Or youre up to in all of our top stories but of course if you want to know more this is the place to go aljazeera dot com is the address but coming up next techno looks at a new technique to save the worlds coral reefs are we back off to that in about twenty five minutes time stay with us. Coral reefs of the rain forests of the sea prize for their beauty and resources the world over. They are also one of the earths most fun rable ecosystems a threat to Climate Change and no place better symbolizes their importance and their plight than australias Great Barrier reef. This is techno a show about innovation and change life were going to explore the intersection of hardware and humanity and were doing it in the way this is a show about science by signed. On. Their way. Yes. Ok so this commotion that you see behind me is a bunch of people already getting ready to dive in the Great Barrier for the first time much like me. Techno is marie to davison chapel to queensland to see firsthand one of the seven natural wonders of the wild. And to explore the scientific efforts to save it. Ask a thousand different people to describe what makes australias Great Barrier reef special and youll get a thousand different answers and sometimes none at all just to be new silence a nod to the fact that there exists things on this earth so beautiful he defied description and yet for all its capacity to inspire us on an intimate level its when we step back that we are even more amazed the Great Barrier reef covers three hundred forty five thousand square kilometers roughly the size of germany it stretches twenty three hundred kilometers in length nearly equal to the entire coastline of chile and its the only living structure on earth that can be seen from space and therein lies its vulnerability because it lives it can also die. Although coral reefs cover less than two percent of the ocean floor twenty five percent of all marine life depend on them for their survival and yet according to the World Resources institute by the year two thousand and fifty nearly all coral reefs worldwide including the Great Barrier reef will be threatened with death a scientific prediction that if correct will mean the disappearance of one of the earths most vital and enduring ecosystems within most of our lifetimes. Off the coast of northeastern australia where the Great Barrier reef meets the shallows i meet with over who goldberg director of the Global Change institute at the university of queensland for him a hope for the best approach is no longer on the table i mean world wars were quite willing to spend half of the supposedly income sold in the problem this is as big or even bigger than a world war and we need to get those sort of resources and we need to get everyone behind the Solutions Solutions to problems that are becoming legion. There are multiple stresses that face our race like the Great Barrier reef is sediments a new transit flowing down rivers and smothering corals and other organisms that has been too much fishing in some cases where weve knocked out keith bases but the real showstoppers now the Global Changes that were inflicting on on coral reefs and its the showstoppers that could be potentially catastrophic according to the World Resources institute the absorption of an increased level of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide into the oceans has caused them to become more acidic this change in water chemistry inhibits the ability of corals to skeletons are composed of Calcium Carbonate to grow and increase in Carbon Dioxide emissions has also led to trapped atmospheric heat which in turn has led to higher water temperatures warmer water disrupts the symbiotic relationship that a coral has with a micro algae called belly the belly is responsible for the corals food supply and when it leaves the coral begins to starve the effect turns the coral white and is known as coral bleaching the heart of the problem is this scientific models show both Ocean Acidification and Ocean Temperatures spiking to unprecedented levels over the next one hundred years levels that without intervention would spell the end of coral reefs. It was against this backdrop that in two thousand and sixteen the Great Barrier reef experienced one of the most severe bleaching episodes ever recorded initial surveys by researchers at the a. R. C center of excellence for coral reef studies put the areas affected by bleaching at ninety three percent and estimates about the resulting mortality figures ran the gamut few climate related events in history have captured the media and the publics attention more it included an obituary for the Great Barrier reef that quickly went viral it sent the g. R. S. Tourism industry into an uproar and even gave the Scientific Community pause and actual Mortality Survey conducted in late two thousand and sixteen also by the air sea center of excellence for coral reef studies proved a mixed bag the northern third of the reef was devastated losing an estimated sixty five percent of live coral coverage but the lower two thirds of the reef the area where the vast majority of reef tourism occurs escaped relatively unharmed spared by cooler waters from the coral sea just outside the city of townsville which sits at the southern tip of the Great Barrier reef a group of scientists are fighting to save coral reefs not just from bleaching events now but from the effects of Climate Change yet to come one of the goals of Marine Research in a time of Global Change is to gain insight into how Marine Systems like the Great Barrier reef may look into the future to achieve this researchers need to replicate and manipulate ocean conditions in controlled environments in other words literally bringing the ocean into the lab and that is exactly what is being done at the most advanced Research Aquarium in the world australias