Hello and welcome again to rewind summary when we launched aljazeera english more than 10 years ago our goal was to bring you the source of documentaries are the channels simply werent doing here on rewind we revisit some of the best of them and find out how the stories of moved on and today were returning to a film which had a major impact on young lives and changed the way a Global Business was developing tourism it is one of the biggest drivers of the Global Economy in 2018 it was worth nearly 9 trillion dollars making up more than 10 percent of the worlds gross domestic products. After emerging from more than 2 decades of war in the 1990 s. Cambodia has relied heavily on tourism to rebuild its economy its one of the Top Destinations for young travelers many of whom sign up with global volunteering companies but theres a dark side to this story war breeds all thins and back in 2012 Investigative ReporterGiuliana Rufus went on to cover to find that well intentioned tourists were unwittingly fueling the exploitation of children at poorly regulated orphanages from the people in policy areas this is cambodias off a business. Numpad the capital of come by. Between the 1970 s. And 1990 s. Cambodia was ravaged by civil war. Since its return to peace there has been a boom in tourism with over 2000000 visiting every year. Came to help this war torn country increasing numbers of tourists and now also working as one until. Most come with the very best intentions to work in schools and orphanages and filling a gap left by a lack of development funding. But recently disturbing stories have emerged that come boden children are being exploited by some of the companies organizing volunteers or running over from agencies weve come to come by yet to investigate allegations that try to few of these orphanages are rotten not for need but for profit. Our journey begins on the outskirts of jumpin at an orphanage and school for the peoples improvement organization. Set up 10 years ago it provides Free Education for children who worked on the citys main garbage dump. Was that. They. If theres an example of best practice in this industry then perhaps this is it means now that. The book from denmark has come to teach for 2 months. So has it been so far i really like that its so clean i can do whatever i want and they come in my pants like that everybodys really friendly and the kids are really respectful and they really care they give a lot. In a deprived neighborhood p. O. s making a difference to organize pullen tearing in foreign donations. Its founder pam and newman explains how past conflicts have contributed to the estimated 10000 children in orphanages all they have children and they are so poor and they are abandoned them sometimes they just come to drop in from the door and they leave we dont know where they from these people why would a parent leave their child here on the doorstep while he will often at. Yad do know they. Cannot afford to take care and also on some family they want but to go to school but they cannot afford. There are now almost 500 off images encumber a figure that has doubled in the past decade. Some like p i o rely on foreign volunteers for skills and labor but the vast majority used volunteer ng to generate income. We find one of them the lighthouse orphanage on the other side of town. The. Sinking. Lighthouse is home to 108 boys and girls ranging from 3 to 18 years old and. They request that we donate some food for the. When to eat you get good food sometimes too you struggle i can say my spirit in your hometown a. B. C. Got me n. P. O. Yet so you need to nations from volunteer mr ritchie is responsible for bringing volunteers to light house and hes found a way of increasing revenues. Fuel from the edge is not just hosting get volunteers but groups of School Students on short term stays to just now a group of canadians are visiting in their downtime to students get to play with the children. And over the past week some special friendships have developed even the teachers are not immune and they say i dont know. Dealing with a kid is going to have to just lay down here and you know one of these little guys walks up and grabs your hand you have no choice but to sort of follow up with them so they. And that its pretty awesome. As canadian simple from stroke closer not just good will but a lot of money is flowing into the orphanages to. Be supplied. The labor probably bought the tiles the sand the compost so we sent out about 5000. 00 ahead of time and then i brought a few 100. 00 with me so we bought some rice them which id call work and go to a water pump to keep the garden going so. Kind of give them a little happiness today with their shopping and all this is a huge amount of money in a country where the average wage is 65. 00 a month what they will never know is whether all of it will be used for the benefit of the children. We knew from various reports that in a number of cases a huge influx of stone of money has attracted unscrupulous Business People to open orphanages for the wrong reasons. To find out more and geo puts us in touch with conti and young chante who grew up in an orphanage. When the donors discovered that the director had been stealing the money donated for the children the orphanage was closed down. And john t. Take us to see their old home to tell us about the reality. Wilsons lives hidden from the eyes of volunteers. But happy again. He enjoyed the. Open palm of the big the ground well. I guess. You know why you know. Why didnt you tell the volunteers out was going on but that i am with you. On that will get at me and. My mail paddling at least so long enough that i came out in the. Palm grove with her. Now all men are away when i. Come says he still suffers spouts of depression he works in 2 different restaurants for just 3. 00 a day. John t 2 says hes still effective and he now has a regular job at the airport but not everyone from the orphanages fan so well. John t. Introduces us to china who lives on the streets. And states he was not. Highly in the area. But im in my book but what one can detain but. Barely speaks. But the foot in japanese. Is a. Small chronicle back in full. Time fatima duffy pathname me and my red hair hold up the hat i think back on what might look like the family and body. But its not just the combo. Things in charge of orphanages who are accused of taking advantage of the money flowing into that voluntourism has become a Global Industry and with Foreign Companies tapping into the potential profits true. We need us trail now demi jackson is who has volunteered in cambodia for the past 3 years and her experiences have made a jaded about the industry that really led to a lot of our nature is there that the things that drive them behind the scenes that you would just see coming in fast time demi explains that volunteers like her book this stays in cambodia for International Commercial volunteering Companies Based outside the country and. Her 1st visit in 2009 was through projects abroad one of the largest in the world. Volunteering comes at a cost and demi surprised how little money actually goes to the local orphanage is a program my doctor once told me they get tired all the same way. Here. That you know partakes of what you pay up to 3000. 