Confirmed it would mark a serious escalation supporters of the former president evo morales have been rallying since monday he was forced to resign over disputed Election Results aljazeera correspondent or i suppose in the palace and was caught up herself in the unrest. As a little. Bit of a leafy on i was just thrown tear gas by the police on purpose this is whats happening in the middle of a plateau where people have been protesting peacefully a Police Officer just threw tear gas on my eyes says extremely difficult to speaks very very sorry theres been protesters. Those dozens of Police Officers here they just threw tear gas at it right in my ass as passed through and through tear gas in my eyes theres been people protesting here trying to make it to the president ial palace and theyre seeing ongoing clashes with those who are defending abel morales the people are very very angry told the police they see him supporting what they say is a coup against the government of the morales many of them have even told us that theyd rather have a military government than have whats happening in libya right now with the police on the streets and the military on the streets but a woman that they believe is a racist theres been coming out some tweets that news published in the past where she talks about indians about what many of the people weve been seeing here protesting and talking about such as mama which the earth goddess and people here respect very much that we pallete flag which is also the indigenous plug while people here are very very angry with whats happening in this country they say that this is a coup and theyre demanding democracy they want elections right now on the big question is and this is something that the government has not been able to happen is when are elections going to take place in this country. Politicians in chile have agreed on a plan to pave the way for a referendum on a new constitution that was announced earlier friday it is aimed its pacifying the antigovernment protesters have been out on the streets for weeks. In america and for the scene human is out there too as well in santiago. And he hopes that in agreement for a referendum to draft a new constitution in chile what sort of the ease the tensions on the streets and the protests were premature there are still thousands of people again out on the streets some of them Holding Signs asking for the resignation of president. Others ridiculing the media like us with these little dances but basically whats happening is that people are not satisfied they dont trust their politicians they say they want to see the small print on that agreement that they also want to make sure that while they wait for a new constitution that deep deep Structural Reforms that theyre asking for in helping education pensions salaries take place now and not 2 years from now when presumably they will have a new constitution look at of the replace the one that was written under the pinochet dictatorship. One person has been killed by a bomb blast near a protest camp in Baghdad Security forces say the blast happened very square a focal point for the demonstrations that have gripped the iraqi capital for a month earlier another 2 people were killed at a different site and these 320. 00 people have been killed and thousands wounded since october the 1st and protests the broken out in iran after the government hikes the cost to fuel 50 percent the move prompted fears of rising inflation despite promising the revenue would go towards families in. Iraq today with the headlines here on aljazeera the documentary the caliph starts next. The caliphate. A form of rule in a slam. That lasted for almost 13 centuries. From the death of the prophet muhammad. To the overthrow of the last ottoman caliph in 1924. The arabic term for caylee 8th 95. 00 which actually in essence simply means a success at all or a deputy. The ruler of the islamic world would call himself clifford resort in law the success of gods message. Through the centuries. The title of color is a term that has been used. In the time abuse. In june 2014. A militant Group Calling itself the Islamic State in iraq and the levant or ice or. Declared the establishment of a caliphate. I call rejected by most muslims around the world. I so reached into the past to appropriate the title of caliph. The group claimed its leader abducted by the dead. As a descendant of the prophet muhammads own tried. To walk into an article for the show on a can of a flush. That could have been offered and out of the question now you should live there should be out there would be plenty maybe if youd have a look. This is the story of how the title of caliph began in the prophets tribe. And how 9 centuries later the title was used by people of a different race. How different dynasties rosenfeld. Ending with the decline of the ottoman caliphate. This is the story. Of the caliph. Saudi arabia. The holiest city. Was here in the spring of the year 571 that muhammad the prophet of islam was born into a family belonging to a tribe called. Well aged man and more covered less as im a fugitive i mean you know how to just get out of it. What i can that. Modifies the act well be that