Im nick with crucial u. N. Climate talks underway in madrid this is planet as us from kenya where Climate Change is being keenly felt why population is facing a stream weather and where River Systems are threatened by flooding and drought. And our planet warms and waterways are contaminated once mighty rivers have been reduced to fins stretches of water lakes are shrinking here in kenya will learn how local communities are taking the fight to save them our river basin into their own hands. We hear from fishing communities on the shores of Lake Victoria as fish stocks windell we speak today as you say the costs down the river the beam in hydropower in georgia are too high and half way through cup 25 the latest from aids climate talks in madrid. Welcome to planet s. O. S. From kenya the mass im our game reserve is right there Serengeti National park just over the horizon and that direction we are in the heart of the mara river basin home to more than a 1000000 people and a spectacular biodiversity also stained by crucial network of waterways like many lakes and rivers around the world that are in trouble its predicted for each degree the earth warms 7 percent of the population will lose a 5th of their Freshwater Resources well weve passed one degree already and some projections show we could hit 4 degrees by the end of the century that means freshwater is likely to decrease in many sub tropical regions and this is where some of the worlds poorest and Fastest Growing populations live people will be competing for water communities who rely on classes for fresh water when ironically get too much as they melt but ultimately the. Drought is certain to increase and demand on water supply is predicted to suppose that theyll ability in many places and the cost of water will rise globally the flip side is uncertain weather patterns mean more intense rainfall in short periods with potentially catastrophic flooding. Here things are being exacerbated by deforestation overgrazing and pollution but local communities taking the fight into the own hands. Its a process of nature thats as old as the hills of the mouth forest where it all begins and the trees and plants that grow within it the rain falls and down it percolates into the waterways and aquifers which form the mara river basin. The a red life here is spectacular and in the wilderness the iconic species of africa all that to be see. At the heart of all this is the mara river itself in full flow during the short rainy season but always dependent on the health of the mouse forest in the hills far away. Hes one of the towers within the country and it is quincy died very important what a touch meant not only for the basing budget for the entire country in general. This story has taken a new turn as i find travelling by 4 wheel drive is the only way to get any distance but in the wet season that still presents a challenge the route across the mara has been destroyed by floods. And foiled by the very river that weve come to film not a sort of thing happens in times of heavy rain but its being exacerbated by 3 things 1st of all the forestation upstream then i have a great thing down 3 and finally Climate Change weve got to find another way round. Boiled again the rains causing delays chaos like this becoming more frequent as the weather patterns change. You only have to look at the recent floods across the region which have displaced thousands and have killed more than 120. 00 in kenya and then and then theres drought the mar river nearly dried up totally any of this year its never happened as far as we know but if it did it would be catastrophic for all that live here we eventually make it up to the mao forests where evidence of deforestation is plain to see as trees give way to farmland the forest is reduced 60 percent in recent years. So there are fields like this. On a program to restore the mara river basin kevin conjunct shows us a recently harvested cabbage field. What were looking at here is the effect of deforestation this would have been a close cannot be forest if it was 2001 but after years of the forest fish around that has been left and now whats happening is agriculture. But now villages actually encouraged to take responsibility for their environment village ranges help patrol for illegal logging and charcoal burning even dead wood thats collected from the forest floor is paid for. And at the waters edge its locals who are monitoring quite a life and checking the health of the river and they may more than anyone how important these because of the Climate Change you know sometimes we experience long crises that is like i wake up call to the community they see ok now beside me to protect this morning. Because what the has no i dont want to. Be down on the plains frightening up livestock has long been the most horrible way now theyre being encouraged to reduce their herd numbers and bring their animals to market earlier to eliminate a grazing and result they say better pasture and high yields. And here an alternative means of income beehives looked after by the women of the village. Dont you know this is a good thing a way we can get some money by selling the honey it empowers us as women in helps raise school fees for the children. School fees. The mass i do would be encouraged to take down fences and open up their lands to more wildlife which in itself provides tourist dollars. Not everyone here is convinced by these new ways but the message is protecting and engaging in the environment reach rewards for mining based and the world we live in. Now experts are saying that the extreme weather we just store and not report is down to a warmer than normal indian ocean off the