Syria is weve ended up with coalitions of a Major International power a local government or 2 and nonstate actors all working together in a fighting force on the ground so in russia you had russia the Syrian Government has below and various groups on the ground facing rebel groups the United States gulf supporters and sometimes turkey so these coalitions on both sides fighting each other you have the same thing in yemen and you have this now happening in every in libya youre starting to see it and theres direct not only direct involvement and western and russian and turkish and other of iranian other foreign governments not just supplying arms and but theyre actively fighting on the ground with their troops with their artillery units with their special forces and with their air forces its quite an extraordinary situation of all out warfare all combining states nonstate actors and foreign powers and theres nobody who can do anything about this so the thats the long answer to your question which is that governments are not particularly shamed by being named the only thing that really matters to them as if theres some serious legal action thats taken to actually do. Turn of the month theres no sign of that unfortunate right simon its often said isnt it that the world is pretty much dictated by interests how much political pressure would you say is is brought to bear upon the un itself for instance i mean this particular section of the un is the children and Armed Conflict section of the the un they report to the secretary general but the report is criticised insofar as it doesnt name and shame sufficiently it doesnt attribute blame as harshly or as clearly as it might in particular im thinking of the Israeli Defense forces they highlighted having been responsible for a larger number of palestinian child deaths last year than have been in the last 4 years and yet they dont appear in the annex yet the list of bad is they dont appear there at 0 so how much pressure is the un under when its compiling a report like this to actually keep a certain balance if you like in terms of other political interests i think thats a really important point and it really gets to the fundamental problem with all the un toadies all un agencies that they have to balance the sort of the impartiality and and the interests of the particular body with broader chip political interests and so here you have a report that is trying to really get to the bottom of whats happening on the ground but it feels feels compelled to sort of cold but for fully naming and shaming the Israeli Defense forces the United States the United Kingdom for their complicity in events and i think that gets to this this fundamental power of balance and the Structural Organization of the United Nations which means that the powerful states wield a great deal of disproportional influence across the United Nations particularly in the Security Council and we see this of. In the Human Rights Council as well where there are particular human rights agendas that are suppressed by members of the council who are sitting on this council and dont want these to be articulated so it is power the troyan. Normative concerns such as human rights such as childrens interests right ok all right so simon raises an important point i think know her and empower in terms of the Security Council i suppose resides with the permanent 5 and there is pretty much paralysis isnt there in the Security Council but i mean the saudis again i mean they are allegedly responsible for dangling substantial amounts of money before the very eyes of the secretary general of the un in order to ease their way few like through some potentially uncomfortable moments both on the un Human Rights Council and also within the u. N. Security Council Deliberations particularly in the war in yemen so Money Matters here of course unfortunately money does matter and its not just saudi arabia that has that has put the secretary general under under pressure its you know several other countries including the u. K. Especially in the in the Human Rights Council and so you know its its unfortunate that it seems over the last couple of years in particular that the secretary general is kind of caving into this pressure a little bit you see it in the language its not its not as strong as it should be in these reports and again weve weve spoken already about the lack of accountability the lack of enforcement any kind of enforcement measures following these reports but of course i mean in theory the u. N. Should not be caving into this pressure and should stand firm right and romney said oh are we saying are we saying that this the suprema see if these interests if you like of the various powerful players internationally are collectively undermining what is also what is supposed to be a rules based International System there are laws that are supposed to protect children and civilians particularly in war but they seem to be ignored at the moment. Yes thats true and ive been interacting a lot with the various u. N. Agencies on international. N. G. O. S working all over the middle east in the last year or 2 dealing with women and children and marginalized people and theyre just scrambling around trying to figure out how do they minimize the deaths of young people rather than what they were doing 