern provinces some 1 may have been from Lancaster University in the u. K. Explains how different groups are trying to increase their influence in the country i think its an interesting it altogether and surprising set of element