00. That you get tired the other way so what youre saying is about a 100. 00 a week for legal match if you have 10 people say that fallacy do you think that sets that. Lot of money there. And i just a moment the. Thing that really high from. Shisha is an ngo that investigates allegations of exploitation of children in orphanages and its one of the few places where volunteers can voice their concerns here and. I know from you know im giuliana. Ehrenstein my working on a case about an orphanage called the childrens Umbrella Center organization or cuckoo brought to them by former volunteers. So these are the you know complaints that we did get from the. Volunteers really clearly stated what their concerns were. The abuse the children missing the director was openly saying that he did want to adopt the children out for a price about 10000. 00 which is which is extremely concerning for the show as well the doctrine is illegal in cambodia. There are allegations of physical abuse or food standards so the kids were looking hungry it was open sewage the boys were sleeping under smaller roof in the roof is leaking so this place is Getting International volunteers going is ations do you know who these organizations are well suited for one word of volunteering really interested right and this is dating back to literally one pretty much one year ago. She should took the allegations to the competent government to send in there examined in november 2011 and january 2012. Has been inspected twice by the ministry of social affairs and they found the conditions step holding him back very happy but they would close the gulf and its down if it doesnt stop complying with the minimum standards. To avoid devising suspicions we go in on the cover its volunteers wearing hidden cameras. And. Well were greeted by saying that so few orphanages fire on the. Scene it is keen for us to start teaching straight away. And let them i mean thats one. Thing that i have never gotten any teaching and. Then. I have a. Tease. Having simply walked off the street we are now teaching an english class then there is a seemingly endless amount of playtime. Many of the children are hyperactive and will demand constant attention to it it is nice. To see tells me how he was kind of sticking to. That he said folks out there there is no longer. The kids of color nothing to do it was she was told point. When seen it returns he shows us the childrens rooms only half of the beds have mattresses on the sidewalk so hold it on the out ill only say i dont know what is the metal these other conditions the government inspectors all scheme to improve on is that i would sooner i was out here now render an income now is that right neil white focus was a lot of good will out of love for that you have privately they have had to do is a lot of people here. In the middle of the courtyard we also see the open sewer report to see sure. There are accusations that cynic uses the childrens misery to generate donations whether or not this is truth he certainly doesnt seem to make any effort to meet the governments minimum standards. Before we leave cinna tries to get money out of us again i have it was a whole can do you have was a gold mine was her real mary was i knew her i was im. Cold and i was. Ready you know sometimes i go on that im on the right. Things a cuckoo up bad. But in the evening we learn that they can get even worse. Cambodia has become a target for child sex offenders and one to come investigate such cases for an n. C. O. Called acciona for his own home and. Hes deeply concerned that some volunteer placement organizations fail to ask volunteers to undergo criminal record checks this is the very highly useful and moving children who are living in. This guy you know hes an american guy and he came to come boy it through Fried Chicken broth he would in no penetrate hospital shockingly this man dr James Dagostino had originally come to come both yes frugal in tearing with projects abroad and at the time here also brought 3 on the boys and one and all to leave in the buying records rented recently and according to the statement from the boy he appears the boy on multiple occasions in another case a british p a file nick griffin had opened his very own orphanage and abused boys then. Both men were found guilty and comes out in courts and sentenced to jail terms of 4 and 2 years respectively we return to cuckoo to follow up on the single most serious allegation that some of the children have gone missing from the orphanage. Stepping in to our surprise a dutchman has arrived. Im funfair with us i am also the same thing really so i guess there are no hours from your face other people who are all the travelers that has that part. Of their success partly. In feel that wherever we turn we keep hearing about projects abroad to our amazement he tells us projects abroad never asked him for a criminal background check which he would have had to agree to under dutch law. When we go looking for direct as soon as we find him at the back. But. We want to test how serious he is about protecting his orphans by asking him if we can remove some of the children. Then run. For everyones safety weve asked the social worker to join us we tell sinnett shes a friend and interpreter we wanted her to. Do this afternoon to see if we can take some of the kids to have a little toy or. A plum pen and im already king of the nation maybe you havent. Seen it is actually getting us to choose between the children. And minutes later we leave with full of them. Never once have we been asked for identification. This is actually totally crazy ciena just allowed us to pick up 4 kids from his often actually they now gone out and we could just drive off with them. We knew from seizures investigations that the children are from the north east of the country but the paperwork at the orphanage was fabricated and their birth parents could not be traced here and well see. The sad reality is that even if the government would come to the rescue of these children they could never be reunited with their families. During our time income we have heard a lot about projects abroad now it was time to find out more. Projects abroad had a turnover of over 24000000. 00 u. S. Dollars in 2010 that made over 3000000. 00 u. S. Dollars profit and paid a dividend of 1000000. 00 to the 2 directors. I asked projects abroad why they continue sending their volunteers into orphanages that are so clearly failing the children and why theyre putting children at risk by not asking all the volunteers for criminal background checks the company declines an on camera interview but tells us in writing that cuckoo receives 50. 