then ill be what i use gonna die if not im going to gamble up up. 61 years later. In medina the capital of the new Islamic States. In the problem of success and. One thing seemed clear to you kind of had to come from the prophets trying. They had the in front of a milk the i that i love being in a lefty had the. Lack in how the us and the other to have a shot of your own womb is a man in snow me. 30 feet in mud in one way and gun i dont but i must know buffy and all of that if you listen to him. For 300 years after the prophets death the kind of it remains strong. But by the mid 10th century. The most of the road had from. Divided now between 3 colors all 3 descendants of cornish. And centuries to come one by one. Each of those 3 kind of fits would crumble and fall. Short. Who are born. Out of the spain. Competent of the undersea into my youth kind of. Distance running the way you did history that drew from the mask. In the 7th and 8th century. The death of the 2nd count of ad hoc on a ship in the hof a century of chaos among members of his family. And 1031 the 9th and last minute callous the shan. Was forced to stand down. Im going to the most of the. A look on the board in the lobby what you know. Yes you know. Thats and im going to answer. You know full well. That out of. The. Yeah. Cross the mediterranean the 40 minutes in cairo also fell victim to better inform the in 102106 college attack. Mysteriously disappeared in the book at them hills outside his capital. His death almost certainly at the hands of his own family. Would be the start of the fact that its long claws. From the late 11th century onward. Is increasingly losing control of affairs and that the political and military elites are starting to take over the state. In baghdad. Bassetts are suffering a similar effect. By the middle of the 11th century. Missal jukes a rising turk in a city that seized control of the colors. Etc. I love the moon well in but out the lack in the 11 via let me. Why in the am i gonna shout son by law. The subject rulers were the 1st to take the title so tong. And arabic words meaning authority. And in the trials to come the defenders of islam. Would be sold tons of non arab birth. Platinum all fronts. The statue of pope urban the 2nd pointing east. In november 1095 from the city. He launched a Christian Campaign to recapture jerusalem in the holy land from the muslims. The crusades. Clear more was lent by the pope to. Be with you really so that his authority to declare will. Attend 96. The crusaders set out on arduous overland eastward journey. And. After 3 years of demanding travel and fierce battles. They finally reached their goal. Clinton july 10th 99 kristie and its captured jerusalem. Theres a major massacre. Jews dead even some eastern christian. Who the pins in recognizes christians died and the chroniclers from the crusaders perspective present this is vengeance for the blasphemy that these saracens had done to the jesus since holy city of jerusalem. For no ha century sturdier jerusalem had surrendered to the 2nd caliph of islam. But in 1099. As muslim saul to confront the marauding crusaders. A slam faced a burning question where was the caliph. Be about its at that point had no military thoughts which they could have sent the fall to the caliphate they had lost their syrian lands to. Local warlords so when they saw the crusaders coming in they probably were quite happy to see that these was up us were now facing a major problem with these clearly quite Strong Military contingency moving in from europe. Large areas of the levant were occupied. Divided by the christians into 4 distinct fiefdoms. But after half a century of crusaders success muslim slowly began to fight back. But it was not the caliphs were led the fight. Damascus syria. In the middle of the 12th century this city was the capital of the zinc its a turkish dentist founded by a magic. The governor of northern living. In 1144 he had secured the 1st muslim victory against the crusaders. Well with him out of the heart asked him out of the. Eleusinian we have an interest and that he intended. And to. Be and then to be in kenya. In 1146. Succeeded his father in the struggle against the crusaders and deliverance. 2 decades later he would be fighting over another crisis. One of the house of the so. Full of at him its all to me im in need of these inky and you say he dont he watch out so let me in such a set of ascended be sure to call what time he can mature of course a lot could be said. After 5 years im not so. Sure cole noted deans kurdish general succeeded both in defeating the crusaders and seizing control of the phantom its kind of. He was succeeded by his nephew salaheddine. The man known to the west side of the. So he thought that his political career as the was leader of the falcons so he had to acknowledge the supremacy of the father he kept the for 2 years. But in 1171. Is a lot switched his allegiance. Bringing an end to a ha centuries of the faults of its caliphate and declaring egypts loyalty to the op asa college but that is. Why so late in that this is but most certainly is that ive been had one problem that he had no legitimacy. So the main selling point for sale he didnt throughout his career was about. The cutting costs of jordan. One of the largest crusader forts in the levant. From this powerful position the crusaders began to harass muslim trade caravans. Threatening even money itself. So ive been unified to syria and egyptian Political Landscape and the only remaining. You would polities with it was say the states so it was natural for them to move again. In july 11th 87 here in northern palestine but the place known as the homes of. Some audience forces crushed the crusaders. 