You want us to guess to gates these mysterious go ships on aljazeera. I mean green bacteria in the tree and. Gas. In iceland. Because how Council Climate change. Explores the science of capturing. This is. Going to explore the intersection of humanity and were doing it in a unique way this is science by scientists. Fossil fuels powering the modern industrial economy with Global Economic growth. In greenhouse. Since the 1950 s. The u. S. Space agency has been monitoring Carbon Dioxide levels. In 2013 climate history is made at the moment station in hawaii. In the month of may we measured c o 2. You know why go over 400. Which is a mile you could say. We think this is a significant milestone it reminds. Me. In the last at least 2000000 years. Was also significant is the rate of increase is rapid. This Computer Generated image shows the. Across the globe the intense red indicate increased burning of fossil fuels during the. 2006 which in turn generates. America europe and asia scientists at nasa and around the world have evidence indicating increased levels of c o 2 in atmosphere behind rising temperatures extreme droughts and extreme storms associated with Global Warming and Climate Change the prime driver Scientists SayCarbon Dioxide c o 2 a colorless odorless nature can provide a part of Carbon Capture through photosynthesis trees and plants to see or to production has outpaced the growth of the forests Global Temperatures continue to climb higher. 1000 and 72nd warmest for free ever recorded one way to stop rising sea levels is to reduce dangerous emissions but research is a taking another. Look into science to come up with methods to capture through Innovation One experimental plan would inject Carbon Emissions underground could be turned into story and stored indefinitely welcome to techno i got to say the same thing and the theme for and i think the landscape absolutely stunning i think is beauty isnt just on the surface theres a lot more happening down below our. Iceland one of the most geologically active areas on. According to icelands National Energy authority the tiny island nation is packed with more than 200. 00 active volcanoes. But even when they arent rotting in icelands many volcanic molten magnifies just. That results in a landscape covered with hot spots and open gas. In the middle of one of these hot sports. Fueled entirely by the energy from the ground below the Geothermal Power generated here provides more than enough energy tonight. Capital city of reykjavik. So were right on the edge of a volcanic area are we how important is for the fight with the power plant located here if it werent for the world came across where the world came to is thats where we have from electricity etc just as a chemical engineer and the search for energy. She took us to the top of the ball came to get a close up view of an active drill station. This is the geothermal version of an oil rig. The flow of. More than 200 degrees. So its a real. 300. And so. A crack in the ground. Yeah basically with dylans across the ground whether we. Want that or just regular what the circulation. Brings with. We can really imagine. Yeah yeah i mean. This is just you know. That says incredible but whats happening here is actually as a result of whats going on thousands of minutes of. The locust so horace when engine is. A really. Good thing. And gas is. A scientist. Especially. Sort of belief. As it turns out. Is also a giant. Home to one of the worlds most innovative plans to capture Carbon Dioxide c good listen as a Research Professor at the. End of the team behind. The Carbon Capture program reckon big energy even though this is a Green Energy Plant point 5 percent of what comes out of the ground is made in gases cup and dioxide and hunch and sulfite. The idea is to take those home the missions and inject them back into the ground. Theoretically you could. Approve thats going to be released in the future you know from burning or no fossil fuel on earth you could culture it and you can store it in the ocean the great you know with all of it all of it you know about this 5. Thats kind of the estimated you know emission of most of if if we a myth of the current rate increase coursing climb our chains causing us with the ocean. Unless we covered with you thats incredible that this Carbon Capture method could be the solution to. Eliminating our Carbon Footprint well its not the Silver Bullet i mean its not the solution is one of the solutions become fixed program was conceived in the labs here in 2006 or 2012 it was fully implemented in the field it takes it from to Something Else tectonic heritage provides the sun takes a look at the landscape has is highly dramatic and its covered in the dark jagged edge of rock right above and below the surface its called rock and its volcanic lava cools and its perfect for capturing carbon because its highly reactive with c o 2. This is the key ingredient to this whole innovative process isnt there this is a chunk of us after looking at but its the black material thats the most off and then you can see white spots sort of in between this actually the Calcium Carbonate that were forming thats the c o 2. So these white spots is actually this isnt just a chunk yeah yeah this is a very nice Calcium Carbonate crystal cultured christo. But this is not really representative of what do you what we form with in the ground during our injection its more like the spots you can see the possibly this process is happening here in iceland naturally for example in order to ferment areas where we have what can they sue to interacting with our soft turning this into into Carbon Minerals so then we thought why not test this interesting idea out here in west london when we have our. Providing a source of c o 2 that come and become. Injected back into the ground and see if we can utilize accelerate this not sure process so the process is happening naturally here its happening at a much faster speed did you predict that yeah so i actually in the beginning i was involved with the project in my in as a part of my ph the bush the multiple projects that mineralization to approach within 5 years time but. It proved out that the processes in fast them out to protect the coast the c o 2 was turned into stone within only 2 years today and once the c o 2 is turned into stone we dont have to worry about that its not going anywhere its just but it in the ground as raw the process begins in the production well. Steam is sent down these pipes and into the main power plant. Is used to turn the plants giant taglines which produced electricity. The same person for binds them at the end of. The water they can feel Heat Exchangers