Stopped traffic in several cities, in fact. Such that the ditch overturned buses, flooded hundreds of buildings, meanwhile Great Britain is languishing from the heat in london above 30 degrees, according to forecasters. It was included in the top 10 hottest kingdoms of all time, took off and the southwest of france broke the september 36 temperature record above zero. Such news to this minute. See you soon. Today we are fabulously lucky, we were pleased with stories about our bright bright. Mish is evidence of life. I congratulate you. Thanks friends. And i want to tell the audience if there is such a second, and i am very glad that valera syutkin has me on the program today, because he is a wonderful person. A great musician, an artist of the highest class, with whom i love respect, and i just have happy day today, thank you, thank you. I wanted to say at the end. Its a pity that the person misha is talking about now didnt come, but its ok, nothing valeria sutton Mikhail Shufutinsky podcast of the melody of my life. Listen to the song third of september and let this one speak, uh, modern youth. May this work bring joy to us for many, many more years. Everything is good. See you again. Everything, not everything is wrong, you are my friend. I am yours enemy. How is everything with you and me . It was accepted in love. We swore, but alas , the yellow leaf flew along the boulevards of moscow. Day of farewell is the day when pots burn like bonfires, they burn. Promises, where when im behind everything alone i turned the calendar over and again three september. September, but why, but why did we have to part because everything was serious with us. Taro in september your daughter and my son Everyone Wants warmth and affection. We are in love, as we played a game in the cold with you, but he came with himself on the third of september, the day of farewell, the day when they burn. How fires burning . Ah, the promise is the day when i am alone with everything, i turned the calendar and again on september 3 in the photo. I looked at yours and again on the third of september, but why, but why did it come to us to part, because we had everything in septembers health, but why did it come to us to part. September and again the third of september in the photo, i looked at yours and look, but why did we have to part . Its great september, but why did we have to part, because everything was serious with us the second. Hello, schrodingers cat podcast and i am its host grigory tarasevich, the editorinchief of the magazine, you wont believe the schrodinger code either, and today we will talk unexpectedly in cats and together with our guest miroslav volkov , a professional zoopsychologist. Well talk about what our fluffy. These are the ones that run, purr, and meow, in fact. This is a big serious scientific topic miroslav once again. Hello. Lets start with history, look. Here is a popular book, in particular , they write code, it was home then, then, then , then, how did they know people in general, when and where there was a domestic cat for a start, we need to understand what a domestic cat is, that is, this is a process when a cat came to our house, and we began to perceive it as well, for example , a Family Member or when we had just begun to get to know her and select individuals from wild conditions. Ah, on the basis of loyalty to the person and applying. This is an animal for some purpose. And for example, the most banal and most dominant theory that we now think is the protection of grain, when we have already settled well enough from rats from mice and other rodents and , accordingly, the preservation of our supplies so that we can survive there in the winter and other unfavorable times, as i remember earlier they wrote in books, the cat first became a domestic ancient in egypt, i remember the goddess bucks, i remember all sorts of images of cats. Well, ive been reading the latest works, well, the last decades, and it turns out that everything is much more complicated. Theres a whole detective there. Uh, there was a discovery in cyprus, they found the tomb of some ancient local person. Next to 40 cm lies a corpse. Sorry kitties. On there are no wild cats in cyprus, that is, he was specially brought there and specially buried. How did people know how many years they have been writing all the time. These are finds of some years, right . See there is carbon. We consist of it in many ways, we eat it, and so on and so forth, but up there. I mean, not in the authorities, but in the upper atmosphere, cosmic rays are mistaken for atoms and radioactive carbon14 appears. It comes to us and we eat it. It is in our body. Do not be afraid. Were a little radioactive for this. But when we we stop eating, that is, we die. It starts at the same rate to decay its rate is stable, 5. 