00. 00. 004 months later jerusalem surrender. This time not to an arab calif but to a kurdish soul clung. To some thought machine but can you make me feel beautiful if. And if allowed bessie. Life and. Let it be when it was leaving be shaken i am like a lot of different. Thank you to. The defeat of the team was a turning point for the crusaders. Driven back to a strip of my rainy and coastline. They consolidated their position with massive costs at strategic points like side and level. But just as this threat to the islamic world was subsiding. The danger of even greater proportions was gathering strength. This time. In beasts. An ancient school in back that. Built by the ambassador. It was part of a desperate effort to recapture the golden age of the early our best caliphate. In 1242 and most awesome succeeded his father as the 37th calif. But he would soon face a new danger of. The approach of the moment boards. Of the basins by the mongols overall was seen as the major turning point in the recent history and when the moments came there was a clear sense of. The way of holding things. They will continue to. Generate 1258. Among groups reached but then. Within 2 weeks they are past a cop its. Been brought to its knees. The caliph and the stasi. Execute. A great city rebuke sgt to cautious. A 500 year caliphate had come to an end. It was a moment that was but a watershed but also a confirmation of a situation which it actually existed for quite a long time. Some scholars of all get that it was of not any great significance because the real power of the apostates had faded away hundreds of years ago when they were just sitting around in that baghdads palace and that their existence had very little meaning for the majority of. Islam was now in peril. The only remaining hope was the new sotos of egypt the man who looks. Brought the slaves from central asia to form an army for the e. U. Bits. They had supplanted some other demons dentist. In september 1216 here at the in general in palestine. Remember the army but the mongols and bats. Was a decisive victory for the most. The man looks at save the muslim world. And their tenuous legitimacy. Was about to be strung. That was a member of the boston family who managed to escape from the slaughter in baghdad and make his way to cairo where the mamelukes of egypt subsequently recognized his descendents as kate lives in cairo and derive benefit in a scene from this kind of shadow puppet caliphate. Bolstered by the caliphs indorsement in 12 months he won. The man looks put an end to 2 centuries of christian crusades. Aker. The last crusade the fortress on the mediterranean was captured. Meanwhile in anatolia a new muslim power was on the rise. Of power which would carry the banner of islam to the gates of constantinople. In 629 during the life of the prophet muhammad. The 1st ever battle between muslims and by sun times took place here in. Southern jordan. Oh the fight ended with the muslims defeated and their withdrawal to medina. But the setback would be temporary. The great progress. As of constantinople still back. Is stumbled into the pavement f. And the miss that one alicia 50 how these letters costantini of an m. L. A. Meet him itll have any man. It can be stump you can only see the stumble to fit the bit. You read arab jargon for us of the 10th and 11th century constantinople is described as the apple the ultimate prize that someday muslims will win and often the taking a constant no pulis presented almost apocalyptic terms of something that will bring on the final victory of islam. That final victory would fall to the ultimate ends of turkic most im trying to emigrate from central asia to settle in i told. Them and they get these i want i have the wit to shut them out of my demon of it the protestant dynamic. Is that in a quarter to that yet. Then you stumble a little. In april 14th 53 minutes army siege to the great city. 7 weeks later the all timmons battle their way to constantinople. And as the victorious. Entered the city through this gate. An 800 year old prophecy has come to pass. This invalid importance was militant muslims and also for european christians suddenly one of the major capitals of christensen had become a muslim. To just as they tasted the fruits of victory. At the far end of the mediterranean. 