Transcripts For 1TV Bolshaya 20240704

I found doom, he is in moscow, in 3 days he has a fight, we must stop this, you will come with me. You decide what to do. There is a big story on air, a program for those who want to know the past in order to understand the present and see the future. We continue the conversation we started about the decembrists and nicholas i , the story of its embodiment in the blockbuster of the first channel, the union of salvation. Do you know what profession was the most dangerous in the russian empire . Of course the emperor. As a result of the coup detat, the father of alexander i, Nicholas Paul i, was killed. As a result of the coup, their grandfather peter ii was killed. Nikolai. The first, fortunately, did not know that his son, alexander ii, and his greatgrandsons, nicholas ii, mikhail alexandrovich, all greatgreatgrandsons, children of the last russian emperor, would be killed. Pestel intended to exterminate the entire imperial family, including women, children, even those living abroad. So, on december 14 , 1825, Nikolai Pavlovich got up at about 6 in the morning, quickly got ready for the military, he had not yet im not sure about that. From which of them, what can you expect at that moment. Nikolai read alexanders will about the course of konstantin pavlych, does anyone have any doubts . In response, there were assurances of devotion. And the decembrists were already leading their regiments to Senate Square and the roll call for constantine and nicholas began. This is how it is shown in the film union of salvation. Hurray, konstantin hurray, nikolai anatoly vadinovich maksimov is probably the main creator of the film. Together with konstantin. The idea of ​​why it became a movie in the first place is because it unique dramatic material. The worst thing for dramaturgy. This division into good and bad, when the audience is well aware in advance that these are scoundrels, these are angels and the clash between them, but at best it is a computer game and. 825, which is soon 200 years old, yes, the event is really amazing and there were a lot moments that had no analogues at all in our history, well, for example, for the emperor himself to go out under bullets to talk with his own subjects, by the way, he wrote memoirs, in these memoirs he, naturally, i paid a lot of attention to this. Day, and he remembered how he came out and how he was met with bullets. Lets listen to the emperor. Then i dispatched the preobrazhensky regiment across the bulevar to occupy the isakievsky bridge in order to cut off communication in this direction with vasilievsky island and cover the flank with the horse guards. I myself, with adjutant general benkendor who arrived to me, went to the square to examine the situation of the rebels. I was greeted with gunfire. And at this moment nikolai. Stands in front of a crowd of people who gathered on sinavskaya square and he asked them do you know the manifesto . I myself began to read the text of this manifesto; this is an absolutely unique moment in our history; in my opinion, it is shown very clearly in the film. We are nicholas the emperor and the allrussian autocrat and so on and so forth and so on. We declare to all our faithful subjects contrition of heart, humbling ourselves before the invincible destinies of the almighty. Soldiers in the square, from your reading they will disperse, do not notice them, this is your right, but, in my opinion, you are the military man, the governorgeneral, direct order. Indeed, on this day, Nikolai Pavlovich showed amazing courage and determination, which, in general , ultimately allowed him to become a fullfledged emperor, although he was a rather young man, and of course, Nikolai Pavlovich, precisely by his actions in sinata square, fully deserved the title on that day a fullfledged emperor, while the sovereign tried in every possible way to the last in this film. I must say that later all the officers of the guards horse artillery, although it was established that they were members secret society, by virtue of this resolution of the emperor, i dont want to know their names, were excluded from subsequent punishment, this is also a very interesting point, that is , until the very last there was hope that it would still be possible to take the oath on that day without incidents, well, then, when it all started, of course, the officers who took part in the uprising of soviet square were clearly divided. Those who were already of the same generation who had already succeeded in punishing nikolai pavlyvich then joined the uprising, or those who were for constantine, but they refused to pin down, like the first ones who came out to Senate Square, who. People who were completely sure that some kind of dynastic misunderstanding was happening, they must adhere to the oath to constantine, not based on the intentions that the leaders of this uprising harbored in relation to the royal family and the entire system of the state in general, and of course december 14 is a milestone day, in fact it had a huge echo, its consequences are much more important, these few shots from the cannons, and, by the way, it must be said right away, that this legend about a huge number of dead, thats all. Full faith and everywhere it began to be given, in the eightythird year it was completely refuted, but listen, it says that 19 officers were killed there, well, where do these numbers come from, this, but however, since then the numbers have been floating around , in fact, if we talk