Army and the Shia Popular Mobilization forces taking part in the campaign against myself isis who are hiding in a large strip of borderlands iraqs Prime Minister hide all about a says that hell announce the final defeats of the group in iraq once the operation has been completed and those are the headlines the u. S. Continues here on al jazeera right after my inside story thanks. Hopes running high in zimbabwe following Robert Mugabes resignation as this african country enters a new era we ask what difference will a new leadership make this is inside story. Youll. Get. A welcome to the program im Adrian FinneganRobert Mugabe has been in charge of zimbabwe ever since the country was born thirty seven years ago the African Nationalist helped lead the rebellion against British Colonial rule of what was then. And he was a political prisoner during white minority rule in the one nine hundred seventy s. And eightys after independence was achieved the Prime Minister then president implemented social and economic policies for better or worse critics say hes been a brutal dictator who rose to power when the country was known as the jewel and breadbasket of africa and hes left it in economic ruins his resignation provoked mass celebrations the worlds oldest head of state finally accepting that it was time to go as m. P. s debated his impeachment the Historic Events for all zimbabweans began with a military takeover just over a week ago was in barbarians who are celebrating say its the end of an era paul brennan looks back on the life of the veteran leader there who never made. Yet. There will always be people. In control that was two thousand and seven. Ten years later when the people let their views be known opiate encouraged by zimbabwes military Robert Mugabe ignored them and then surprise them when he didnt announce his resignation by now widely predicted t. V. Address i thank you. And good night after thirty seven years in control mcgarvie found it hard to let go hes made a career by deftly apa new for potential rivals. One of the first to be sidelined was joshua como a fellow liberation fighter and comer was leader of the zap to party with gabby merge them with his zanu p. F. Party their alliance was uneasy and comer was relegated to the figurehead role of Vice President. At the turn of the century the gobby started seizing farms owned by whites to apiece supporters angry at the slow pace of land reform the economy shrank by a third unemployment soared about eighty percent. Out of this economic turmoil another rival emerged we must to give them a good sounding defeat Morgan Chander i formed the movement for Democratic Change it became popular enough to risk defeating mugabi in a president ial election runoff in two thousand and eight. I was beaten up frequently arrested and intimidated dozens of his supporters were killed allegedly by zanu p. F. Thugs and the m. D. C. Leader withdrew from the election worried about the stability of its neighbors south africa forced both men into a coalition chandor i became Prime Minister but mcgarvie retain control of the police army and secret service and with that the real power of god he won the election four years ago by a landslide supporters said Voter Registration lists were manipulated critics said mccarthy was just as ruthless at dealing with rivals in his own party war veteran and Vice President joyce maturer was fired in two thousand and fourteen accused of corruption and plotting to assassinate mcgarvie this time a gabbys wife grace was seen as instrumental in engineering mature is down for it was the clearest signal yet the mcgarvie was now not only protecting his own position but also laying the path for his wife to succeed him the sacking of emerson made that obvious the Vice President nicknamed the crocodile had been in pole position to succeed mugabe firing him clear the way for his wife. But this time the ninety three year old president had gone too far when a god is close to the military leadership and they stepped in. After thirty seven years Robert Mugabes days of exercising unchallenged power well over. The former Vice President innocent man and god is due to be sworn in as mugabes replacement on friday so who is eat well like mugabe he fought for independence from British Colonial and then white minority rule and was by mcgarvey side in various leadership roles over the decades he was Vice President until earlier this month as you just heard when we got sect him for what he called treachery when god was supporters say hell help boost zimbabwes economy battered by years of sanctions they praise his push to reengage with potential investors worldwide after years of International Isolation his critics describe him as fearsome and cruel and not for nothing is his nickname the crocodile they say and hes repeatedly denied overseeing the killing of thousands of civilians in southern is in bob way in the one nine hundred eighty s. Well lets explore with our guests what the future holds for zimbabwe joining us from harare via skype is tina berry human rights advocate and former president of the law society of zimbabwe in london today judy on will analyst on African Affairs and author of how to win elections in africa and from reading like a schmidt associate professor of modern african history at the university of reading welcome to all of you. Start with you can edison but im glad were bring about the change that zimbabweans crave given that hes been a