weather what that which is what the for the set of pipes and there were years for souring and. Once the steam is been used its usually been leased back into the atmosphere for the cop fix project the geothermal gas is about point 5 percent of steam going to be special cleaning toilets thats where the company capture process. So the gases get a shower what does that mean yeah they actually flow through a column where we have what the 1st falling falling down because 3 rows in the opposite direction of the gas meets a liquid and during that sort of direction the c o 2 and sulfite they do salt into the water droplets that moisture is sent back down the pipe to. Several 100 meters from the main plant so this is really the heart to innovation in this for what happens so here we are actually injecting water component based on c o 2 into the ground into the boss off the coast or where the Chemical Reactions place and turn it into a rock so the gas has been dissolved in water is that whats coming up through the pipe. Here in the pipe we have or are about 30 meters per 2nd theme actually containing the salt c o 2 and aides to us flowing through here if you look through the window you can see that there are actually i mean bubbles are visible even though we have a lot of fluid still flowing through it because all the costs are the salt is hard to believe that theres actually thousands of these is per 2nd. Of water content of gas flowing through here it just looks like this looks it looks empty but if you look closely you can see so what is more profitable moving around a little bit so it is actually happening and you can see its on the press or not. When the final step in the process is where the Chemical Reaction happens the water is pumped down this large pipe to a depth of 1. 5 kilometers thats where it hits bedrock and thats where the Chemical Reaction takes place as they like to say its where gas is turned to rock so what happens after we inject this year 2 was that this year too was is the salt and water which is then acidic. The acidic waters dissolves the process of the coaster releasing calcium magnesium and iron into the water fluid where it can react with the c o 2 thats already there and form these carbon of minerals parts of 3 x. Fast. Formed rocks. Where we surprise we have done some experiments we have done transport modeling where we predicted that this would take of the order of 5 to 10 years no one really believed. You know and then you really have to do it and then we inject that henri paul got that we could mineralized in 2 years which is a fantastic new plant already green has which is to come and footprint by one fat more importantly a team of ph d. Students at the university bryson is conducting a new round of testing to figure out why topic is what a well and whether a have global act a case where this machine here is very much like more on the your family album but thats where its mixing together so im reenacting that what are you trying to find from the supply mentation so the main aim is to figure out where the kick off is when is the c o 2 reacting with the sulfur form carbonate why is the carbon in these so fast i mean in other carbon for expenses and tens of thousands of years is a procedure that could be. Copied around the world that in the hope i mean right now it has been done in iceland and they are doing studies United States in the Columbia River area you have to try and link up with other companies and universities and other countries in the world in order to bring this matter to them but also alter it what type of industry they have and what type of rocks they have and then in a way whacking at the different industry seeing what what they do on a daily basis and seeing how you can alter it such a way that they can also store their gas emissions in the ground. So its working very well as a general family plant but what are the other applications of this Technology Well theyre all because of course we want to get the coal fired power plants you know where the much otiose their mission is then also we want to get this to 1st motors you know we need in the future even if we abundant fossil fuel we need i dont we would meet aluminum and we would need to see. Scientists here say they have a long way to go but they would begin testing the car fix process a power plants and smelter is situated in coastal regions near. So far tests at the energy plant chainmail negative impact on Water Supplies downstream from the injection site other methods of Carbon Storage rely on bearing the gas in geological formations or injecting c o 2 into depleted or wells the car fix process is the only woman into mice a person that actually turns the gas into rock so how can this be expanded globally. Well it must. Be most of the rock surface of earth. And when we have it we have big planes of plastic rocks and in the states in siberia but also the whole Ocean Explorer well thats a lot of surface and one of the downsides of this method that is that we need a lot of what that is because we wanted to solve the c o 2 completely before we inject if we used to see what that but then to the Ocean Explorer somehow we have Endless Supply of what and you know us what we could imagine so but the question remains how much of this would be practical to use. With not really only way to capture and store you know we this is the 1st experiments we do you know one on that is nowhere close to an interest youre scary good conventional way of capturing c o 2 and compressing it and injecting into separate places theyve been doing since 96 so theres a lot of know. What this. Is that we need to put a price on the carpet it has to be an incentive for him to do it and it should be included in the price of fossil fuels the price of capturing and storing the car once we have that then im very optimistic but no of course we always have to work on ways to actually lower the price but it is doable with the present knowledge we have but its costly in 2015 the u. S. National academy of science issued a report on geo engineering the science of using technology to counter the impact of Climate Change the panels contrition the benefits of Carbon Dioxide high risk costs a challenge they called for more studies to determine if known term storage of c o 2 could be safe and effective scientists at the university of rice and harder and they studied. Capturing c o 2 is just one possible solution but scientists have another plan and not burying Carbon Dioxide but they are finding a way to use it the technique. Scientists in amsterdam are studying another solution to help reduce global c o 2 levels theyre innovating green manufacturing techniques of