510 and 20 years ago which is to expand the well being of young people and the survival rate on the health and the immunization rate and all that and theres just such an overwhelming need for services to deal with a simply keeping people alive especially 60000000 people 60 is 60000000 people in the arab world who need humanitarian aid simply to stay alive and and in decent shape biologically and this figure is going to is going to keep increasing so the situation really is one in which there is no sign of any action that is going to change the situation what we really need though and this is where there is still an opening and people do try it weve seen it in yemen weve seen it in other places you need vigorous political initiatives to try to end the conflicts if you end the war you end all of this suffering many of the parties who are fighting each other many of them have legitimate grievances not all of them but many of them do and if you address those legitimate grievances 0 in on the people on the ground get the foreign fighters and criminals and donors out and 0 in on the conflict on the ground and find a resolution that satisfies everybody you can end some of these conflicts and therefore you and this cycle of increasing suffering and vulnerability and the problem with some of the situations like they are israeli conflict is this is been going on for for 100 years weve had a 100 years of israeli colonize ation of arab land and its still going on and there seems to be no. Any in the world who is willing or able to do anything about it so some of these conflicts need much more effort than purely localized on the right side and which brings us a space to history and tradition and that is leadership has traditionally been provided by the United States has netted in the post war 2nd mode war era that seems to be. Lacking should we say and im do you think that it passes too simplistic to link the Current Situation were in now would be seen to be gang backlit in terms of moral principles and rule of law can we link the 2 ted to the fact that america has turned in lets push ups but i think theres probably more to it the merits and if we look at the conflicts and the impact of conflicts on children and and marginalized people across across the past few decades well see that that this has been continuing this is this is even increased whilst america has been more involved in the global stage and it. In actually articulating more liberal projects and the likes of bill clinton and barack obama this had a massive there was a massive increase in the number of people affected by by conflict and i think that obviously on the trumpets had a marked impact on on americas role in the world and it sort of step but most leadership position but its not just about that theres a complexity of conflicts that have bowled over the past few decades and the report talks about building sustainable peace but as ramy suggesting that its difficult to build that sustainable peace when there is conflicts going on but the sustainable peace is essential to actually preventing future conflict of in future generations addressing longstanding grievances addressing longstanding needs for the food for shelter for water for basic human needs. So its not just about addressing the conflict and making people safe from war but we have to do more the u. N. Has to do more in order to actually build this sustainable peace and it will require leadership from a range of different groups not just the United States team lead flow into the space in these norms it will require a strong leadership frame for a range of different sectors that will hold each other to account but of course this is incredibly idealistic and i dont see it any time soon i think and so no hurry it seems very much as though already laid back to the u. N. We look to the u. N. To do so much particularly in a in a world thats devoid of of obvious National Leadership the u. N. Have started a process havent they need yemen obviously this is described as perhaps the west humanitarian crisis in the world at the moment what do you think of the Stockholm Agreement as a beginning as a start to perhaps stopping that dreadful war in yemen i mean any sort of any agreement thats geared towards stopping lifting up blockade or stopping the fighting as of course very welcome i think theres been a lot of issues with with the Stockholm Agreement. You know one of them being that its very very much focused on how data and has led to sort of this dismissal really of a focus on the rest of the country which is just as a port and but i think just to follow on the discussion earlier. Another sort of factor that is really important and an opening as rami called it is the role of Civil Society in these countries right the solution doesnt begin and end with the United Nations the role of Civil Society if you look at the role of Civil Society in syria for example birth course and all of these conflicts countries is absolutely crucial in but unfortunately it seems that more often than not. International organizations or international policymakers. Dont have this as meaningful an engagement with the Civil Society accessors as they should and so the result is that theres sort of a delayed resolution to these conflicts working is local actors is is absolutely crucial to