about real numbers, for just the whole day in the troops, we can now know these numbers for sure, because we know these data for each regiment, this is about one and a half hundred victims, about half on one side on the other, of which on the part of the Government Forces , only six people died, including general miloradovich, colonel. The dead could not have been like this, but the legend that a huge number of dead were lowered into flight , it also poisoned the beginning of the reign , including serving as the basis for this mefelogization of what happened on sinatovskaya square, well, perhaps, of course, the one who took the most risks that day nicholas i himself, he could have been killed several times, this, in my opinion, is also one of the most dramatic episodes of the film, and indeed of russian history in general, when he goes to meet him. For the constitution, a completely real episode when nikolai could simply be raised at bayonets, killed, they could have done anything, but they didnt kill him, well, in my opinion, this episode no longer speaks about nikolai , and about the decembrists, when the uprising was organized so much in the popes, they did not expect that it would be necessary for everyone to leave urgently, that it turned out that one by. Another point that is necessary, it is sometimes lost from considerations, that here vysotsky once sang about his generation, that in basements and. Assassination attempts by polish terrorists are expected, he writes his first will to alexander nikolaevich, where he says that if, god forbid, some kind of trouble occurs, something happens upon his accession to the throne, then get on a horse and appear where your duty is, where your duty is obliged to be, as far as possible, try to solve without shedding blood, but if you fail, do not spare the rebels, because by sacrificing a few, you are saving russia. Thats all, well, the real question is, did nikolai have a choice at that moment, because what was at stake after all, not only his life stood, but the life of his entire family, and russia to a large extent , was at stake, this moment of decisionmaking, after all , to fire a salvo at the troops standing in sinata square, in my opinion, it is also very well dramaturgically shown in the film, lets see, all the blood will be. Forever on me, the weapon rises, it moves away. Who started this tradition and continued. Well, probably, one of the first was, of course, radishchev, a journey from st. Petersburg to moscow, which then aroused many souls, and he wrote there that the bell was striking, the bell strikes, and the scourge of bestiality spills out wastelessly, we will see the surroundings, the sword of poison, death and cauterization will be inhumanity for our severity, and the slower and more persistent we are in the solution. It seems that if we look objectively historically, then this is of course not a liberal, this is a radical line , because the liberal line is not a revolution, but this is a story about what goncharov will later write about in the million terzani, when he chatsky disassembles, says that instead in order to go out into the square, present these demands, and then its generally unclear how it ended, it would be better if you became cabinet officials, it would be better if you reformed, you would much, you want to serve russia. You want to make sure that the fatherland develops, and they really sincerely wanted this, here you are, there are places, there are offices, after all, you are nobles, that is , you dont even need to break into these places , take them. In austria they did not refuse in russia, melyukov, radzianko, their behavior during february, did not refused these actions, the main thing is the goal, Everything Else is methods, it seems to me that the decembrists are an opposition between liberals and revolutionaries, this is somewhat speculative, because we will see that among the decembrists their ancestors were seen and you are not at all unreasonable, and radical. What are you going to do . Will you kill him . Youll kill your family, your children, people are dying there, russians are shooting at russians, thats a tragedy, but revolutionary romantics with good, good intentions, the situation is unique, as for me it seems that the authorities who started the reform. And those who supported them did not act at the same speed, that is , those who walked approximately along the path of the changes that Emperor Alexander was going to carry out, the emperor himself at some point became out of sync, and the tragedy of this situation is that this not the obvious villains who wanted to create anarchy, but those who wanted to support the authorities in their efforts further, naturally within the entire. Spectrum of the decembrists, the decembrists dont know that they are decembrists, thats how it is later will be called, therefore, each part stopped at some point, but as soon as, and this is always, in my opinion, in the Human History of reform, the most vulnerable moment, when any power begins to change the direction of movement, the speed of movement, at that moment any body in the physical world becomes vulnerable, the decembrists with their romantic impulse. What does russia need, and why . I would note that the russians were killing russians at that time, even before the december entry, there was a military uprising. Well, who knew about it, several people, until 1830, until the polish rebels published it, and in french, it was not known, that was the problem, that