coast of east africa causing more of operation and therefore more right and not about whether its still about the people here waiting and being delayed while its thrown in tributary of the river mara and this kind of thing is only going to happen more more its Climate Change takes a grip ok lets move on take a look at this a 3rd of the worlds vertebrate species and home for fish species live in fresh water knowledge fresh water running molds have declined by almost 90 percent since the 19 seventies and the biggest fish species have seen the 94 percent population decline. And that something is relevant or not because the largest lake Lake Victoria is right about 150 kilometers away from have very important supply of fresh water fish for locals there are concern that unless the fishing industry is protected it could die out in a few years time during which explains. John c. Reilly has been a fisherman nearly all his life so was his father and grandfather too its how the bills get paid but he says something has not been right for a long time and makes a tortilla. The water is warmer than yes before this is the 1st fish shes caught in alice. Waters every time i come to fish i catch very little its said sometimes i dont get enough to properly take care of my family. Scientists one life in africas largest freshwater lake could die if the warning signs continue to be ignored millions in east africa depend on Lake Victoria but when they fish stocks are being blamed on overfishing pollution and Climate Change and will we how little it work to live within a city where to live with country more expose these issues really really is like being live. In mists with sun in the shore and youve been limited to news and look at what it is its getting exposed and the production of. Fish farming is one way of repaying missing stocks for the domestic and International Markets fish are read in cages and given food and you chance daily it usually takes about 9 months for to fish to reach maturity. Volume of water. Marks and to take a fair view of things behind us if the kids you have to talk to or should be for volume 608 it. May pass out over this the kid you weve just talked 55 hours on the field with the rising temperatures contributing to Climate Change and threatening to wipe out entire species fish farming is being encouraged but the cages are expensive to buy for poor fishermen. Fishing is one of ugandas leading export and if the fish in Lake Victoria continue to disappear its not only the economy that will be devastated but entire communities for generations to come. Un body on Climate Change is that we need to halt Greenhouse Gas emissions by the year 2030 if were to keep warming to one and a half degrees celsius it is an ambitious but necessary target nations have yet to step up to it it certainly needs to be more Efficient Energy use and we need to make the switch to Clean Green Renewable Energy like wind and solar and move away from dirty energy like coal and then theres hydro power plain but controversial with potential impacts on water levels Aquatic Ecosystems and People Living downstream in fact the 1st global assessment of the worlds longest rivers shows only a 3rd still flow freely thats largely due to thousands of duns and reservoirs a recent w w f report says many new dams are being built without adequate account for countries and communities downriver. Buried 2 percent of georgias energy already comes from hydro power but there are government plans to build dozens of new hydroelectric power stations but many of the not convinced is worth the cost as robin 1st year walker now reports. Villages in the east in june staged a sit in against plans to build a new hydroelectric power station on the river valley look i miss it but we have water and they want to take it away this woman says the Company Building the project says the village will get its share of moved to the local lawyer tells me Climate Change is already affecting supply i am not going to stop it as a kind of the nature we have now wont exist anymore all over the pa some of the water level was loyal and without enough moisture trees on the left bank started to dry out this is not my opinion there are studies on this issue. Of the affected communities are also taking action in a true residence for nearby town keesing teams with police the plant more than 50 people injured. And on the other side of the country. Campaign as opposed to several large projects one of which would force more than 2000 people to move. To higher power has less of a Carbon Footprint than fossil fueled power stations but studies show that even small Hydro Power Plants disrupt the flow of rivers and damage ecosystems. Reservoir hydro power can have an even greater impact several new ones under construction this is the asian volley reservoir and hydroelectric power station its one of the biggest in the country it was built in the 1980 s. And its one of a number of soviet era plants that explain why today more than 80 percent of this countrys electricity is generated by hydro power now the government wants many more new plants both big and small to meet growing energy demands. The government has been criticized for the lacking a Robust Energy strategy to justify all that construction i asked the economy minister if 119 projects. 