national sea simulator. A thirty five Million Dollars facility completely dedicated to tropical Marine Research for a scientific discipline whose researchers are used to working with simple tubs of water system is nothing short of revolutionary thats giving us the opportunity to do research that weve not been able to do before dr Nicole Webster is one of the lead coral scientists working at c so sorry you know in the past if we would try and do an experiment about Climate Change free markets and corals and stick them in a sort of small nalley bin size tank then hate them up a little bit but it doesnt really very closely reflect whats actually happening out on the brain and the driving idea behind csa is that if you have the tools and technology to accurately reflect conditions on the reef today then you can accurately replicate what conditions on the reef will look like tomorrow yes so weve got a number of tanks here what whats going on this is our newest experiment which were calling evolution twenty one and its about trying to assess whats going to happen in terms of evolution in the twenty First Century but these very large tanks which enable us to establish these maize it dozens and one of these a cousin is is its not just one particular species of home weve got all of the things in the tank tenuously that weve bought corals weve got some giant clams in the tank sweet but for your sense like trying to recreate that you go system but under controlled conditions a bit better than the belly of things youre interested in thats right and what were interested in many colliding with this experiment if the temperature and the c o two is that was part of the on local Climate Change the surface temperatures are rising the oceans are becoming more sedate so what this experiment is is were looking at current day condition and then were looking at conditions which are projected by the i. P. C. C. We choose the top of mental panel Climate Change conditions which predicted for the year twenty fifty and in conditions which are projected to be twenty one hundred three so. Of tanks one an ambient tank that reflects temperature and ph conditions as they exist on the reef today a second that reflects those conditions for the year twenty fifty and a third that reflects the predicted conditions in twenty one hundred. But the level of control and detail in the system goes beyond even the. Tell me a little bit about the tanks that were looking at here i know this is our ambient yes and then youre manipulating temperature and Carbon Dioxide so thats right give me give me some of the stuff here like i said the m d a tank is set at about one hundred ten hot spindle you have a dark side which is currently condition so to generate out endian values weve taken the last ten years temperature dot and weve averaged that and that for this day is about twenty nine point four degrees or Something Like that so that would that would be the temperature at this particular time on this particular day in the ambient conditions and then how are you manipulating the conditions off of your baseline here yeah your other treatments so its a three on top of the outside conditions for ten six hundred i t. Which is whats being projected particularly in parts per million or around twenty feet deep i may not find hundred but twenty one hundred so thats what they rejected by the i. P. C. C. With the temperature how we take the temperature values for now and be hanged and then we apply plus one degree offset perhaps twenty fifty set of conditions and a plus two degree offset for at twenty one hundred condition that level of control and manipulation is available to every experiment whole room at the sea some facility and all of their tanks its a system that requires nearly one hundred kilometers of piping seven hundred to eight hundred thousand liters of new seawater daily and a Computer System that not only must keep water temperatures and ph levels accurate to within one hundred of one percent but also controls it all through the touch of a button keeping it all running twenty four seven is the job of Operations ManagerCraig Humphrey they just for example open up an experiment that is when youre on the train generations imitation ok so the example here is that we have the. Temperature one each one of these rectangles represents i think tank with an ordinary coal or a front of has a some of these are some of the tanks that weve already looked out exactly so temperature one is indicated by these color rectangles each color represents a different page ok there is no different concentration of c o two yes exactly so what we have in this room we have four different temperatures here for different pages and every combination of these sixteen different water is running in this room so ill just let temperature three for example i can see the red thanks for trying to and thats a perfectly good enough time but all of the Cutting Edge Research that Systems Technology and engineering now allows ultimately one thing stands out weve never been able to run such a long time experiment because the quality of the water liquid quality of the controls put sophisticated enough that we could actually produce offspring after all its not whether the corals on the reef today will be able to adapt and exist on the reefs of two thousand and fifty and twenty one hundred its whether their descendants will researchers are seeking to determine not just whether corals can be conditioned to withstand future ocean conditions but whether those manipulated corals can pass those survival traits on to future generations the process is known as assisted evolution so the main goal of this is the evolution point to assume the problem still. Hasnt monsters in the climate so its better to withstand hide Something Else in the city because. If we can perhaps mix from the from the