Impurities in there other gases we need to get rid of those so that when we measure the radio carbon content we just are measuring the c o 2 gas radiocarbon dating literally relies on the fallout from the events that took place from 1952 to 1963. 1 fire. Above ground atomic testing between the United States in the soviet union we basically doubled the radio carbon concentration in the atmosphere and what does that mean then for organisms when you have a spike in radio carbon in the atmosphere what it did do is give them all the unique chemical fingerprint in their tissues all these photosynthetic organisms trees grasses that sort of thing are taking in c o 2 some of it having carbon 14 in it and in the animals that eat that then also take on that radio carbon signature look there it is you can actually see its freezing down on the. Right side so now were going to do is torch it off and have the final the final product. Is from bring this to them and you do this individually for each sample yeah this is its time consuming its so you want to wear these to to watch this awesome mist so this is just a regular methane torch but not to be done at home and we try to warm the glass. All around that its sort of like. Holding soft serve. And its unique. And now you can see. Theres our c o 2 right there thats thats the frozen c o 2 from an elephant heading for radio carbon analysis after you know receives the radio carbon content of a piece of ivory he can match it against the bomb curves a record of atmospheric levels of c 14 before and after the atomic testing era the radio carbon dating and by every could be used to verify the age of ivory being sold on the legal market as antiques but heres the bottom curve and i call this left side before 963 the rising limb so the tusk is imprinted with the radio carbon concentration from that year so we can then go and measure that radio carbon concentration and say ok its for example 1. 3 and that allows us to draw a horizontal line across the bottom curve here and you can see it actually intersects it into place lights to have 2 answers it could be 1960 or it could be 1080 so the way to do this is to sample part of the test that you know is older and in the part of the house you know it is younger and compare the relative radiocarbon concentrations and just fit them back onto this curve so if the older one has a higher concentration in the younger has a lower then youre on this falling limb of the bomb curve november 2013. Canadian authorities learned that a pair of tusks are being offered by this toronto based auction house as antiques suspecting the tusks are not as old as the sellers claim authorities confiscate them and turn them over to. Buy david a pair of tasks clearly showing his elephant was poached after the law went into effect and the auction house went to court and pleaded guilty now you know and collaborator turi serling have teamed up with wasser to apply this technique to investigate trends in the International Trade in illegal ivory since the International Ban african countries have been stockpiling confiscated ivory occasionally they destroy some of it but much of it remains sitting in government warehouses so they have huge stockpiles on the order of 100 or 120 tons in some of these nations there so theyre sitting on this ivory waiting for the day that the International Market opens. Its current poaching hotspots are shut down the next major source for ivory could be the stockpiles and radiocarbon dating would help confirm it to what extent do you wrestle with despair at the situation and to what extent do you embrace hope and there have been some seizures where i got to say you know when we pulled them out and started rinsing in often the blood was pouring out that we were just sitting there in tears i mean you know that that has happened but you know you get. Used to it and and then you start getting these breakthroughs and so no i feel like you know weve got a plan i feel like were making an impact and thats really what drives me. To steps of d. N. A. Techniques that you talk about that practice has been done for a long time to maybe track the origin of the disease what took him so long to get through tracking down poachers you know weve used d. N. A. Techniques to understand populations of lots of wildlife were using it within the context of conservation a lot more now. Its still a fairly new field so there was a time when ivory was used in canada keyes and believe it pools and now its illegal but why is the market still so robots the main markets are in china and then actually the United States is the 2nd largest player here part of whats driving that is that there are some communities in the us that really value ivory iris you mostly find it as an ornamental carving its very beautiful when its polished and carved and it carries a sort of status because of its value so theres still a pretty high demand now there is a crisis unfolding on the coast of california from san diego up to San Francisco and beyond the sea lions are leaving their natural ocean habitat and wandering up on shore even sometimes in peoples yards and streets well i joined a ride on my we were literally rescuing sea lion pox the story is crazy some of its heartbreaking and its coming up to. This punk named johnny cash is making a run towards the open ocean with a satellite transmitter tied to his back he might hold the on says to a sad epidemic among californias coastline. There are plenty of highways to hug californias ocean shores and hes 90 freeway isnt one of them the sight of a baby seen in a quarter of a mile inland is unsettling. But in 2015 its not that unusual according to local News Agencies the creatures are stranding starving and apparently dying in record numbers this year along the coast the images tell a hunting story well we have seen spikes in recent years the 2015 is already off to an unusually start the headlines paint a picture of an epidemic of sick pops in desperate search of food but whats really going on is more complex. Tekno went to the san diego headquarters for a federal agency