2000000 the figures that you are talking about a mainly consist of the small fully match and Hydro Power Plant where they are almost there all Environmental Impact i was sure when you say that almost 0 environmental a hike any plant which is bigger than. The choirs to be studied very carefully and environmental and social Impact Assessment should be green campaigners say that didnt happen for this 187 megawatt plant she was heavy water from 3 rivers was diverted one study found its construction destroyed 93 had of natural habitat and damaged local fish populations the plant has been suspended tunnel speech was built to divert water collapsed after it began operating in 2017 we are also experiencing other problems in the because even small Hydro Power Plant despite the legislation is a requirement to do the proper assessments before starting constructions on one Hand Companies while letting them on another hand governmental Decision Makers are closing and just granting these permissions to the project the company which operates the plant was not available for comment. The government and investors say that sure is an exception and that the impacts of new drugs are the price. Munity is like is still need convincing robin 1st year into planets and so s. In the republicans. Ok kate brahman is a scientist specializing in law and Water Resources and she says that while there is cause for concern it can be a catalyst for change. I think we should worry because worry makes us think creatively and differently about solutions but i dont think we should be afraid one of the things that weve actually seen that i think is really heartening is that quite consistently water shortage leads to cooperation not to wars that in in places where. People are short of water especially across country borders that its not fighting that we see its a new wave of cooperating and learning to Work Together and really people realizing that they need to make peace in order to share these resources not just one another in the direction of some great calls that weve got here on aljazeera this program for us rise is well worth the watch the glasses of the indian administered region of lead back shrinking as temperatures rise causing severe water shortages that rice spoke to a man with a plan to stop the precious glass real melt from literally flowing away oh you can find that on aljazeera dot com for slash program now its about major Climate Change conference in madrid trying to find a way forward in these on time but more on that lets cross tremendous in the studio thanks nic scientists politicians on campaign us have gathered in the thousands in the spanish capital for those climate salts whilst around the wold people have been holding rallies to draw attention to planets in crisis and to hold Decision Making to account tonight activists gretta 10 bags joined a mass protest in the trades we are in the middle. Of climate and ecological in the sea. And we need to start treating this crisis like a crisis and we need to step out of our comfort zones and that is what we are doing right now we are stepping out of our comfort zones telling the people in power that they must take their responsibility and protect future and present generations well gratin burke has become the global face of public anger over environmental destruction and shes one of a number of young people to inspire a Global Climate movement well back in the Conference Hall in madrid there are a number of critical and complex issues on the agenda here are some of the big ones 1st participants have to settle the rules for Carbon Trading how to make polluters pay and forewards those cutting back then this climate finance developed nations a falling short of 100000000000. 00 a year target by 2020 to help poorer nations adapt and develop in the planets friendly way and then theres the purse led by the head of the un and when you get terrorists to persuade World Leaders to commit to tougher climate pledges he described the commitments made so far as ottilie and adequate we represent people changing the way we do business or we generate power or we build cities or we move and that we feel the world if we dont urgently change our way of life with life itself. The top for a missing countries account for 56 percent of global Greenhouse Gas emissions engine comes in 4th place with 7 percent now it is working to boost its Renewable Power but with nearly half its electricity dependent on coal and a rapidly growing economy emissions are likely to keep rising more encouraging news from the European Union and its 28. 00 Member States it accounts for 9 percent of global emissions but its committed to reduce that by at least 40 percent from 192030 the u. S. Is a 2nd largest emitter with just over 13 percent of the global emissions but its pledges if it makes them a danger to life and finally to china the worlds top emitter its been investing in Renewable Power for decades but 85 percent of its primary energy still comes from fossil fuels a most of that is cope with a surging economy Carbon Emissions are on the rise rob matheson has more from beijing. China produces about 20 percent of the worlds Carbon Emissions coal makes up around 59 percent of chinas Energy Consumption and thick smog can still hang over beijing in winter as people like to relatively cheaper coal fires to ward off the bitter chill. But in recent years coal mines have been closed and the building of new power plants has been restricted near heavily polluted areas to our natures real in the last couple of years you see smog almost every day in winter the pollution was very serious but since last year its getting much better the number of electric vehicles in china has been booming the amount of investment the chinas been making over the last 7 years in Renewable Energy has been significant and the pollution levels from its power stations has leveled off but despite that chinas emissions a whole for the 1st 6 months of 2019 goals by 4 percent china as well as the middle class is. Being blamed the surge in demand for