not only there they gave a constitution to the poles, with whom we fought during napoleon, but we got what, we got military settlements and practically nothing, thats all. This together created such a bad atmosphere, as for autocracy and reforms, alexander i already had several, several times experience of trying to implement reforms, which to some extent would be limited by autocracy, for example, the reform of the state council, during the implementation of which, remember the wording, heeding the opinion of the state council. During the implementation of which alexander ii became convinced of such an obvious thing that in order to limit the autocracy, it is necessary to preserve it, it was precisely his majority of the nobility that was not represented by the decembrists, and god forbid, if they had won a form of government other than the most brutal dictatorship, we would drive with an iron hand fortunately humanity would not exist. General sirsky, the new head of the armed forces of ukraine, who is also called general 200. The situation at the moment can be assessed as difficult, the enemy is now actually advancing along the entire front line. Cheese us all. Soldiers. This is minced meat in syrskys career ambitions , the main thing is career, but money doesnt smell, i just know syrsky personally, because i have his last name, hes my report, my brother doesnt communicate with him, well, hes his family, its written everywhere, that he has one wife, one child, his parents live in vladimir, his father always said, but my sashka wants to become a general, being a general in a small country is a little easier, his parents try to refrain from commenting, since a man who betrayed his homeland, god forbid, raises his hand against his parents, he had a chance to continue. Completion, this is what the decembrists proposed, it was doomed, as happened after the seventeenth year, this is the nobility, because if taken to its logical conclusion, they did not understand that this was generally death for themselves and for maybe for their families, for in general for Russian Service class, attempt revolutions from above, the hope that it will still be possible to carry out, because absolutely. You say correctly, in general, if we take the entire provincial russian court, well, lets not forget that the characters of the auditor are the same people of the same most generations , its just different, these are also nobles, only they are just a little different level and quality, frankly speaking, yes, but what could have happened, but we saw all this very soon in 1830thirty years, when cholera outbreaks began riots and several districts of the novgorod province simply turned simply into bloody chaos, where they killed anyone who was not a soldier or peasant there. Where hundreds died, in fact, there , there officers, officials, doctors, who were accused of allegedly poisoning wells from one scoundrel there, who wanted to settle scores with his commander, thats such a terrible thing. Nicholas i in st. Petersburg as various personal presence pacifies these the beginning of this uprising in st. Petersburg, therefore , in order for this to turn, in principle , it is more or less clear when we say pugachevism, because many of the members of the early decembrist organizations that moved away, they were just afraid of a possible repetition, it seems to us that these are some ancient times. Experienced these days in reality, so for them it was not some distant abstract story, this fear that if we lose control, but at the same time there was a radical wing, by and large , the motivation of many young people of these secret societies, it is comparable to what was later described as a jury. For ambitious people, the time of accomplishing feats of french experience, there are young people, passed, so this is bestuzhev s act, act, act, and what to act might really be right, you said, maybe in the offices it will be more reliable, as turgenev just suggested, lets have a plan for peasant reform, lets deal with land, let s start with state peasants, because half of the peasants were not landowners, half of the peasants were state appanages, lets somehow start here to at least restore order in reality, that Nikolai Pavlovich, by the way, did, but. But is it really, really, the decembrists really didnt see what awaited russia if they suddenly won, well, if were talking about the fact that they are romantics, then of course they wont think it through , what will happen next, remember the classic rayleigh, i know we will die, but the example will remain, that is, here is a certain example that will remain for us, before we left for advertising, i literally wanted to throw in this thought, i read about this in the memoirs of the admiral, for dissertation in the archive there are these memoirs, still quite interesting, this is an admiral of the thirties of the 19th century, so he writes right there that if, i quote verbatim, these boys came to power, they would flood russia with blood, that is, he directly he definitely writes that blood would flow endlessly, and it would be a dictatorship there, pestel directly said that it would be necessary to temporarily establish a dictatorship, that this blood would flow, and it seems to me that very many. Educated people whose names also today, in particular pushkin, in many ways it was repulsive, the fact that we remembered pugachev, we remembered the 16th century, well, remember, pushkin clearly says in the captains daughter, although this