800 years of the muslim civilization. Was about. To come crashing down. Joining me many often as i put up from questions to my special guest and challenge them to some straight talking political debate here on aljazeera. Im come on santa maria with another look at the headlines the u. S. President on trump is facing accusations of intimidation after attacking the latest impeachment witness on twitter while she was testifying before congress about a bitch was the u. S. Ambassador and ukraine trump is accused of pressuring ukraine to investigate his political rivals as we sit here testifying the president is attacking you or twitter. And id like to give you a chance to respond read part of one of his tweets everywhere maria on a beach when turned bad but would you like to respond to the president s attack that everywhere you went turned back i mean i cant speak to what the president is trying to do but i think the effect is to be intimidating. Bolivian Security Forces are reported to have shot several people dead if confirmed it would mark another serious escalation in bolivia supporters of the former president evo morales have been rallying since monday youll remember he was forced to resign over disputed Election Results and is now in mexico politicians in chile have agreed on a plan to pave the way for a referendum on a new constitution that was announced earlier on friday and is aimed at pacifying the antigovernment protesters have been on the streets for weeks and markets have reacted positively to the move with the chilean peso recovering from some historic lows one persons been killed by a bomb blast near a protest camp in baghdad it happened the attackers square earlier another 2 people were killed in a separate incident in the capital iraqs top shiite leader grand ayatollah Ali Al Sistani called for calm in his weekly sermon at least 320. 00 people have been killed and thousands wounded since october the 1st protests have broken out in iran after the government hiked the cost of fuel by 50 percent the move prompted fears of rising inflation despite teheran promising the revenue would go towards families in need iran has some of the worlds cheapest fuel prices due to heavy subsidies and the u. S. Court has blocked the execution of a black man just days before it was to be carried out 51 year old rodney reed had been convicted of the 996 murder of a white woman but the Texas Appeals Court says new evidence of his innocence must now be considered. The count of continues next on aljazeera the news hour in 25 minutes time. The alhambra. A muslim citadel callus. One of spains most famous spawning winds. For more than 2 and a half centuries this palace in granada was the scene of the most of. The last muslim dentist in the iberian peninsula. Now im back to sass a jack one door they dont pick on your a no not study. It up and if they dont then you had pulled a deal they say and fight to the court of the law but in about equal seconds he will not get ticked with a pickle might they enlist overseas if theyll notice with other tonight im begging. In the early 8th century. Muslims conquered most of the eye derian peninsula the province they called and that of sia. Her. The compering on me was on able to drive home their success. The remnants of the former rumors the physical fights took shelter in the mountains in the north. Of the cult but at the altar thats called a lot of you want to show that it is when you allow. The d. Day academy to bits of the e. C. Allotments the. Mountains of Northern Spain would become the cradle of new christian kingdom. Thanks. Kingdoms that would start a holy war not a complete stop to reconquer by barry and peninsula and end what they saw as muslim capacious. Last. Can. Laugh at its one of us or kind of look at them did anyone see. A little you can its a party to feed his body up. Look at that a gun and do 70 m. Hota hai no a minute no i mean the old no i mean its how dad hokum no i mean is that i said it. And 1031. 00 after the fall of deer made promises of quotable. Under the sea a broke up into several minor city states. Easy prey for the christian. Help was needed from across the mediterranean. America she. Founded the 11th century last couple of the more of. The sperber than esteem and the success of. The young ones crossed the sea to under the sea and to confront the threats from the spanish christian kingdoms. Done wonderful that i wanted to know is that it also if i dont know that the hut that we know thats a symbol to muddy will go to what in your feet does the see what you missed in the few minutes of those. Bugs oh heck if the let the hamburger was the whole jihad if you defend one enough you know that and then knows. The whole while the other one. More than a century that it. Was held at bay. Until the year 1212 when the christian kingdoms of custody. Are gone. Portugal united against them walking. Here east of cordoba. A battle took place which immortalized the name of this man for the. Last thomas thomas. Forces heavily defeated by the United States. And has money. Well i can. Go to the house of this wasnt going to be why they wanted to have the old guys you know if its out if. They wanted what the up. The. The in a few mock of the above i dont. Pristine forces continue to press south winds and by the late 13th century the muslim presence in spain was reduced to the tiny mustard kingdom of granada. Genesis. And its many who did what was team ready and made enough above couple who can also get the more i mean the guy thats why me to forget to disclose. How do you need the money idea to win with. This animal its a well its what. Youre doing at home mellon misdeeds is used as the white house. In 1491 united on these of the 2 christian monex green. And confront nondoing about a gong theyd siege to bring out the. Muhammad the 12th the not so its a long sentence desperate your quest for help. But this time there was no answer. Was. He. Come. In. With no sign of help appearing. In the city surrendered to the spaniards. Done on bought her. Son her. Coming. In january 14th 92. The spanish and 3 grown up. Going to compete stuff. Was complete. Then we sure. Got off. The scene and did a survey. Im a national couldnt x. Could not do well and passed by and a father for that i think. 