part of the system for thirty seven years one of the closest aides and one of the most powerful people with within zanu p. F. Other celebrations that weve seen in pariah across symbiote way somewhat premature the. Momentum easy favor. Many people have for the politics of the day. Rooting for any new government anything other than garbage so hes not about unity right that momentum. But he needed a new pipes or to. Give Something Back to these young people we were sort of educating and debating to move forward against tyranny is their part. Their ways over his party. Detract visions of his party and of course the enemy is. His most recent enemies that it doesnt add to the things that will work against him but he has a little opportunity if he makes to put it to decisions to move the country forward because the entire country fully behind you at least at this moment today in london what do you think are we likely to see any departure from iraq politics in the near future or will it be business as usual. Well first i have to defer to the un in zimbabwe who has a more correct reading on the ground but based on what we see and based on i experience with african democracies there is very little reason to have high hopes on an underground. And that doesnt mean there is no potential for change for. An improvement in governments and the country but it doesnt mean that citizens cannot afford to cut him any slack. He has been a part of this ruling elite for many many years he is most possibly complicit in any of the feelings of the government that he was part of and so well he represents my mentor in the desperation of people so letting go of the mugabe history its crucially important that everyone is on high alert. And everyone could see no slight he has earned no slack and that i doubt that citizens deceived by the appearance of change but hes a very useful start for people who are trying to reclaim their destiny i just met in reading that i got said together we will ensure a peaceful transition to the consolidation of our democracy and bring a fresh start for all zimbabweans and foster peace and unity as i make my way back home i look Forward Together with you the people of zimbabwe to tackle the political and economic challenges facing our beloved country what do you make of those words will the euphoria that weve seen be short lived. Well amazon is the kind of politician of the generation and involving. His personality is of the kind that i think its very very likely he will want to create his own legacy he will want to become a leader who is setting himself apart from the guard or i do think these are more than just words i do think he is going to make an effort to bring about change but it is very likely that it is going to be change that will build a legacy for him and what we saw yesterday that second point to consider when the speaker of the house read out the letter of resignation by Robert Mugabe we saw almost every member of parliament and every senator jumping up and celebrating but we must consider that sixty one percent of the members of parliament belong to the ruling party these are people who just over a week ago there were celebrating their great hero their great leader Robert Mugabe so even if. Wants to build his own legacy he wants to bring about some change he is leading a party that has not made any effort shown any sign that they are taking responsibility for what has happened in the last thirty seven years everything is put on the shoulders of one man Robert Gabriel mugabe. Do you agree with that what extent is mugabe being made the scapegoat here the people around him complicit in crimes committed against the people of zimbabwe over many years by focusing on the garbage they try to absolve themselves you think of responsibility for the past. I think he has. The need to. Begin to feel that he had become a liability when you broke into wanted to. Talk with him or going in with something theyve never seen she did introduce strong element. In the politics and therefore that is intimate so ive got to give very generally people he took his wifes side of the united the forces. Against mugabe. Blaming him for everything but i think not to see exactly where. This mall with to be done after im back in but the people are different if you always related because there is or there dana. Was. Painted in your article that the middle. Do you agree with that. Well yes i do agree obviously that. Should i mean guns of. Kind of the Tipping Point for citizens. I do agree that the specter of a dynasty was deeply frightening to people i was slightly about the hint of the surgeon in terms of. Well it was when this woman was going to do this or this came up again this might be significant in the Bigger Picture what i dont want to show the oil for Young Africans even though im a political analyst im also young africa we have a collective us to ration of our continent for a new kind of leadership and so i share in that aspiration with zimbabweans and in that light i feel like the wonder is not a scapegoat he was the leader of this country for thirty seven years he was ultimately responsible for every failure in governance for dysfunctional political and needs for a country to have been fairly on every significant Good Government index so there is no sense in my mind there is no ambiguity in my mind as to his level of culpability i worried that the narrative at the end of his. Regime was one of a tired old man