that studies the oceans far on says whats happened in the last 2 years is the waters in the northeast pacific have warmed up way beyond anything where youre still and according to noah a warm up ocean off Southern California has made it hard to financing sea lions to forage and as a result the pups are not getting enough nourishment el nino is an event scientists have seen several times but this years temperature is a quite different whats really different is that the waters in the North East Pacific warmed up over a year ago and usually that warming occurs after the only no developed in this case preceded the ocean warming impacts the food chain from the bottom up as upwelling wins a causing deep water currents typically rife with cold water nutrients to secularize up mostly nutrient depleted warm water so when you talk about nutrients what is that that biologic material in the deep ocean gets remember allies tend to work in organic nutrients and so the upwelling them keeps that cycle going so how does it affect the top of the food chain the whole food chain gets depressed a lot of the those fish species that could move have moved northward and a food source theres a lot less than we had last year and the evidence can be seen daily all along the california coast from san diego to San Francisco in san diego sea world the company which face public heat for. Has taken a public role in sea lion rescue efforts. Its really a new thing i think is a lot writing yeah this how long do you feed them for typically it will be 2 painting for about 12 days and about 5 days they have gained enough strength to actually start showing some interest again a question and they will start taking water to the sea lions at 1st admitted to an almost tree asure like setting the pups to fed a special protein which formula up to 200. Feedings a day take place behind the scenes we have to gradually rename on it because their bodies havent seem fresh and they cant process it properly they have to show it to us that they can are fully process 3. 00 to 5. 00 pounds of fish per day which is what they would require to maintain their weight before we stop to feeding brands to it observe sea lion health at sea wilds Nonprofit Research on. So in studying their habitats you able to get a better idea of whats happening in terms of Global Climate change and food seem to have vanished for some reason the question is whether thats a sign i think of long term Climate Change the bigger issue is are these little intensive answered were saying recently going to become more common as climate generally changes according to the National MarineFisheries Service is the west. As rescued pups are returning starved again is the most historically busy year ever of this argument 2500 sea lions are stranded in california this year alone in the 1st 12 weeks that were into the year marine biologists and executive director of the Pacific MarineMammal Center a key from a toss a the scene is told. There are actually 6 months old coming into us under birthweight thats all start there the other difference in this year that we didnt see in 20132014 is that were now seeing a lot of adults coming in that are very me seated very star you can see every bone in their body and thats a difference from the last 2 years metacity and his team east satellite Titan Technology to understand why this is happening tagging sea lions is so new to these pups the Research Pioneers and we want to make sure that the animals that were putting back out into the wild during this unusually bad rush and making it tagging happens fast as i learned watching johnny cash get his device he spent 2 months gaining 25 pounds and is a worthy candidate here for you know that about you your get the sandwich on if hell leave the edges where were going further somewhere in the back of that not secure a good think you are going to tighten up the back it will be good this year several sea lions return to metastases rehab starving once again but rescue center is along the coast compiling satellite tagging days. This hype that johnny cash and his newly released friends who beat the odds and look the line toward survival rather than the stranding. Will hopefully then not risk tannys and may live and long happy life thats the plan and thats whats going to help them were going to see them out on the rocks in 9 or 10 years when you begin healthy and. I work a lot of behavior in my research and what i found really fascinating about this is what is causing this behavior of the pups arches going in a little bit from shore theyre going miles are going on this long journey in there so something evolved in them that the changing climate is just messing with their their innate response to temperature its more could it be just utter desperation right i mean if you reach a certain level of lack of nutrition does that suddenly kick in some sort of in instinct to just go where ever necessary to find something i mean because of see the temperature is it a the food that they normally feed on has moved somewhere and started the seed im pops of starving and they are cold and get my they are absolutely desperate thats just thats really heartbreaking each of tonights stories showed problems with the environment but more importantly we got to meet some very smart folks trying to solve them thats it for todays episode be sure to check us out next time here on techno dive deep into these stories and go behind the scenes at aljazeera dot com slash techno follow our expert contributors on Twitter FacebookInstagram Google plus and more. Explores prominent figures of the 20th century and how and why buoys influence the course of history. Did not get enough credit for it in the bucket if you want to be the big historical figure but he was mandela the biggest called in the world the prisoner. And the president who came together to end up apartheid in south Africa Nelson mandela and f. W. De klerk briggs to free obviously. We have a Newsgathering Team here that is 2nd term and theyre all over the world and they do a fantastic job when information is coming in