skeletons hasa grown closer i did an ideal world all of the about madeline van op and is a Principle Research scientist at ames and leads its assisted Evolution Program and how are you going about this to walk me through some of the nuts and bolts of how this Research Goes about we are and crossing different species a and rational as at home like meat. I provide new characteristics to that but they can and major. When we were in the senate three grown these high risk pools on the predictor of future ocean dishes and basically have Natural Selection make those individuals that perform to take out im really curious about this how do you go about the crossfertilization what are the one of the mechanics involved in reading a forum so first of all we need to send a team out to the rig to to collect home phone use that that have ritual acts so we need to go around and pick those companies that are ready to go. As seen in this video shot at regular speed the collected coral colonies are brought back to the sea simulator to spawn the corals package both sperm and egg into what are called bundles when they are ready to release the coral pushes the bundles through the mouth openings of their polyps creating a distinct visual image. Like Christmas Space like decorated christmas presents waiting with them applying for once it releases those bomb knows they float to the surface of the bed and make us put them up on something very simple. And then we bring them into our law raring area the bundles are than separated into sperm and egg and crossbred according to the breeding match scientists wish to attain selected sperm and egg are reintroduced to each other through and in vitro process two hours later fertilization is complete and what are now coral larvae are moved into rearing tanks were dr lena bay looks after them while they are at their most vulnerable so point out what im looking at i mean you know these look like little dust particles but their baby clothes thats exactly right and each one of their eyes can grow into a. Car oh if that lucky enough to find the right spot on me and they have the right conditions so theyve theyre four years old thats whats going to happen im not. So now were going to. Be here and were going to actually expire so im to be very hot temperatures to see whether we identified and wins under these conditions. And really its all over and individuals from from this bunch in you know all right and youre doing that just next door just over here all right so baby coral go from those tanks over there and they wind up here yeah thats right so we have a nursery on one side and. This is on this is essentially where we need to very warm and we did that for about three days. See which ones survived not all coral spawned in the lab are crossbred some are simply manipulated or evolved but the end game is the same all right so this is one of the rooms where youre you have an experiment running and i see these little plugs with teeny tiny little world where these guys are so important this is this Little Corner somebodys year old and but it was initially its. A lot of articles bred here in the sea simulator and hopefully. This in this election be able to reproduce itself with the project that you have going on i mean it seems to me like its its very Solutions Oriented right i mean a lot of the time you know scientists are are documenting the decline of a system and that can be a very demoralizing thing to do but in this case youre youre trying to come up with a solution here what is in your opinion what is the end game of of your research what is the final result here or are we are you driven to action i think is first the greek would improve the success of. The way for them. But also we hope that we will be able to increase resilience around the family how things are in systems form breathing maybe someone from. No snow and hans falls you know releasing them into the barn and then bringing with them next fall we would hope that that would increase the salience down roots and im not so negatively impact for over who goldberg the threat to coral reefs goes beyond simply the concerns of scientists when you take what coral reefs represent to paypal and this is the amazing numbers right so theres an estimated five hundred Million People on the planet who come to go read so much on a daily basis to get food and income now thats about one in every twelve people that is dependent on coral reefs worldwide four hours north of the games facility is the port city of cannes the primary maritime gateway to the Great Barrier reef more than two Million People visit the Great Barrier reef every year many of them beginning their tour right here and thats what were here to do to see the reef through the eyes of those who make it an economic engine as well as an ecological want to. Call mackenzie is the executive director of the association of marine park tourism operators his job is to represent the interests of the g. B. R. S. Tourism industry both with the government and with the Scientific Community look there is no doubt that tourism is the backbone of the kanes region and thats underpinned by the fact that Something Like justin came to sixteen thousand people employed in the ranger is an industry across the whole industry its a six billion dollar industry and employs about sixty three thousand people its a six billion dollar industry thats huge thats six billion a year just billion a year just to queensland in the last especially last couple of years with a follow up of a huge leaching event that was reported in the media you know the Great Barrier reef is really received a lot of attention what do you think about all the publicity thats coming your way. Well one of the publisher he was incredibly negative and also untruthful. We had stories of no what he three percent of the wreath laying dead