700 years halflife. And here is the amount of this isotrope. It can be quite clearly defined when this or that subject of life went to another world and these remains were dated there. In cyprus and there , the age is nine and a half thousand years, and this partly immediately reveals the history of the causes of the domestic day, because in the world there was only one, in my opinion, important revolution of the october french american not i think. This is the neolithic revolution, when people stopped only eating what they caught and collected and began to accumulate something, and then a problem happened that you already said rats, mice, rats. Imagine, in the sweat of your brow, some kind of stone or hoe built up grain for yourself and collected it in a hangar. The tailed one came there, the creature ate it. You know how embarrassing. Well, yes, such a self and then wandering somewhere, it means some kind of wild creature, which turns out to be useful. And they seemed to agree that the current middle east cyprus, turkey a little bit of iran iraq there seems to be like cats, at least carbon analysis proves it, but there is a whole bone war for the right to be the first cat. This is where the egyptians came in. They say, no no, we have the remains of cats that had a clear fracture of the stamina of the entire bone and after that they lived for a long time, otherwise they were looked after, which means that this is a truly domestic cat. Here come the chinese. No, the first cats were ours. Here, look at them fed with millet. We figured it out somehow. Just the first culture in our area. Ours were before. Well, its not quite like that, they didnt feed crumbs to the chinese, its just that they found rolls. A cat that i gave you a mouse, which in turn ate, simply, that is, its a little more complicated for them, and technically it is considered with europeans. And in particular. Well , they are like c europeans with people of eastern ancient civilizations. This is how we call it. Of course, they really compete in this, but, of course, they agreed a little on one thing that the chinese they really tried to domesticate the animal cat, but they tried to develop their native breed, which would have been bred from local wild cat species. But then, when the european cat was domesticated, stepnaya came to them. Still. She forced out three attempts to bring her breed out of her wild cats, because she was already ready, roughly speaking, she was already domestic, she was military to humans. She has already been selected for the ability to catch these mice most effectively. At the same time, not only killing, but also bringing, so to speak, reporting. Here and actively cooperate with the person in this matter. And so they abandoned their attempts to carry out their experiments on breeding their own domestic cat. Look, here comes the second question. Who directly . Ancestor, because there are a lot of wild cats in the world and there was a study based on another method , another buzzword, in addition to the radiocarbon method. This is the mitochondrion, the mitochondrion is ours. Well, also such a domestic creature by and large. Uh, there was once a bacterium, and so she liked to live inside. U cell that she became a part of our cells, her own little dna, which biologists love very much, because it is possible to trace absolutely the entire history of the genus from it, because it is transmitted only from the mother and the americans took a thousand different wild domestic cats and very different ones and compared the genomes that are mitochondria. And it turned out that our domestic cats one species as an ancestor is a specific yes. This is the steppe she is our near east spotted physics. Yes, it is the most then we just started to select. And when we had ah, not quite so in theory in theory, unlike dogs. We didnt pull her in. She became herself, come to us. That is, if we selected the volkov dog for various, er, signs, and they themselves somehow approached us. We domesticate them. Or i put them under the camera , tamed them, trained them, and so on, and selected them according to various characteristics that would be useful in different categories of the economy for hunting for protection. For anything. Here, with cats, everything is a little more complicated. We just took a steppe cat to ourselves and essence. We didnt do anything with her. We had stocks of grain. We have already become sedentary animals. And accordingly, we went on like this. Well, i would say that Rapid Economic Development is due to the fact that we have resources that we protect from someone more, who does not have less, but at the same time they can disappear, and just the cat she helped. By itself, e solve the problem of preserving this grain from various parasitic rats, mice and so on, but in fact, yes, because the cat did not receive a person care, but at the same time she received some bait and the opportunity to hunt almost without borders, and at the same time her food ration expanded, because, but she received many, many different mice not from here, how would we start breeding her, and then she at the beginning we saw how beautiful she is, how cool she is. She began to get used to us. We began to get used to it and, accordingly , the windows became our pets. And it is believed that it was at this moment that the steppe cat. She turned into a house cat precisely on the basis of a persons loyalty, first of all, but at the same time she still had others, as it were, the characteristics of her wild comings. This is the ease of hunting, they have lost the instinct of killing, because our cats are one of the few that love to kill, which it is for fun right, but the nature of the buzz kills this, and one of their features. Many gardeners. They can see it, that is, when they let the cat out to run, the cat very often brings moles, birds, mice, and everyone who may be left in front of the porch, but with it does not eat its prey. A lot of people did not watch me in the video that the cat brings the