very quickly all at once youve got to be able to react to all of the changes and aljazeera we adapt to them. My job is is to break it all down and we help give you understand and make sense of it. 0. What guarantee ready do you give to the people who will be attending the minimal workshop we listen im supposed to explain apologize for someone who is also terrorizing we meet with global newsmakers and talk about the stories that matter. I have been looking at your Instagram Account and reading takes into the atmosphere behind the scenes this is a dialogue when donald trump announce his candidacy for president after them everyone has a voice the best chance for democrats to beat donald trump is to nominate an exciting inspirational callus mother nominee joining the global conversation in your thoughts get to twitter and you to find out is iraq. Downs thrives here every day generations of tibetans continue to be abrasive need to their Cultural Heritage its a reminder of who they are and whether. This is a suburb of the capital new delhi so the refugees here since 964. Have been defined as migrants are not refugees because india hasnt signed up to the 1951 Un Convention on refugees so tibetans here have been able to access the Indian Welfare system so they become selfsufficient setting up a business says and looking for work independently but for some its not enough. Cross border violence along the line of control which we india and pakistan is india against to ease restrictions and the disputed kashmir region. Show here this is out there a lie from doha also coming out or protests at hong kong on both sides of the territories political divide. The us issues a warrant to seize an Iranian Oil Tanker despite sure bolters decision to release the vessel. And the push to save the Worlds Largest land mammal attention turns to vietnam and the global effort to preserve the elephant. And his Defense Ministry says one soldier has been killed along the disputed line of control with pakistan explaining pakistan for carrying out mortar attacks on villages around was sure this latest escalation comes 2 days after several soldiers from both sides were killed in that incident came as authorities and in administered kashmir say theyve started to lift some restrictions imposed nearly 2 weeks ago now when the regions autonomy was revoked they say the easing of the lockdown includes the reconnection of phone services in some areas for the 1st time in 50 years the Un Security Council held an emergency session to discuss the kashmir crisis mike hanna has more from new york on that meeting the 1st such meeting in almost 50 years. Russias representative pointed out he was born in the year the Security Council last minute to formally discuss what was listed on the agenda as the India Pakistan question i was going to 71 so. I dont know well see sometimes its better not to touch upon certain issues the meeting lasted just over an hour and in the absence of any joint statement chinas ambassador outlined the position of his country alone because many used to should be resolved to properly through peaceful means in accordance with the u. N. Charter development Security Council resolutions and Bilateral Agreements this represents the international. Communitys consensus the indian ambassador quick to argue that china was claiming consensus when none exists insisting that any resolution lies not in International Mediation but in bilateral discussion as set out in the summer reached with pakistan in 1972 we are ready to edges these issues in a manner that states who have normal approaches to international ties should address them. And in our case we are committed to the same leg limit its now for pakistan to make that commitment to stop terror to start ducks. Pakistans ambassador made clear her country would continue to press for greater u. N. Involvement claiming the meeting itself as a victory in this process the fact that this meeting took place is testimony to the fact that this is an internationally recognized dispute there was an effort to stop this meeting from convening. And we are grateful to all 15 members of the u. N. Security council for the greens to having this meeting. But in recent days protesters have gathered outside the u. N. Building demanding greater International Involvement in the crisis and calling on the u. N. To enforce its own resolutions on the kashmir dispute the lack of consensus in the Security Council a bleak response offering only the possibility of another 50 year wait before the matter is taken up again Mike Hanna Al JazeeraUnited Nations. Lets talk more about the cross border violence on the line of control between the 2 countries as we mentioned at least one indian soldier has been kill joins us live now from new delhi what else do we know about what happened. Weve spoken to a senior official in the ministry of defense here in india and he said that one indian soldier was killed in the firing that began early this morning the indian official said that pakistan has once again violated the cease fire and said that the Indian Forces were continuing to retaliate which means that the fire is on as we speak of a shell other than that of national salut. Fighting that took place day before in which pakistan claimed it had to give 5 indian soldiers as fictitious so the indian official said that in the firing day before during that cease fire violation no indian soldier had actually been killed it remains to be seen how far this episode will escalate however a cease fire violations are pretty regular in this region of course at the moment the situation between the 2 neighbors is pretty tense for ceasefire violations are pretty regular other than that in the valley Indian Officials said that in some areas restrictions on landline phones have been lifted many restrictions have been lifted in general where they wont many analysts have said and we reported they werent really in force to that that severely ever however in the valley in somebody else conditions have been lifted but only on landline phones not on cellular phones and they didnt