been manipulated by a woman well who created the circumstances that led to the man of pollution who manipulated a constitution intimidated your position and made it impossible for a competitive democracy to flourish in that country i think as a continent we will be doing ourselves no service no favors by cutting will go be any slight he is responsible for zimbabwe as it exists today michael what do you make of the only response. Oh i fully agree that Robert Mugabe is responsible i also fully agree that grace mugabe did provide the Tipping Point and that she played a significant role in bringing about. Causing the change that has occurred now but at the same time if you look at this involve his future then removing the had of the party. Is just one step in the direction of democratization is just one step in the direction of change the point is that mugabe did not single handedly carry out a genocide in the early one nine hundred eighty s. In the south of the country he did not single handedly carry out the land reforms did not sing a handedly silencers opposition or put state violence state sponsored violence into place around election time still force results he was aiming for so all these agents that were involved such as the police such as the army such as the party youre with but also the very understanding of what zanu p. F. The ruling party is how it functions the role of the Central Committee if that is not fundamentally questioned from within then i dont see how the party continuing to rule the country at least under the next elections how that can bring about fundamental change. You talked about what is needed now is this new generation of leaders to what extent will zimbabwe fail to reach its full potential until the old guard the veterans of independent struggle have. Died out a and this new generation of leaders comes through. Well first to declare. Their young people who are part of zanu p. F. They are young people who are i mean really young people below forty who are part of this political arrangement their youth wings in this fight is the hidden part of legitimizing this establishments and so by all the god i dont necessarily mean in terms of eight minutes of freshness of ideas i mean in terms of a flourishing of options i mean in terms of a new sense of what it is to be a political responsibility now if we have that if we have new players who are able to compete in a level Playing Field it gives a zanu p. F. My hopes for that a low but until we have that until democracy is completed war on two democracies. Sustain themselves by the social permission of the voter constantly it is very difficult for leaders to modify behavior or to sustain effectiveness or sustain responsibility so in essence are we going to be able to find a power for new voices whether young or old hopefully young but new voices who are able to provide a credible alternative who are able to give zanu p. F. A run for its money and who are able to shake off significant feats but then balance the power equation like we have in nigeria where they are crude in parties or in guyana and when the simple know that they are at the mercy of the voter that creates an incentive for proper behavior so will we be able to find this fresh voices who are going to create it surely competitive environment things within the same unless true political competition begins to exist from twenty or i believe let us know what will to or will be able to find those powerful new credible alternative voices will the opposition step up and mount a credible challenge to p. F. Will zanu p. F. Is it capable of changing from within. I think i was going to just try and paint a picture of the sort of challenges that illuminate meaningly that have to confront and i hope it can answer the question you ask first and foremost the first challenge is impunity and violence we have the ruling party that is totally candid and structuralism democratic is a very intolerant of opposition or of different views even among themselves so that often the result of the violently it is it is supported by instead of them including the Security Forces and divisive when a tip or type of democrats and refuses any form of power sharing so the first test is from that character can they be formed from within and become a more Democratic Party even among themselves and they manage conflict differently and be able to talk never in the Playing Field the second challenge is with point three and laws that centralized and concentrate power in the end of just one person the president of the bobbins the most powerful person who cant easily sponsible for appointment of key persons institutions including meditate robots and so as a result we may have a constitution that least and celebrates human rights and Political Rights of people but we have a practice we have laws that had in place if and we have had today an institution that struggle not to support one institution the National Broadcaster for instance it exists primarily to serve the interests of those that are in power so they didnt need before but interesting that it is then they have passed along that they have been shelved under the carpet for a long time the massacre as it might have been in the subsequent killings during a number of the elections in our country there are people were hurting people who are hoping that if you will be better justice competition guarantees. One of the ports in the specter of what went wrong and of