mouse. She is still barely alive. She tries to escape the cat and catches again. I have seen this myself in my city. Was a record. Seven mice in the back. And what about cats . Uh, the benefit from the fact that the mouse brought us, and in no way is it Just Entertainment for her, that is , she brought it, but because she thinks, this is her house, that is, he is in her house. Thats how i said, but a certain source of resources. That is, it is food, water, warmth, shelter, affection, owner and so on. And just now, that very moment when her house was connected with some pile of grain, which must be guarded, because she knows that a mouse will come there. Now she is our home, our apartment there. It doesnt matter where we live, she perceives it as a place where it is stored, a certain pile of grain, namely cat food, yes, which can be used as food, or a bait for this food, and therefore , of course, mice are brought to us there when they bring them to the house, but she rather, yes, brings her temple home. A here i had the abode hypothesis. Interesting, heres your opinion. Why exactly a cat, and not some other animal named after him. Heres my hypothesis that in general its all about the optimal size, see the cat is big enough to catch a rat. Uh, well, not big enough to be hard to feed if im a finished rat. And i would say in another way that rats cannot run out in the sense that cats are not really big enough to catch a rat, very few cats are able to catch rats. I assure you, because that, for example, we have certain breeds, such as maine coons, for example, american ones, which were specially bred to catch rats. We know they are much more. Thats right , physically more so that they can suppress a big plump, greedy, very smart and ferocious rat. Thats because the rats are very difficult to catch the british. For this, even a certain breed of dog, yorkshire terriers, was introduced, which were also oriented specifically to hunt for rats. That is, they had their own , as it were, abilities for this, technically, as if only a cat she didnt change in size for some reason, because nature herself made her such a size. That is, if we put a typical domestic cat , even if there is some legendary from the yard, and suppose our felicie libika, which is the size of the color according to the shape of the face of the ears, if well, it will be one to one of our domestic cats. I think that the layman for and we even with you just like that the steppe cat will run past us, but we wont even understand that this is not our usual domestic cat that we are used to. And thats just the nature of us they kept it, because nature created the perfect predator in this regard. That is , our domestic cat it is much more effective in terms of killing hunting and searching for prey than any other predators. Its dimensions are approximately, that is, from here. We have a rather big environmental problem, because our cats have spread like no other, and accordingly, when we let her out just like that for a walk, if we put her place of residence, like in the center of the circle thats it, the radius of this circle is drawn somewhere meters 300, then , sooner or later, there will be practically nothing left of a living cat over this area. Scary, but see another study to read about comparing the genomes of wild cats of various kinds. And our home and of course the difference is very small. Well, even from the photograph you can see that you cant distinguish the steppe forest of our domestic vaska, well, there, already at the genome level , neurotransmitters are produced differently, that is, substances respond through behavior. That is, there is more dopamine, that is, she is more happy more affectionately. And how do i it seems to be largely due to this that she is so integrated into our family. Eh, when is it no longer necessary to catch mice . I believe it is, not a mediator system. She seems to be really plastic. Shes plastic enough. In all social animals, because after all , uh, shes more libica. Hmm, not as social as a domestic cat. At least they moved, 10 years of artificial selection did change. Firstly. Yes, and , secondly, it allows her to adapt very actively. That is, we will look at a cat of ancient times, which is just. We hunted mice near a pile of grain and cats, which now they perform completely different functions, but for us it is in terms of the social development of mankind. Yes , exactly as the role of the development of our society, but at the same time, in fact, it is, as it were, so cool. Eh, everything works. It adapts so well to our life to the conditions of life in the city to the conditions of life, and hmm with us who live in the city yes, because the style of our life has also changed in this respect and accordingly, as it were understandable the fact is that its internal qualities also change evolutionarily, because those animals are selected that can quickly adapt to anthropomorphic facts. Lets move on to a domestic cat in the city, uh, she understands. This is good. She murmured and got expensive food more expensive than sometimes im a trouble to us, then she well, why are we going to do it . I would say so, with whom we would then make memes. That is, as a source of memes such a cultural factor. Yes, but as a cultural factor yes, probably, but as a cultural factor, it seems to me that she is a cat with us. Thats how much shes been with us shes a cultural factor, because