00 per month for every volunteer they say that even if the allegations against kuku were correct it would be better for the children in the orphanage to have better volunteers on the ground they also claim that since 2010 they do criminal background checks on the over thirtys and that for those younger they require a written reference from a School College unnamed referee. When we put our allegations to sin had the director of cuckoo he denied them all. Most volunteers decide on visiting cambodia with nothing but good intentions and until things improve the country and its people are said to benefit from sharing qualified skills. But most volunteers also arrive fire an increasingly commercial system and before leaving home its worth investigating who really stands to profit from their present. Cambodias often business a film which played a major pass in increasing the understanding of the potential dangers of volunteerism well im very pleased to say that were joined here in the studio by the filmmaker herself Julianna Rufus lovely to see you giuliana you were one of the 1st people to report on this internationally how did you even come across a story like this im actually quite interested in psychology and i was attending a conference on trauma and it was a global conference and there was a psychologist sociologist from cambodia and shed been working on that issue because a lot of the children were damaged psychologically and she told me about it and i thought it was astounding that this really wasnt an issue that were. Known about it will tell us about the children he met there 1st of all we use the word all they all technically what we would believe to be orphans yeah i mean that was really the 1st thing that i was interested in the vast majority of the children in these socalled orphanages actually do have parents and they there are people who go around and who effectively recruit these children they say to the parents that the children are going to get great education that theyll be in touch with lots of best westerners and the parens allow them allow these recruiters to take the children and then they get put into these again orphanages and effectively some of these orphanages are a money making machine and do the children actually get to see the benefits of any of that money or a lot of the children really damage their damage firstly because theyre being taken away from their parents and then secondly a lot of them and you can actually see that in our film they have what is called an attachment disorder so that they continuously get attached to a new person a new volunteer plays with them show us them with affection and then leaves very quickly im trying to imagine what what you went through in that actually i know its about the children but i mean thats a thats a very emotional things ago as for where this story really got me is when we tried to take some of the children out for a day out and what we tried to demonstrate is really the complete neglect of tear it was just he was just allowed to do it this is the thing you could get him in ordinary because were good actually its a country that has a well known problem with child abuse especially paedophilia that is foreigners Foreign Tourists for socalled tourists again coming in and abusing children so the idea that we could take these children out without any supervision was quite astounding and that is really the thing that hit me i was so focused on. Will this happen can we take the kids out that when we finally said with these kids in the car it was actually quite emotional because we had this sense of the driving of with them in a car and we could have done absolutely anything to these kids and when you did take the children out of the orphanage you had a social worker with you round yeah you can actually see in the film and the social worker she was there for 2 reasons firstly to protect the children and to make sure that theyre safe and comfortable and she helped translate but secondly it was also to actually protect us because we were aware that we were making what could be a very controversial film and we were worried about future allegation accusing us to have done something incorrect with the children so she was there also to make sure that we were safe in that sense and whats happened since what as far as tightening up the laws. We can talk about the government but what about the actual images themselves are they still operation like this yeah they were actually quite a few responses to this so firstly on an International Level the awareness has really grown so astray i would say is as a country a leading example because they have actually made the trafficking of children into orphanages illegal theyve theyre describing it as a modern form of slavery and so thats the International Response then income budgets self the authorities have reacted to some degree theyve shut down some of the orphanages and theyve worked with International Agencies like the u. N. And and also International Organizations to close these orphanages down and and actively reunite the children from orphanages with the families where possible but also and this was particularly important to me some of the companies that run voluntourism schemes have to sided to abandon the sending of untrained volunteers into orphanages jillian its been fascinating talking to you really great thanks for coming in thank you for having me. Broad the company which you saw in that film say they no longer work in orphanages they say they now work with Community Based projects which means working with children still living at home well that is it for this edition of rewind to check us out online at aljazeera dot com for more films from the series and updates from the aljazeera and well see you again next time. Rewind to tangs with a new scenery and brand new updates on the best of how to see this documentary by the compelling onion the onion the features but the heart of the home city rewind continues with losing louisiana was once a thriving community. Boards but later in the above downtown leave all right on the southern tip of the museum it lies supply 30 feet below us on aljazeera. A team of chinese scientists embark on a garing deep sea mission searching for rare results and new speccy one when its produced chinas underwater 0. Come out of the mission opposite of. The taliban claims responsibility for 2 bombings in afghanistan that have killed at least 46 people. Elephant oh how everyone im Kemal Santa Maria this is the world news from aljazeera Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu his future at stake as israeli voters head to the polls for the 2nd time in less than 6 months. To force johnson break the law when he shut down parliament until mid october