course. Then in the center of my opponent is a vampire and i think what action most of the function the very top level with people is never what it is in their lives in terms of working and we have never had a day jobs. In our country individual young men and women of want to school and we have been denied an opportunity then lastly we just did the damage to one of this no confidence. And it can be thought of all the names in the without Good Governance in the. Business confidence even zimbabweans themselves will not planned across they would rather keep their man because they will be afraid that they might lose their current so this is the big ground in the how one talk or the challenges we dont be going on what we live by. Really quickly is going to be the ultimate step to form an architect because theyre used to being in power they believe that in general to be in power even the army and the Police Believe they should we design. How to disentangle that is to remain friends with the past in particular with this is ok. But i got was been accused. Of being the chief architect of method being that massacre in the one nine hundred eighty s. Given that is he the man to oversee a process of National Healing and reconciliation. Well he is indias not he is in the sense that the way the political change occurred within the last seven days it is apparently inevitable that he takes over as president for the time being. The question is are there going to be free and Fair Elections next year is he going to stick to that roadmap to use. That there are going to be elections are going to be election. Election observers going to be allowed in the country that is going to be of crucial importance he himself is certainly not the kind of leader who would bring about the necessary change that zimbabwe needs to see but to be in place for very limited time period that seems to be what both. The leader of the m. D. C. Opposition party and the ruling party have now agreed on and its not something that can easily be changed but the challenges our country the average age is twenty and majority of zimbabweans were born after the Liberation War and even though there are reasons why its taken thirty seven years to bring about regime change at the same time there is the whole as was said just now that there are sufficient there is sufficient strength among the young population but bring about a strong opposition with a strong voice on the program to bring about economic social and political change. Just want to ask you a very quick question a final question how do you think. Long term leaders in Southern Africa will have viewed events in zimbabwe this week. Well thats one of the most interesting thing the thing that i dont know if its fortunate in fortune is the biggest win of the downfall of my dad is the mayor and the numbers of cetacean leaders workweek him in their boots now and i think it will have an effect it will at the very least in bold in civil to say to actors in several countries to begin to build a quote that are necessary to pull down dictators like i only see dictators are human beings and the history of Human Progress shows us that no matter how powerful a human being is it will take other human beings to pull down a powerful human being and thats the message that the rest of africa will be learning from the downfall of the inevitable mcgahee theyre afraid were going to have to leave it thankyou to you all to a better day today judy our hope and that hiker schmidt thank you as always for watching dont forget you can see the program at any time just by visiting our website at aljazeera dot com for further discussion join us at our Facebook Page at facebook dot com forward slash a. J. Inside story you can also join the conversation on twitter our handle at a j inside story this of course a historic moment in zimbabwe history we leave it out with some images of Robert Mugabe of his thirty seven years of leadership from behavior in figure the whole team here in doha thanks for watching well see you again bye for now. You are making very pointed remarks where on line the u. S. Response to drug use and the drug trade over the last fifty years has been to criminalize or if you join us on sad to know it will force us wakes up other than the morning and says i want to cover the world in darkness this is a dialogue and that could be what leading to some of the confusion a lot im about people saying they dont actually know whats going on join the global conversation at this time on aljazeera. Training starts lightly but the pace picks up quickly as these grannies work out a long life time of frustration. At eighty five years old intombi sword what trains as hard as anyone and day. I feel so good i feel fresh i punch this side and decide like this and like that i really love this i dont like things like soccer because i will bring these ladies are tough and i take their training very seriously. Though the freedom of the floor interjected before my life. With over forty thousand People Killed under his rule it took twenty five years to bring him to a court of law. But why for so long with such a brutal dictator considered an ally of the west who are not reporting to the congress to the press they were engaged in a clandestine. Aljazeera unravels the history of chads notorious former president saying have a great dictator on trial at this time on aljazeera. With your headline so far today me and bangladesh say theyve signed