new housing and infrastructure has meant more work for chinas steel and cement factories and a rise in pollution the result of that is overcapacity industry a lot of questionable. Infrastructure projects in other areas so thats the part where there is space to build what you actually need but. Stop building just because you want to create demand for more steel and cement construction work china has argued for years that it shouldnt be criticised for using coal to power its remarkable transformation into the worlds 2nd largest economy i think china and. At the time some other developing countries believe that this is our rights to develop the course theyve recognized that yes its our rights to develop but on the other hand its also about our rights for you know peoples right to brave healthy air the skies above beijing may be clearer more often but watch chinas new middle class demand new homes chinese factories are likely to continue pumping out pollution rob matheson in beijing for planet s. O. S. According to the latest estimates from the Global Carbon projects c o 2 emissions will hit another record high this year and that they say is almost entirely due to china lets take a look at this weeks data tracker Scientists Say the safe level for Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere is around 350. 00 parts of c o 2 for every 1000000 amolak ules in its recent reports the World Meteorological organization or the w. M. O. Puts the average global temperature at around 1. 00 degrees celsius above the preindustrial period it says 2019 wraps up a decade of record breaking heat retreating ice and rising sea levels and finally as you can see that sea water is 26 percent more acidic and its because the chemistry of the water changes as the oceans absorb c o 2 back to you nick. Thanks amanda to the issue of ways in the world is choked with it particularly plastic more and more countries are beginning to regulate plastic you know countries take it quite as seriously as sweden its even inspired one city recycle its image is poor its. This is. The worlds 1st recycled mall as in everything sold here is 2nd hand recycled or repurposed. Manager and that bag can begin to channel humanitys rampant consumerism or at least swedens in a more sustainable direction this is the future way to run a Shopping Mall i guess and any business in the future needs to be sustainable to last. A skills tune as waste plant processes 20000 tonnes of rubbish a year with smart cameras pointing different materials in the right direction food waste is sold back to residents as compost or used to power as skills to use buses and provide heating for the town but theres a side project they hope will have a Global Impact breeding lot of it from the black soldier fly as a protein source for salmon farms to get the protein and we get the manure from the larvae of that its perfect for the improving of the soil. So its a win win for everyone. Retune has also helped heal some of the hurt of high unemployment yeah. I love to paint change the fittings fix things its perfect for me because ive had so many jobs in my life now i love to work with this very old furniture. Recycled future has not replaced its form a Steel Industry with 15000 still unemployed in a city of 100000. We could just lay down and give up what we shows to to not were still problem being a manufacturing town but were also trying to find new ways and combine them with together green policies have given this city the chance to recycle its image after a loss of industry and identity the question is whether it remains an outpost in the war against Climate Change or a blueprint for the rest of the world to adopt polar east aljazeera skills to know sweden well wed like to hear your stories of innovation in solutions you can get in touch with us using the hash tag a. J. Planet s. O. S. Next time were in madrid for those climate talks where the pressure is on to settle differences and come up with a way forward on Climate Change and we talk to those who are already taking action to reduce their impact on the environment whether the politicians agree or not but for now from a net clark and the rest of the planet s. O. S. Team here in kenya. We. From ancient embryos to communist leaders. Age old philosophies and the rule of order remain central to the worlds oldest living civilization. In the 1st of a 2 part series the big picture charts how a history spanning 5000 years shaped chinas world in the industrialized world. That china complex part one on aljazeera a bit of a strange day to start the centrifuge we just heard to date a city of aleppo has fallen. Or should we say liberated. One of 4 astonishing stories toads and their own wives how did you know to trust them not to trust. A stranger came to town witness on aljazeera. Everything through the whole 5 years of political deadlock since the threats and referendum is still utterly divided will the general election all december thats both result anything that can Boris Johnson get the rx it done and where does the youth they go through media follow the u. K. General election on aljazeera. Hello im daryn jordan with a quick reminder of the top stories here on aljazeera u. S. President donald trump has thanked iran for the very thin negotiations that led to a prisoner swap between the 2 countries to iran release chinese american she where wang who faced spying charges after being detained in iran in 2016 in exchange the u. S. Released the iranian scientist Massoud Soleimani he was arrested at chicago airport last year for violating u. S. Sanctions on iran trump says the exchange could be a sign of future cooperation were very happy. Back to you all very