some common products like plastics that actually remove instead of add Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere during production currently the Plastic Manufacturing process emits huge amounts of Carbon Dioxide into the environment adding to the problem of Climate Change. But what if the new technology could produce a type of biodegradable plastic that could actually help reverse the greenhouse effect the possibility of this lies inside bacteria an ancient organism the 1st 3500000000 years ago which turns Carbon Dioxide into valuable organic compounds from which plastics can be made as a whole variety of organisms. But there is a wrong particular. Microorganisms that recall the cyano work area. This is an example of the blue green algae. Here in amsterdam science park a young startup has grand plans harnessing the photosynthetic power of cyanobacteria not only to reduce c o 2 in the atmosphere but also to produce earth Friendly Consumer products the Science Behind this begins with an understanding of photosynthesis plants and some bacteria use energy from the sun along with Carbon Dioxide and water from the atmosphere to produce oxygen and organic compounds the oxygen is put back into earths atmosphere and the cycle continues. Scientists have found that cyanobacteria one of the oldest organisms known to man can be engineered in the lab to excrete commercially valuable molecules. Although there are differences in climate between various places on earth we also find many different fan of victoria and in principle you could find for any sport where you would want to apply you your technique your girlfriend a certain fan of victor and that is optimally adept of to carry out the process that you have defined. In this lab living cyanobacteria conduct photosynthesis under artificial conditions and are engineered to excrete a number of specific compounds used in products ranging from plastics to fragrances to pharmaceuticals. The cyanobacteria excluded compound used in the manufacturing of bioplastics is lactic acid. Dr class is a microbiologist spearheading the Cyanobacteria Research and here you see an example of a product that can be made by the sound of bacteria in very large amounts and this case this is one of the. Coli if you were forms of lactic acid and then if you have a culture a liquid culture that has been modified to produce the lactic acid and you let it produce for a for a while this electric. Can then be used to make Consumer Products of plastic and theres also a very important product that will become much more important in the years to come and this is the electric. Used in 3 d. Printing and my expectation is that the amount of products that we that we will be using that have been produced in a 3 d. Printer will enormously increase in the end of coming years. Growing cyanobacteria to make lactic acid for use in Plastic Manufacturing requires the detailed scientific recipe. Researcher dr sabrina explains how the cyanobacteria is grown in the lab. Here we grow the precautions that when the news is to not too late. Large bottles that will be again used to inoculate our pilot facility which is from 3400 liters of 2000 liters so youre growing a small amount in here and then youll dump it and went to looks like an empty clear yet liquid and then it has to be the screen yes exactly yeah whats in here right now what are these. Electric i said producing bacteria what we do is the monitor as close as possible all different part of meters from ph to temperature to a neutron concentration in order to find the best recipe for the medium. Do the like the acid producing say in a bacteria is engineered here it will be moved to other labs with low. Larger by a reactor is just scaled up production increasing the amount of bioplastics that can be manufactured later normally you dont think about plastic is necessarily being good for the environment but these are generally there is a problem with plastics that they are very recalcitrant that means that once they are deposited in the environment they will stay in the environment and they will not degrade or degrade only very very slowly and the nice thing of this plastic is that it is based on molecules from living cells and that means that there are also enzymes in living cells that can break the connection and then can degrade the plastic the nice thing of this type of polymer is that you can make blends of these polymers that have a rate of degradation that you can set when you make the polymer is tunable it is tunable so you will presumably want this this beacon to be degraded much trust than than the material in this big printing that youre proposing an almost entirely closed loop you start with c o 2 in the atmosphere you use a modified thana bacteria to create a plastic polymer that humans use goes ill and cells broken down and turned back into the garbage last concert is very important and we call call it the carbon cycle on earth and now the last 200 years mankind has learned that it is very cheap and its reckless to burn all that fossil reserves if we continue to do that that will create this problem of increased c o 2 and Global Warming and thats why it is very important to change the carbon cycle into a cycle where all the carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis the plants for food of the scientific period to make materials all this fixed carbon is used and after use ideally it is really new and wanted a c o 2 is going to enter the cycle and new and with energy of sunlight new products can be made. Using night and science to combat Climate Change the mind does have potential for Technology Arms out to share the same are in iceland the next time. The fact. The smallest place on the planet and one that could soon be lost forever with an International Team of scientists is determined not to let that happen without intervention to give the cuba i would say year 2 at best now its a race against time to try and save a species like a crisis thats in the motions. Extinction tag no 0. Business updates brought to you by Qatar Airways going places together. Business updates brought to you by Qatar Airways going places together. To communist leaders. Central to the worlds oldest living civilization. In the. Series the big picture. In the industrialized. One on. The out. This is the news hour live from on Global Headquarters in doha coming up in the next 60 minutes 2 days before voters in algeria go to the polls a Court Sentences 3 former political leaders to long prison. Myanmars leader on santucci is at the International Court of justice to defend her countrys treatment of Muslim Rohingya also this hour of democrats in the u. S. Sorry