1492. Marked the end of muslim rule in spain. Could. That same year Christopher Columbus arrived back in grenada. He broke news of his discoveries to sponsor. Isabel. Was about to open to the cross. While the muslims were about to start fighting each other over an old title. The count of. 1453. Istanbul. No longer called constantinople. Was made capital of the old time and. An empire that already made inroads into pristine europe. But the soul tom was remains lay here in this mosque of the difference from. Selim the 1st came to power and 1512. 5 years later he had toppled the mom looked in history in egypt and triple the size of the ultimate empire. When the ottomans conquer egypt taken from the man. They can claim to be protective of the holy muslim sites mecca and medina and they feel like in harry the mantle of being k laughs from shadowline of apostate cain ifs in cairo. So ponce you are one of those should you tell if you knew the truth to have been covered the stone wasnt right that it got it moved hard if it did it had to get it on really can get away that you stumbled but you dont. You could try to do it we could do it and hung its dirty trick or some kind of a lot of dumb. But it is the. The topkapi palace. Legendary residence of the mike to. See. It 1517. Tons awarded themselves another honor talking to. Some of. The most annoying centuries after the foundation of the kind of 6 there is. The title that slipped from the hands of arabs on the floor of. The prophet strong. The ottomans dont seem to have made a huge amount of being k. F. C. And whilst they did claim the title it was more of an honorific or something that indicated that they were 1st among muslim on. So the ottomans were not initially in the 16th 17th 18th century really claiming to be universal muslim really. Yet after a slow decline of 3 centuries. The successors of these great ottomans all tones. Were turned once again to the caliphate. In a desperate attempt to rescue their falling empire. The. Palace istanbul. The residence of savannah the honey the 2nd who came to the throne in 1876. He was a skilled carpenter. Crafted most of his furniture. But as he chiseled in plain the carpenter salt on was contemplating the gradual loss of territories. By the late 19th century. Much of the mighty Ottoman Empire was disappearing from the mouth. Of the yet well a couple he left at that but if but if it got to Jemaah Islamiyah and something thats monumental know joe oh how will. You add that what you thought of cricket at. The moment that the bonus money and the match. I didnt mean to be that. Bob just i mean cut them down or else funny i feel more to be of a but shes a cut the head need be you need not like hes just the onion and medina and the war. But those can. Use them as a model. But the still tons attempt to explode the spiritual power of the title kind of could not save. In 100009 after jaime was deposed. Mushmouth little shop was installed as the 35th socalled ottoman states. And go his coronation was mocked by lavish traditional sense of the use in truth he was powerless. Little fishies book is that he divided or smaller then let the they stay down all small a day that did it up the paths shouted out at me i may fade out it here because that that i keep good name is beautifully true that theyve got a deal by the committee you got it your. Sperm in november 1914. The ultimates entered world war one on the side of the central powers. Whole evil in the name of the colonists a war that refused this austria for the coming. On the other side of the treacherous western powers song im not sure. But if im camping in the caribbean monopoly on my neck and back and may summon monopolists not to. He went up. When he got it from going to how do you know my. Friend said that somebody had on with a hobby and what we thought of the men who survived. And to encourage the arabs to rise up in revolt. The british to return to the ancient power of the coliseum. In the person. Of my. Mad as shit for 700. 00 the super hornet ashcroft even i would know something the white. House and identified it as a hot. And humid. Day he had been in kidney of some of. The folks. In june 1916. What was called the Great Arab Revolt erupted in. A desert region in the west of what is now saudi arabia. Under the. Same sun. And with the advice and the help of a british officer. Lawrence. Forces of france northwards supported by the british one tacked on to from. Within 2 years in 1918 the joint forces had taken the whole of the levant and iraq. In october of that here an armistice was concluded. The ultimate suffered a humiliating defeat it. And july 19th 80. 