if we take the ancient egyptians, who goes there , theyve made a religious cult out of her. And yes, even they buried a cat along with an ecological cemetery, and well look at us, and cats, they didnt leave our cultural life anywhere, in fact, because if we look at art there, er, of the middle ages, if we look renaissance leonardo da vitya something take the cat was one of any characters. So say we can do the conclusion is that the she cat has been in our culture for a long time, and she lives so close there and does not lose her position and therefore it is natural. Display in art, as Something Like here art is a mirror of our life, of course, a cat, it is also present there and hence the name mass and so on cat. We may be for this , or maybe so that we can find, probably the best friend nearby, because there are many theories, in general, why do we get pets, in the essence of our theory, in general, how to explain this . I have two cats, a dog, a turtle, and so on, but why we cant fully explain here is a difficult question, because here everyone is in their own garden and each of them has one. Uh, my good reasoning for this is that i like the theory more that we redirect our parental behavior to animals in need of care. About someone, not only from someone receiving some benefits, but also in return. We have to give something too. It is in us. And when we do not implement this behavior. We get very big psychological deviations associated with the implementation of this behavior and the cat. She us this to do cats adjust. Is it true that they meow . Uh, wild cats. Only children, not adults, see here. In fact, there are two theories, some people say that cats only communicate with each other. Others say that cats, on the contrary, communicate only with people through this vocalization, yes, that is, they say, meow moore. This is the whole gamut of sounds that they can make, they have learned to do it. Only for us. In fact. This is wrong, because even if we look at just ordinary cats that have not lived at home for several generations. That is, for example, in summer cottages in snt anywhere. We can watch when one code approaches another and such, maybe meow. You know, this is what he says like this, uh, the other one answers him. Well, like hes meow, so he says, like, i can come , hello, this is for them, this one means, hello , im glad to see you, and the other is already looking at him and thinking, knowing these, i dont know what is from you you can expect some and so on. And then the answer could follow. Like, you can come up to me, or i dont really want to communicate with you anymore, here or a, for example, the code on the other can hiss. Here, or the most famous one is march cats, when they have such a deaf uterine, we are more often like a cow. This sound is for the whole area, in short, people think they are sitting like that, and this whole localization is there, and it is directed to first of all, communication between the two of them. That is why we are talking about the fact that indeed, cats meow and communicate with each other, but its another matter that they , of course, they redirect this behavior to a person and try to understand a person understands them, and how they understand them from here. They perfected it. They dont play along with us here fall into a childish image to become children and get more marmalade. They dont play along. It `s naturally. For them behavior. She wants communication. She will remember. So she can, resurrect your bed. She can tear up the wallpaper. You can get up throw in her sneakers for her is also communication, you understand all the same about needs, except how to devour. Thats when you stroke her why . I generally like it. Well, because she is also a social animal in the sense that she also needs communication and also needs to receive. Yes, of course, of course, that is, this is a form of communication that is geared towards close physical contact between different species, because when we pet a dog, when we pet a cat, we enjoy the release of oxidation, pleasantly warm, and nature, who strokes a cat is different cats, but physical contacts between cats, they are amazingly rich with each other and with variety. That is, if we look at some animal populations of the animal group, they are united among themselves, as a rule, cats, which are lower. At home and lets say, by the way, some who live at home, they unite in some groups of comrades, so to speak, groups of friends, that is, it is difficult to call them, and it is difficult to call them a family, they are friends. These are just friends without any sexual text. And if they are stylized, yes, if they are intact, then this sexual overtones, he appears only during the breeding season, when the cat is ready, but this is closer to spring. Well , i really like to have sex. Sorry , no cats. And how do we think that cats . No, i dont know about kota but cats dont, it even hurts them, but how would nature work in such a way that it programs animals for certain behavior that leads to sexual intercourse and then the birth of kittens. Well, they get satisfaction from this, as the satisfaction of instinct, you know, but they dont get pleasure from it in the understanding that we laying down. But stroking all these pressings. This is no longer a pleasure. Yes , just right here. Everything goes back to what these groups of friendly cats are. There is also