is a missing chapter of the captains daughter, that people who are plotting revolutions in our country are either young and do not know their people, or hardhearted people, for whom someone elses head is worthless, and their own neck is a penny, it seems to me that this is an accurate description of the decembrists. Here Nikolai Mikhailovich karamzin is like this since he noticed the tragedy of nicholas ii very well. Lets listen. This is the absurd tragedy of our crazy liberalists. God grant that there are not so many true villains among them. The soldiers were only victims of deception. Sometimes a Beautiful Day begins with a storm. Let it be so in the new reign. The image of nicholas i is indeed very complex, probably the most difficult to construct. For directing, in general, as you saw him and see him now, well, in cinema, the main character is considered the one who has the biggest arc, when there was a film, in the series we balanced this , there was a feeling, we asked in focus groups who the main character is, the main character turns out to be nikolai, because a person who at the beginning of the film could not do many things, at the end became completely different, in this his , if we talk from the films point of view, about what happened to him, from the point of view. Life of modern life there was a unique case regarding those executed, both on a commercial basis, there was a large Internet Company that was supposed to support the film, we discussed , they said, remove the last title about nikolai, i say why, well, its true, he says, you know, well, this is wrong, come on, if you remove it, we will support, no, leave yourself, that is, this is still a relevant, live message for the audience, who is this person, what he was, this is the one who broke his neck there. Reforms that were supposed to change russia, or the man who saved from bloodshed, one of the most striking, tragic figures. The film ends with us where the story of the decembrists ends; we do not go further with it. But we would definitely like to give the audience an impetus to to see him, to understand him, because assessments vary extremely, just like alexander, who from being blessed there at the beginning of the kingdom became hated at the end, nicholas also has very different periods, because he is practically a person who is ready to lead reforms, then , what pushkin saw, the one who collected it, instructed his adjutant to collect the useful. The most harmful in a notebook, he kept one of the notebooks on his desk after interrogations, in order to understand what these people wanted, he began by studying this experience, and benckendorff, who also became, for liberal, lets say, thinking brand of a villain, a very complex, very interesting character, who seemed to be inflamed by his truth and thirst for justice, and here in general is a very, very interesting story in order to be addressed to today. And the fact that it was alive an attempt to figure it out, to study, but at the same time we have notes from nikolai pavlyvich at many points, and there it is also clear how this thought went, but Nikolai Pavlovich became in many ways a hostage, unfortunately, like any great leader, he reigned for 30 years, so what is this time changed, two generations of social life passed, they actually survived, that is, the decembrists became during this time , almost by virtue of legend, martyrs, so when the coronation. An amnesty came out , they began to be returned back, they were already perceived as heroes, although they themselves , we know this very well from memoirs, we didnt really understand, but that everyone was trying to get away with it, many, like the same aninkov and goebel , generally somehow felt discomfort, some kind of feeling about the attention that was focused on them, but again in the force of political necessity in 1856 and the entry into power of the Young Alexander ii, well, this often happens, let us blame everything bad on our predecessor. Thats why we have nikolai palkin, all these horrors that could have been there, they were all taken there, well, this even manifested itself in small things, about Nikolai Pavlovich, he did not smoke and generally forbade smoking, immediately everyone called them cigars, began to smoke everywhere , well, you see, yes, that is, such opposition, it is typical, they came with alexander ii as a young emperor, a young team, therefore gradually, including largely under the influence of nikolaevich tolstoy, who was very critical of nicholas i, as already a young officer. The final part of his reign, then of course, a lot arose from here, one must understand that , unfortunately, as the emperor ruled for 30 years, the number of those dissatisfied with him only increased, and of course, by the end, all this dissatisfaction it was projected onto the perception of the decembrists, oh, how good it would be if they could realize all this there, well, its an illusion, but you have to understand nikolai palovich , in literature, the image, i think that well. In the case, lets say, i took into account this story with the decembrists, in the big case, let s say, i was afraid of what happened and lets say, that in 20 years he will then do this to the petroszewtsy , when this clownish trial is played out, when they are sentenced to death, at the last moment, when three of them are already standing at the barriers, and two commands are heard get ready, aim, and supposedly, a courier galloped up in front of the command and reported that