government to said they would take a call later depending on how the situation develops on act what stays to lift those restrictions there has been some movement of ease in some areas of scene of a like civil lines which is where the whos who live but as far as most parts of the valley a concern that the streets continue to be that are and im sure with the latest for us in new delhi thank you. Scary action now from pakistan osama bench evaded. Pakistani administered kashmir so what are you hearing from where you are about what happened with this soldier. In pakistans capital islamabad right now the foreign minister sharman was pretty good a spokesman for the Pakistan Military is holding a joint News Conference that was after consultation in a high level meeting which included the director general of focus on the damage agency the director general of the operations the president of pakistan and mr sweden all stakeholders in pakistan including the president of going to adults of the region being stakeholders came together after the United NationsSecurity Council meetings deliberating on what is going to be pakistans plan of action what steps pakistan should think the Prime Minister tweeting that hes. From the United NationsSecurity Council holding this session the closed door session that it held the meetings to internationalize the issue and after 54 years of silence from the United NationsSecurity Council this is the 1st time that the sun has heard that the United Nations is going to take this not so far we have not heard anything from the United Nations on practical and concrete steps that might be involved but there are already u. N. Security Council Resolutions that exist on this issue and this News Conference a bit after this meeting a Pakistani Military spokesman has said that pakistan does not want to take any steps that would jeopardize the. Visit we have been hearing reports and that pakistan this planning something across the lines drawn he also said that there have been reinforcements that have been said to them sent to the line of control in case there is a false flag operation or any misadventure from the indian side but pakistan saying that it will be going to the International Capital and continue to fight the kids for me right now that has done since this crisis began already some advantage of a life for us on this offer but thank you. Thousands of pro and antigovernment protesters are turning out for rallies in hong kong they are the 1st major demonstrations since the airport was shut down after china mobilized Security Forces at the border and shuns in protest organizers from hong kong civil human rights front are confident their demonstrations will be peaceful what we have to show is to do well want even to the ongoing government that we hope people can do it and that will be snapping be sustained and space thats we hope people will not get into the track of bellamy joins us live near the progovernment rally in hong kong looks like a pretty significant crowd how much of a factor has the weather been because at least the pictures that were saying once like its quite a sizable crowd. Well certainly the weather has not been a factor to people away from this rally and i you can see behind me is just the way the bus to me made into this rally so certainly the organizers will be proud of the showing now the banner of this rally his safe home. Course of the police many people he spoke to here saying that they were against the violence that has been unfolding on the streets. Over the past few weeks and that they are also against the horror of the government and kerry maam they do anything negative ever. They say that with violence nothing can. Read. And they say that they have actually very defiant tone was the prodemocracy protesters saying that those are radical elements that are probably supported by some Foreign Countries so back i say it is a huge huge. Show way with tens of thousands of people im i look at this direction and i can see many more continued coming here. All right hota thank you very much Andrew Thomas has more from unauthorized rally in hong kong. Tens of thousands of people are marching from a paulk on the cowling side of hong kong harbor to a metro station about a kilometer away this one has been authorized by the place entirely peaceful so far on saturday but on previous weekends weekend off the weekend process that began like this early during saturday and sunday flights were in the day time much more violent and the place come in with take gas rubber bullets and bean bag rounds as well people have been seeing these images of Security Forces building up in shenzhen on the chinese mainland sawing of the border with hong kong but they dont think that china is seriously considering sending those purity forces into home for that would be completely ripping off the one country 2 systems why the home from has been doubled since going on 7 of what they think is that that is about scare tactics trying to persuade people in hong kong that china is prepared to send his Security Forces if necessary but i dont think biting is anywhere near that yet and it would be a huge step for beijing to say there is also a progovernment pro beijing rally happening elsewhere in hong kong today but this is just one of 3 happening on the other side. On the saudi moroni coalition in yemen has ordered separatists or took over aid in last week to withdraw their forces from the port city the back separatists have repeatedly said they wont leave the capturing of the city created a rift in the coalition which has supported yemens internationally recognized government in aden. So amman is director of office of Foreign Affairs of the Southern Transitional council in new york he says the Southern Separatist forces are the only group that can protect the interests of the people of aim. The Southern Transitional council right now is the. Only Security Force over there thats actually. Protecting the people. All their aspirations and they are compelled to act i mean the legitimate government is. Incompetent i mean and how many countries