try and and bring and bring an end to these Armed Conflicts right rami give the last word to you and if you can make it brief please so know how offices a glimmer of hope and id like to end on that if possible she sees that there is potential perhaps in stimulating the Civil Societies role and participation in these processes and that could could help assassin a lot of sees absolutely right and its not just Civil Society as such its just all local people working together and their normal day to day life one of the things that ive been amazed that and not so surprising in my 50 years of covering the middle east as a as a journalist has been that in all of these conflict situations when you see local communities arabs and israelis arabs and turks iranians and saudis some news and she are as christians and muslims whoever it may be any 2 people who seem to be having a fight when you go to the local level theyre living together theyre going to school theyre playing football theyre creating businesses they know how to coexist peacefully and this is really the one of the great unexplored areas of peacemaking stability and National Development that has to be looked at through Civil Society through political mediation and through other forms we know how to live peacefully and coexist in this region if the big powers and some of the external actors and local criminal leaderships and the various countries stay out of this process and so this is really an area that we have to explore much more carefully and it does actually even in syria during the war you had local communities that made cease fires and got along really. Well you know thats definitely an area for a lot of work thank you very much indeed a note of relative to ms and thank you all very much indeed rami khouri in beirut simon mabon in lancaster and. In toronto thank you all very much indeed and thank you for watching the program you can see it again any time you live again to the website aljazeera dot com should you want more discussion in go to our Facebook Page facebook dot com for slash a. J. Inside story and you can join the conversation on twitter liz at a. J. Inside story im at dennis for me and the whole team here in doha. Take the worst possible material you radio. Into dust comparable to flour and make a meal out and put it into place the people think is a cause that. Has gotten so many people a food here this is the silent heat. But does it make you feel nice you feel like a murderer we have created an enormous amount on mental disaster. And investigation south africa toxic city on al jazeera. Al jazeera where every. I am fully back to bill with a look at our main stories here on aljazeera the Chinese Government has reiterated its support for hong kongs leader carrier following weeks of mass protests beijings top office on Hong Kong Policy also called for the violence to stop after another night of street battles in the city in response prodemocracy groups are accusing government of not addressing the main issues on sunday night. And arrested dozens of protesters to clear them off the streets. We call on all the people in hong kong regardless of their social backgrounds to unequivocally oppose and boycott violence the recent developments especially the acts of violence by a small number of radical elements have seriously undermined the broad interests of hong kong for prosperity and stability they pose a serious challenge to the rule of law and public order in hong kong and to life and property of hong kong residents theyve also crossed the red line of the principle of one country 2 systems and by no means should be tolerated here nigerias president has ordered the army to hunt down gunmen who killed at least 65 people in the northeastern borno region the victims had been attending a funeral Priyanka Gupta has the details. These shod remains are whats left of what once was someones home this village in northeast nigeria is now the scene off the worst attack on civilians in the region this year. Gunmen attacked mourners gathered for a funeral on saturday in the battle that took them to yet images that you didnt. One day it will be manageable. But. Then they went up to the city. The villages have gathered again this time to remember the Staggering Number of lives lost in just one day. Arjun said his sympathise with the palm of his. Not of those. Killed is lost no one has claimed responsibility for the attack but the armed group is suspected to be behind saturdays carnage local government Officials Say abdullah just 40 of a boko haram ambush 2 weeks ago 11 fighters were killed. Preston mamadou bihari has ordered the air force and army to hunt down the attackers borno state is the epicenter of the armed rebellion by boko haram tens of thousands of people have been killed millions have been displaced off to 10 years of violence boko haram has been largely driven out of the areas they once held. But the attacks continue and this time. Even funerals have not been spared. Aljazeera. Doctors in sudan say 5 protesters have been shot and killed by Security Forces activists were protesting against the findings of an investigation into last months crackdown on a sit in demonstration sudans military council is blaming a few rogue offices for the violence which the opposition says killed more than 100. 