they were being pardoned, instead of being shot they received 4 years of hard labor, well, it seems to me that this is a desire to take into account what happened to the decembrists and to frighten people so that they are frightened for the rest of their lives. Oleg rudovolchivch, in your opinion, nikolai. Nikolai is, of course, a knight of legitimism, and as a knight of legitimism, by the way, gershenzon has a wonderful and completely unexpected job for many. Nicholas i as a constitutional monarch considers his reign as tsar of poland, shows that he was in general. In the sense that this man tried to change russia without changing the most important thing, his policy on the peasant question, very correctly, in my opinion, was called by vasily iosipovich klyuchevsky, government slaps on the sore spots of serfdom , just like that. Yes, Nikolai Pavlovich is a complex figure, but he created in many ways the state machine of our country, which then existed until the seventeenth year, he was the first who succeeded in the task of state codification of laws, before that everything was completely fragmented and there was no single set of laws russian empire, this is him too, and the pulkovo observatory, the railway, and also nicholas i. In central asia in the middle east, wars with persia, but he lost his main war, but he did not manage to lose his main war, he died when the war was not in perfect order. Therefore , the question here, in fact, also remains open, as in answer to the question, who is the decembrist . Military men who took up arms against the authorities could legally be shot without any trial, and they would have done this in any country, but nikolai understood the dilemma well they want to make me a tyrant or a coward, but they will not succeed in either one. The investigation took place for several months. Court, we know that out of 35 people sentenced to death by the court, 30 remained alive, five were executed, but why find the answer to this question during the investigation, nikolai and many others, this is how it is said in the film that the decembrists answer, why, tell me, why did you do this, i suggested you achieve on. I defeated nikolai semyon, that i changed russia forever. Or the interrogation of apostle muravyov, which speaks out even more sharply. I havent been to confession at Holy Communion since 1821, why . Were you afraid to talk about your plans . There is nothing to worry about, but now , not now, i dont understand you, its very easy for you to understand us, you are the same as us, no, there is a difference between the legitimate authorities and impostors who imagine themselves to be the saviors of the fatherland, there is no difference. The 19th century, the National Genius that grew up, the National Spirit that gave birth from itself, and what happened in political life, lagged behind in opinion. Those who lived and breathed during this time from of what was happening in the inner life of people, a new modern man was born , two unworn generations passed, this is a term used by pushkin, that well, technically, catherine made it so that the nobles could no longer serve, this is not just the abolition of some political the introduction of political privileges of the nobility, and this abolition of corporal punishment, were suspended, these people came forward and became victims of that era and in many ways formulated for future generations the same imperative that we understand, we are honest, we light ones, we are fighting for everything good against everything bad, a simplification of the decembrist myth that happened over the centuries, the april, february, excuse me, revolution of the seventeenth year. As always, the demon is in the details, and these details, well, we tried about that to tell in your film, for cinema this kind of thing , how actions are especially shown, because as a rule people say some things that, well , only a madman allows himself to have a direct dialogue, usually everything in a persons speech is based on retaining a certain meaning, on the fact that that speech does not have a direct character, but action always has a direct character, they came out. To the square and nikolai went to the square, and this action speaks of the intentions of these people. If we talk about plans, we also touched on this today, well, it seems to me that they were not as naive as it may sound, because the task was to cut down the top of the government in st. Petersburg, they hoped for a conspiracy in the first and second armies located in melorussia, when trubetskoy, in principle the most experienced military officer of the general staff, intended to withdraw troops from the city. He wanted to threaten the authorities and expect that the officers who are in the conspiracy and are in the armies of the south will come to help create pressure on the authorities. Why the fatal shots were fired is also understandable, because night was approaching, if the troops had been given the opportunity to remain in the square, they would have been uncontrollable in the giant city, they would have joined the uprising, obviously declassified elements who also. Lets listen to what he said. What if another half an hour had passed, night would have fallen and the city would have remained a victim of 3. 