4 months before the end before or one. A new super spring. He was to rule over what was left of the alterman empire. Virtually nothing anatolia and istanbul. But even this would soon be lost. Just 2 days after the end of the war french or british troops marched into lucky boy in the autumn and companies are. You and i told you it was divided between the western powers. To make it what do ya is it and they cant take this all responded that. Its going to show up in the things in the d. Other one of the bombs is still on that it has to look. Turkish nationalist resistance broke out. After 3 years of bloody fighting. The turks succeeded the brits and it took. Only a stumble was left occupied. And in it was a small town now if you would by nationalist turks as a traitor. Be taken to court to select a new cousin or was laid out there like that to follow it up leave their cards to save them not a bunch of the same instead of. The it up the shot shit is the shot i know as a monday signed. But i dont want to mustnt use them yet sunk in. That a caution given the steady lead. In on. On the 1st of november 19th 22. 00. The Turkish National assembly abolished the sultanate. 2 weeks later. Midway did. So tone and calif. Left the doma budget palace. The residence of ultimate rulers. Through this gate bound for exile. Optima geed the 2nd was chosen to hold the now largely symbolic tie to come. To the kitchen with a bomb since they got it down the aisle but that it that. The next civic need that they can order you push back on the damage the one you think call them will see the. B. S. That without all the bush and bush most all the money that had come for the knowledge of it are out there to be made. On the 3rd of march 19th 24. 00. The last vestiges of the caliphate were dismantled by the new turkish republic. The title of the university of islam. A title 13 centuries old. And been terminated by muslims themselves. To my jeep. The last autumn in color. Was sent into permanent. Washington dualists not me im a predator she had to move forward though no. One. Figured id almost. Be. One of the top of my. Before you jump. That high you feel india. The name your love. All over the call the call that all of the. State. Of the. Honey think that sure that. Theres the. Fear. That caylee is meant to be a universal figure who draws support from the misled community as a whole that is obviously not the case with a bucket and the fact that long historical record also shows that when people can gain broad based consensus that caliphates automatically becomes invalidate. The color for just such an extraordinary entity. As an outsider i wish that the islamic world like. Had something represent all that. Traditions of the Political Violence or civil war but about the other side of islam which im afraid the west doesnt really understand. The. Leak. Leak. Hello there some other persistent rain sitting across the southeast of the United States lots of cloudy can see here and still that very cold air coming down from canada so temperatures generally are below the average minus 2 intro. Mostly dry today just a degree above freezing in new york city on the child. And then. Working its way into the Northern Rockies and again some little bits and pieces of snow but not particularly heavy snow but its been unsettled couple of days in seattle 14 celsius on sunday 6 degrees in new york and this is sort of the trend but is beginning to warm up so saturday is a cool day into the sunny skies look at this by the time we get to monday it will be malda still cooler than the average but that mild weather does come im afraid with that want to shot across the caribbean as well fairly widespread quite scattered as you can see but it does mean mass on the palm has a 26 day with those showers and then the rain fairly extensive through much of Central America and still very unsettled into southern areas of mexico so showers into mexico city staying that way with sunday but it does clear away from the yucatan peninsula an issue be a better day and fine and dry in havana. The corinthians take hundreds of followers to a tropical paradise. One o one a student instigates the secretive sect accused of abuse and violence in fiji. On aljazeera. An investigation into the real powers that control the World Health Organization their obligation to their shareholders completely overwhelms any consideration of Public Health can they be trusted with building a healthier future if their loyalty becomes questionable reason of People Better to be h one n one porsche is it getting much difficult like you now a w h o has this chaz who says dont trust that you trust tool on aljazeera. This is aljazeera. Hello from joe harvey well im come all santamaria with another news hour from aljazeera. I have the right to speak i have freedom of speech just as other people do. Not trump is accused of attempting to intimidate the former ambassador to ukraine and she testifies that the impeachment inquiry. Hour up also in the news no letup in the public fury even