00 people. The lawyer of russian Opposition Leader alexina vonnie says he has been poisoned with an unknown chemical while in prison according to nirvana is doctor he has now been released from hospital and is being sent back to jail the Opposition Leader was hospitalized on sunday with signs of an acute ology been serving a 30 day prison sentence since wednesday after calling for on Thai Government protests more than a 1000 people were detained at those demonstrations on sunday. And in the United States the government has been shot dead by police after he killed 3 people at a Food Festival in the state of california it happened in the city of soft of San Francisco another 15 people are in. Your state with headlines here on aljazeera the news continues after the documentary iraq a deadly deception stay with this. September 11th. In the ruins of new york America Votes to defeat terrorism but this promise is quickly betrayed george bush changes enemies asama bin laden is replaced by Saddam Hussein. See it as this sudden turn to love is the result of an extraordinary deception with devastating consequences for the world. Everything begins less than 6 hours after the attack at the pentagon which was also strong secretary of defense Donald Rumsfeld scans the rubble and he issues his instructions Stephen Campbell and one of his advisors takes notes rumsfelds intentions are unequivocal. The evening of that tragedy president bush addresses america and the world. Today our fellow citizens our way of life are very freedom came under attack. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them. We will make no distinction this essential detail was inspired by a key figure in the pentagon richard powell. On the afternoon of 911 places a call to the president s speech writer. I was on the telephone with david frum and i said to david. On the afternoon of 911 whatever else the president says he should say that we will hold. Responsible the states that support terrorists say it is a strategic break from the more modest policy so bush is pretty sessoms. I believe it represented a recognition. That we would never succeed against the terrorists if we went after them one at a time and as long as governments were facilitating the Organization Training equipping and financing of terrorist organizations we were never going to get it under control. And Ambitious Program from all out war a goal in line with neoconservative policy and thinking an approach supported by richard powell. Dick cheney Donald RumsfeldCondoleezza RicePaul WolfowitzDouglas Feith these are the advisors who have bushs ear. Joe wilson a career diplomat witnessed the rice. They came into office with the Republican Party and particular with the staffing done by the Vice President and his office and the secretary of defense in his office. Referred to his neo conservatives they have ties to the world of oil to the Defense Industry they are strong proponents of American Global domination. Saddam hussein softened by years of sanctions is in. On the evening of 911. 00 the president saying well maybe you know we will be going after iraq now and somebody said well. That would be a guess since International Law the president responded i dont care it was going to kick some 2 days after the world trade center. And the pentagon were attacked the president was at camp david with his senior officials and mr wolfowitz was telling the president. They iraq and Saddam Hussein is the real problem. New goals were defined change the regime in baghdad to subjugate iraq a simpler objective. And that of destroying the elusive terrorist. 1000. 00 and those in support of eliminating Saddam Hussein meet at the ministry of defense the pentagon. They all began asking questions about how long can we continue this policy aimed at keeping saddam under control and that inclusion they came to was not much longer the day after the meeting at the pentagon president bush addresses congress. It is a historic moment the nation is united bush names the culprits Osama Bin Laden al qaeda the taliban regime in afghanistan our enemies are radical network of terrorists and every government that supports them. No mention about iraq but he warns our war on terror. Begins with al qaeda. But it does not in their. Tony blair the british Prime Minister and guest of honor applause its symbolic of the unwavering alliance between washington and london. The taliban are quickly driven out of kabul and al qaeda is dispersed. Some of bin laden disappears. In washington bush appears eager to move on to another war i stand by those words afghanistan is still just a beginning if anybody harbors terrorists or terrorist if they find a terrorist or terrorist if they has terrorist or terrorist i mean i cant make it any more clearly to other nations around the world if they develop weapons of mass destruction that will be used to terrorize nations they will be held accountable. After this speech secretary of defense rumsfeld meets with general tommy franks at Central Command in tampa florida. Franks controls a massive area from africa to asia and leads the war in afghanistan but rumsfeld has Something Else in mind iraq. He orders general franks to prepare a plan of attack. Since his invasion of kuwait in the gulf war and 991 large parts of iraq had been under an international no fly zone. Despite