00 armed soldiers, half of whom were drunk. At that moment i thought with horror that the fate of russia was in the balance, that its existence could in a minute depend on a crowd of rabid soldiers and mobs led by a few madmen. What feeling and what position . And zhukovsky knew the mood in the capital, well, he knew the mood. Our wonderful poet, fyodor ivanovich, who wrote his famous quatrain. Lets listen. The people, alien to perfidy, vilify your names and your memory for. Posterity like a corpse in the ground buried, tyuchys position is quite unambiguous in relation to the victim s reckless thought, you hoped, perhaps, that your blood would become scarce in order to melt the eternal pole, as soon as it sparkled, it flashed, on the centuriesold peak of the ice, the iron winter died, and there were no traces left, this is how this poem ends, the question, of course , was forgiven, it doesnt matter, but this myth began to take shape, including about the sufferers who were hanged without trial, the spanish decembrists, field marshal tarejos, and his 48 companions were shot on the beach near maloga, which did not prevent them from becoming exactly the same victims, symbols, and martyrs , indeed, many regicides became symbols and martyrs, if they especially did not succeed, but indeed, the trace that the decembrists left in our history, it was very deep and longlasting, as apparently , it is still present with us, but the decembrists really laid the foundations of this revolutionary tradition in our country, as hercin, whom i already quoted, wrote about, well, lets say nikolai ogorev, with whom, together with herzon, he swore to in the thieves mountains to fight the autocracy, well, let me remind him. The work of rayleighs memory was whispered everywhere, notebooks were passed around in lists, we were children with timidity in our eyes, the sounding verse for the sake of freedom, secretly repeated at night, the riot, having flared up, froze, the execution woke up , here are five hanged people, our hearts silently shuddered, but a living thought stirred, and the path was marked for all life. And the path is marked for all life. And many nobles took it up. Both kirensky and lenin were nobles. Palaces of the seventeenth year. Both. They thought themselves as continuers of the work of the decembrists. This is what alexander fetrovich kirensky wrote. Who gave birth through the decembrists to hercyn, the peoples will, the great russian writers, the nameless thousand of cultured youth who went to the cathars in the name of. The liberation of the people through 1905 and the state duma, the direct road led to the spring days of 1917, well, from the spring days there was a direct road to the autumn days, and of course one cannot help but remember vladimir ilvich in this regard, lenin, honoring hercyn, we see clearly three generations, three classes operating in russian revolution, first the nobles and landowners, the decembrists and hertzin, a narrow circle of these revolutionaries, they are terribly far from the people, but their cause was not lost. The decembrists woke up hercyn. Hertzin launched revolutionary agitation. Well, further, we know how our story went. In general, the influence of the decembrists was indeed quite fundamental, despite the failure of the uprising. Well, actually, i think that their fate after the uprising, their worthy behavior, is already in siberia, there or in those places where they are sent, there in the caucasus, for example, their, uh, contacts with the creative environment, its not for nothing that they called pushkin here, and in general this epic, the behavior of their wives, it was later that russian women were brought to nekrasov, my friend, well shine a lot of light, these are the lines we taught us at school, and this is of course this legend that arose later, strictly speaking , was not the essence, what was important was what was inside initially, this is a wonderful image, it motivated and inspired everyone, because the most important thing. The component of this image was that, unlike from the regicides of previous generations, these people did not put their personal the purpose of this coup , that was probably the fundamental novelty of what happened, that if we allow the saricide of paul i, there were among them people who were offended, people who tried to change something for themselves, people who were involved in all sorts of vpalinsky intrigues , we can also look further at the rest, there was originally a message here, when people who seemed to have everything, thats what the film shows very well, as if through the mouth of colonel gebel, who says what do you mean, you have a father senator, what . You still need reforms, yes, you have everything there. They were considered, well, people, to put it mildly, with he says, you could be contemplating regicide, with a damaged reputation, the same bootleg kutuzov, when, to whom the judge threw, as he says, it was you who told us this, you say, but your leadership, then this is just the legend, it inspired the following people, including from the nobility, from wealthy circles, to revolutionary asceticism in the name of a bright good idea, this was probably their great significance for our history countries, for a social movement, than these events 14. Which , in essence, well, to put it mildly, is nothing worthy of itself , if you look at it like this , for many people the events of december 14 first became known and were associated with the poems of Alexander Sergeevich pushkin pushkins the decembrists are a favorite topic for discussion at school, a classic topic for essays , but the topic is not easy, in the film with. There is no salvation, but the decembrists, this topic lives on, in