such a meme, when you take your finger , stick it out to your cat like that. He approaches and rests there with his nose. This is just one of the manifestations of behavior. Maybe you have seen very often when daggers meet who are friends. This is how they greet each other with their noses. That is, they sniff and sniff like this. Thats it. It is for them like hello. And this is think this is , as it were, one of the elements of physical contact, that is, it usually means that cats get along well with each other. One of those signs. Determine if your cats that you have are actually friends, but are they five together in the sense that they just have a bed and on one corner one code on the other corner is another, we are together like this, namely, when they sleep, having fired, embracing each other, relying completely, there is nothing decent in this, but a boy. I have nothing decent no, its like a kut and such a deputy for resolving the crisis in parentchild relationships in marital relationships, it would be nice if chris was talking about the crisis on the radio when parents dont let the child go, well , psychologically, they take a cat and everything seems to be fine, but the crisis remains unresolved and people would learn from cats to agree to communicate to be friends. I think it would be useful on the one hand. Yes, they really are that social they really are. We need it for communication for treatment, maybe maybe even our psychoemotional problems, because technically we are shifting the responsibility of a psychotherapist onto a cat. We have some kind of therapy , you know, and after all, if we poll the population. Why did you get a cat, we will have two answers, the first answer will prevail. This is because she is beautiful, and the second answer is because i feel good with her, she will listen to me and, uh, i enjoy communicating with her, and here the words of communication must be pulled out here. Out of context, but circle it in bold and you understand what im talking about after ilyins day. This is the girl here, this young man, deliberately giving out an angel to himself, found an innocent, clean one, recoiled from the witch. And the witch will take you anyway, dad, what if im crazy, where did you get these wedding earrings from. Ill drag you through the courts just to the whole wide world, and ill compare the gloom. Tomorrow after the program time with icons, and ill take this little thing and go. The podcast of schrodingers cat is with you and i am its host grigory tarasevich, editorinchief of the Popular Science magazine schrodingers code and our guest is the wonderful expert miroslav volkov is a zoopsychologist and, by chance, completely by the course of circumstances, he was cast. Here we are talking about schrodinger cats question about the metaphorical role of the cat. Who is this anyway . Its something very homely , very childish, very spontaneous. There is some kind of universal image of a cat in these meme metaphors. It seems to me that the universal image of a cat is very well described by kipling. A cat that walks by itself, but it is described there, i would say close to ideal, because it really is. After all, this image is a cat shooting at her. She is for the most part cool in her own account, nanny. She keeps the hearth, but at the same time walks by herself. That is, it is somewhat independent of a person, that is, it cooperates with us on a number of conditions, but at the same time it remains, uh, a little isolated. Yes, that is, you understand, we like it precisely because of its independence. It seems to me, because there is some kind of mystery in this. That is, it even seems to me that it has some kind of erotic overtones, because in this sense, we are also a cat very often in art in cinema. E superheroes are everywhere in comics. We have a cat its always some kind of creature. Well, in a sexy way, you understand what im talking about, and accordingly, this image is very clearly formed in our country. First of all, of course, it is something mysterious. This is something that is unattainable. It is something fragile, but at the same time it is something predatory. This is something you cant reach, and that you cant fully know and thats why its just that in our culture , in religious culture, and for different representatives of different faiths, the cat is divided into two, such as the devils cat and the cat from the god of some people was burned for communicating with cats. Here some cultures cats were considered the devil, and other people other cults, they revered the cat as a goddess and one of those animals that help people enter, and in the kingdom of the afterlife, yes, which escorts us not only throughout life, but even further. Well, this is a cypriot cauldron. Well, just a thousandyearold human afterlife quite right, and it is still with us and, accordingly, someone does not like cats at all. That is why a someone loves cats very much. That is why you see, and here, as it were, with a cat throughout its history, it seems to me personally that this is precisely the duality. It is present and therefore, probably, this image will be contradictory for different people , depending on the different cultural perception of personal experience with these animals. But this is what makes it beautiful, because the dog will write, but everything is clear with her. Theres enough in there. With all due respect to the dogs