and daunting and that weve seen stories where people are written lee you tree for the Great Barrier reef how has that impacted the tourism activities in the perception of tourism here in cannes what little bleaching event happened this year so like in the season that most people who are already booked their trips to come in so weve had a really good tourism season i worry about next year and next year is where the people who was sitting in in america or in in europe are going to go or should we get the barrier reef should we go somewhere else the morning that i choose to go see the reef or myself starts off ominously a squall pushes through cannes luckily blowing out just as quickly as it blew in. Like the thousands of travelers from around the world do each day i book a trip on one of the reef leads boats the vessel is the reef test the captain is mark albert. The rate were going to today is briggs right. Thirty nautical miles southeast of cannes saw it we go to on briggs right is about six made his day perfect for intro dive but all around briggs very first water thats thirty five to forty made his day so you have the snow ice cold water thats coming up in the race bringing all these nutrients into the right excellent sought for fish and flight simming in an aquarium the trip out to briggs reef is about an hour and forty minutes and without land markers its seemingly a trip to the middle of the ocean until you arrive. So we can we have u. S. President donald trump getting ready to make his speech or polls are expecting him to lay out a new plan for iran has just an issue or the safety and security of the american people. History has shown that the longer we ignore a threat the more dangerous that threat becomes for this reason upon taking office i have ordered a complete Strategic Review of our policy toward the rogue regime in iran. That review is now complete. Today i am announcing our strategy along with several major steps we are taking to confront the arraigning regimes hostile actions and to ensure that iran never and i mean never acquires a Nuclear Weapon our policy is based on a clear eyed assessment of the iranian dictatorship its sponsorship of terrorism and its continuing aggression in the middle east and all around the world around is under the control of a fanatical regime that seized power in one thousand nine hundred seventy nine and forced a proud people to submit to its extremist rule this radical regime has rated the wealth of one of the worlds oldest and most vibrant nations and spread death destruction and chaos all around the globe beginning in one thousand nine hundred seventy nine agents of the Iranian Regime. Illegally seized the u. S. Embassy in tehran and held more than sixty americans hostage during the four hundred forty four days of the crisis. The iranian backed terrorist Group Hezbollah twice bombed our embassy in lebanon once in one nine hundred eighty three and again in one thousand nine hundred four another iranian supported bombing killed two hundred forty one americans Service Members they were in their barracks in beirut in one nine hundred eighty three in one nine hundred ninety six the regime directed another bombing of American Military housing in saudi arabia murdering one thousand americans in called blood or any and proxies provided training to operatives who were later involved in al qaeda is bombing of the american embassies in kenya tanzania and two years later killing two hundred twenty four people and wounding more than four thousand others the regime harbored high level terrorists in the wake of the nine eleven attacks including osama bin ladens son. In iraq and afghanistan groups supported by iran have killed hundreds of American Military personnel the iranian dictatorships aggression continues to this day. The regime remains the worlds leading state sponsor of terrorism and provides assistance to al qaeda the taleban hezbollah mosques and other terrorist networks it develops deploys and proliferates missiles that threaten american troops and our allies it harasses american ships and threatens freedom of navigation in the arabian gulf and in the red sea it imprisons americans on false charges and it launches Cyber Attacks against our Critical InfrastructureFinancial System and military the United States is far from the only target of the iranian dictatorships a Long Campaign of bloodshed the regime violently suppresses its own citizens it shot unarmed student protesters in the street during the green revolution this regime has field sectarian violence in iraq and vicious civil wars in yemen and syria in syria the Iranian Regime has supported the atrocities of Bashar Al Assads regime and condoned assads use of chemical weapons against helpless civilians including many many children given the regimes a murderous past and present we should not take lightly its sinister vision for the future the regimes to favor chance our death to america and death to israel. Realizing the gravity of the situation the United States and the United NationsSecurity Council sought over many years to stop irans pursuit of Nuclear Weapons with a wide array of strong economic sanctions but the Previous Administration lifted these sanctions just before what would have been the total collapse of the arabian regime through the deeply controversial two thousand and fifteen nuclear deal with iran this deal is known as the joint comprehensive plan of action or j c p a way as i have said many times the iran deal was one of the worst and most one sided transactions the United States has ever entered into the same mindset that produced this deal is responsible for years of terrible trade deals that have sacrificed so many millions of jobs in our country to the benefit of other countries we need to go shaders who will much more strongly represent americas interests the nuclear