my opinion, it can give very good results answers to the question of who the decembrists were, heroes or traitors, and pushkin and decembrist after advertising, madmen change the world, go to the square and go crazy, with every butterfly i have. A military episode, or a political character, or a collision that i remember now in moscow, when i look at my collection, scouts on a boat walked along the pits of this aircraft carrier, they scooped out from the sea all the rubbish that fell from the aircraft carrier, sodden paper, bottles, some boxes, they hoped among find this rubbish. Precious information, on a dull cloudy day i put on my orders, it was my parade, i walked alone in the drizzling rain across red square, premiere, alexander prokhanov, confession, tomorrow at first, so forward, left, shoulder theres a big story on the air, decembrists, traitors or heroes . Many people were looking for the answer to this question, including, of course, Alexander Sergeevich pushkin, from pushkin the acquaintance of many with the decembrists began, everyone, of course, at school learned poems in the depths of siberian ores, but who graduated from school long ago, let us remind you that in in the depths of siberian ores, keep proud patience. Your sorrowful work and thoughts, high aspiration will not be wasted, heavy shackles will fall, prisons will collapse, and freedom will be received joyfully at the entrance, and the brothers will give you the sword, less known, the tenth chapter of eugene anegin, restored, where they also spoke about the decembrists. Members of the whole family gathered with the harsh tide, with the restless nikita, with the cautious ilya, and in free reasoning, about the government of the people, they valued above words the reason of sharpened bayonets, but rabispierres inheritance did not bother them, because that the enlightened mind is given the choice of both the goal of the means and of russian truths, an unfaithful swarm was already circling. It is unclear where it came from, a more evil tyrony than the one with which the revolutionaries fought , that is, with the evasiveness of life, the ambiguity of the direct path to the truth, well, thats it why pushkin is beautiful, alive, in general, this secret freedom , which he talked about all the time, it generally passed through a generation, well, pushkin, his worldview was formed under the influence of petrakovichaev in the very. In his early years , so when we talk about pushkins and decembrist, then we must understand that the ideals of those early societies that arose were completely included in him, in fact, chadadaev was also involved in the investigation, but was not punished, because he very early moved away from these secret societies, which had already entered a decisive stage during the phase of the conspiracy , the conspiracy to kill the royal family , he was in the circle of this communication, he knew many, but he did not know about the plans of society in full, then its very simple we also perceive the decembrists again within the framework of that myth, o whom we have mentioned here more than once, through pushkin, if he was a friend of pushkin, then he is good, you see, yes, he cannot be bad, but because we admire, love, especially when excellent terms are accompanied not only by the fact, when the uprising had already taken place and the lines drawn there were dedicated, which we heard, but this is poetry and freethinking, he was considered a singer, well, just like dzhukovsky was the singer of the uprising of russian soldiers during the war. Based on this, of course, for us this is very important because we naturally project our admiration for pushkin onto these people, and this , of course, is also a key component of the myth we are talking about today. Yes, i think that first of all, of course, the singer of the decembrists is griboyedov, and not, that is, for them it was the figure of griboyedov, the figure of chatsky. As for pushkin, we clearly see that. Already by the twentythird year, that is, 2 years before the uprising, he disagreed with the decembrists in his views, this can be clearly read in his poem of freedom sower desert, where he clearly says that freedom cannot become a consequence of a violent change in power, that freedom can only become a consequence of enlightenment, the growth of selfawareness, civic growth, only this will prepare the ground for transformation, so in the twentythird year he is already leaving, in fact, even in the eighteenth year, when he writes to kchaadayev , even there it is already clear how much his position does not fit into the narrow position of the decembrists, when he writes, for example, that for us freedom is as organic as a lover awaits young moment of a faithful meeting, that is , for me, love and freedom are wonderful, here are the decembrists with their ascetic ideal, give up love, devote yourself entirely, yes, this does not fit into pushkin at all, but here again this is a story about that it is their loss in the uprising that makes them heroes, and the decembrists certainly became heroes. Now for pushkin they are no longer decembrists, they are friends who found themselves in the depths of the siberian ores, so maintain proud patience, not even humility, that is, do not humble yourself, yes, but patience, be patient, but how much you endure, freedom will joyfully accept it at the entrance, and the brothers will give you the sword, yes, that is , now this is a completely different story, and this famous question that the emperor asked pushkin, yes, what would you do if on december 14, 2025 you ended up in st. Petersburg, because pushkin answered him very accurately, he said, i would have been with my. I dont belong to the conspiracy of the rebels on december 14 had no political connections, but it announced in magazines that it had fallen and those who had any information the conspiracy was not announced about the police, my future behavior depends on the circumstances, on the governments treatment of me, and so on. So, all you have to do is rely on my prudence, you can demand from me evidence of this new quality, here they are. In chisinau i was friends with major raevsky, general pushchin and orlov. I was a freemason in the chisinau lodge, that is, in the one behind which everyone in russia was destroyed. Lodge, i was finally in touch with most of the current conspirators, this is what he wrote to his my closest friend, probably pyotr vyazimsky , i never liked rebellion and revolution , this is true, but i was in contact with almost everyone and in correspondence with many of the conspirators, all the outrageous manuscripts circulated under my name, just as all obscene manuscripts circulate under the name of barkov , if i had been demanded by the commission , then of course i would have been justified, but they left me alone and it seems that this is not good, i would also recall pushkins poems, written a few years later of the famous message to siberia, no, im not a liar, when to the king, i am a song i sing praises, he. Was extremely skeptical almost in the same way as rostopchin was skeptical about them , his last joke is trampling, that trampling, that in france shoemakers are making a revolution in order to become counts, and in our country the counts are making a revolution in order to become shoemakers , yes, so thats it, well, here too , there are scavengers, we judge only by the work of goreatum in chadian, in general , such a character is quite good, yes, we see a lot of bile of skepticism from him, but at the same time we dont see there none of those bright, bright images of ideas, which pushkin sang in his poems , thats why the question is so complicated, we have a secret brothers union, well, this is precisely in favor of ridicule of all these secret societies, which devetov himself also escaped punishment, but later we know him sadly. Fate, but in general, with the careful analysis that the Investigative Commission carried out, who was somehow involved in all this, griboyadov turned out to be completely outside this entire agenda, well , he was involved, and well, like chiodayev of course, there and like pushkin, we just saw it, but at the same time the analysis was very similar, but griboyedov got off easy, he wrote a letter to nicholas i, he quickly amnestied him and sent a little bit, at first not negotiations, and then ambassador to tehran, which is true to yours. This is truly a historical drama, which can be called a blockbuster and in modern language, which actually very accurately describes what happened, the complexity of our history, and maybe there is a nobility in those who really dont know anything about russia and they are ready to lead it to the chopping block, thats the problem, and pushkin, in fact, he largely figured out this situation and pushkin before. Not everyone knows, but the date under pushkins poem does not always mean the day it was written, often the date refers to some event that happened on that day, one very famous poem by pushkin, which you all know, is dated september 8, 1826, what happened on that day . At the end of august 1826 , pushkin, in his seventh year and already in exile, enjoyed his last summer days in mikhailovsky, he is scandalous in the country, popular in public circles, but he is in exile, where alexander i sent him. In moscow, the celebrations accompanying the coronation of emperor Nikolai Pavlovich and on his First Official working day in this post on august 28, the emperor gave order to the chief of the main staff, general dibich. Named pushkin, so which poem is dated september 8, 1826, with spiritual thirst there, in the wedding desert i turned, and the sixwinged seraphim appeared to me at a crossroads, with fingers as light as a dream , he touched my zinis, a few things opened up, like those of a frightened eagle, like trumpets in the desert, i lay, and the godeye cried out to me arise , prophet and vishti, be filled with the will of the seas, and bypassing the seas and lands , with the verb, burn the hearts of people. Pushkin found a mission. Since september 1826. Hello, this is the Popular Science podcast schrodingers cat, and i am its host, the chief editor of the schrodingers cat magazine, grigory tarasevich, and we are talking about how the most ordinary things can be viewed as points. Do firstly which product comes to our kitchen, it needs to be processed with something, this is directly a tool for cooks, chefs who process food to make their work easier, for this there is such a very interesting tool for boning, again for game or something else, a knife is a tool that is needed and essential in the kitchen. Nikolay, i think your answer will be more complex, what does it mean to cut . All bodies everything that surrounds us, consist of tiny particles, atoms, which are in constant motion over short distances; they are attracted to each other, when we try to completely reduce these distances, push particles close to each other, they repel, so imagine a cloud of smoke, it. Uh, okay