Your hands or under water, and it will open. The same story happens with the dispenser, because, well, the density of this oil. Shes so good enough serious. Thats why you can just a little bit of a needle. Hmm. Heres a place to pierce, well, not just pierce a little, just clean it, but again keep it warmer, but this is oil. And at least all my friends with my supply keep at home and even if you dont , suddenly something for a quick deodorization treatment or lets say you need something hmm well, i dont know how to heal, then try patchouli not in its pure form, sometimes after all, you can use it either with water or with a compress, but in its pure form, it also works. God bless you all it is good that all this helps and that you get acquainted with those amazing tools for influencing your wellbeing. And even for eventfulness, oils just work on events. And i think that we will talk about this more than once. It was a witty podcast with you i was svetlana dear all episodes of the podcast project, paws. You can watch on the website of the First Channel one tv point ru hello, i am pilot cosmonaut anton shkaplerov, this is a podcast of space stories. Today my guest is Alexander Khokhlov , popularizer of astronautics, head projects on educational nanosatellites. Member of the Russian Academy of cosmonautics named after tsiolkovsky alexander tell me how you got into astronautics my way was books, that is, at an early age. I began to read books and the first book, which can be called science fiction. It was not my moon nosov. Imagine not knowing the wave, i became very interested in astronautics and space. After that, other books followed. This is from a textbook of astronomy, at least a small child. He already read, and before efremov kira bulychev. Bradbury and so on and reading fiction. For ten years i clearly understood that i wanted to do astronautics and brought you. Uh, rocket and space energy corporation. Tell us what we did there. Well because i had poor eyesight when i was in high school. And i looked at the requirements for astronauts. I knew that the pilots who go to the detachment have good eyesight, and the cleaning of engineers is excellent. It could have been yes excellent demolition. But the engineers were indulgent, and i realized that i needed to become a board engineer and therefore finish school. I went to college, i already know that then i will go to work in energy and got a diploma and went to energy, but i started my career. There, at the plant that makes ios progress spacecraft, i was just in the machine shop, where a large number of different parts were made, and the descent vehicle. Eh, just completely processed. And many systems like this at the initial stage of assembly were made in our workshop, where they worked as a technologist and production foreman. Then i became a soup specialist. There are two halls small ship control room. This is a separate ship control group and a large hall, which is controlled by the station by the russian segment of the kks and works with another segment of the american other interaction module. So i worked in the part that deals with the alexander station. I know that you tried to get in more than once. The author twice participated in closed sets and even participated in the first open one. Tell us how it happened and why it happened that you did not get into the detachment. Thats how it happened that in 2004 i was the only one who wrote a statement in energy, and even then we published in a newspaper that is given in energy, they wrote that we need candidates for astronauts. Come on, and then only one application, however, they wrote that it was my last name, but that was the name, but, but in the fifth year there were still those who wanted to, and as a result , elena serova and nikolai tikhonova were selected to cosmonauts as a result, only elena flew tikhonov could not fly. Well, i couldnt get through. I have had myopia since childhood. There is a meat grinder in the school. Why didnt i go pilots . Not with him i could not go through e military pilots, so i went because, but there was an opportunity. Uh, some requirements to get around there was such a sixth point, which allowed that if health is good, if the rest. You are normal, then it is acceptable for hands here, and there are still cosmonauts in the detachment up to 3 and in the detachment there are civilian astronauts who are shortsighted. So they flew into space with lenses or glasses. Yes, it was. I have the first start i remember exactly, i found lower the device. I was sitting in the center of the commander, and on the left and right side of the engineer, our american, who both sat in glasses. The fact is that according to that closed system , civilian cosmonauts had such. Heres an eye, there were ways to get around some health parameters. They were made easier , when open enrollments began in the twelfth year, they made health for civilians, like the military. Such zarutya all, as it were, botanists. Here are the engineers and scientists yes engineers engineers and scientists settled down, and the guys who are quite healthy in business after they have a Technical Education passed. Yes, there was such a set that, for the most part, they were people from business. Here and there, two people were from the ctc from the instructors. But in the end, they then ceased to be snaps. That was such a rare set. When there was not a Single Person from the industry, lets now talk about working in the soup, except. E. Koroleva the Mission Control center and what they did there, since the international station and it has several soups, that is, there is soup in japan and soup in europe. Here in houston, the main one in america, there is also a second hansele soup. But there is our main soup in korolev a, then there is always an interaction between the soup, and even this is the situation at the very dawn of the start of the iss, when there was a very strong hurricane in the usa. And they have many specialists from houston, where there was a hurricane , flew to the moscow korolev and controlled. The american segments from korolev were like this and for all such situations , there is always a fyutin group of boards in the moscow tsup. I remember we communicated with them all the time with the help of translators. They came to us, and so we answered their questions. That is, it is a constant interaction. Here in america there are always the russian regional management group. This is necessary first of all, because in the usa and in russia Different Countries of the zone have inverted time and you just need real people who are cheerful with you in the same time zone and you can ask questions. And probably how would they more correctly will be able to get information about their colleagues. Uh, on the other side. Yes, that is, because, uh, although the soup is always open around the clock, yes, but it still turns out that the main group of specialists are located precisely during the daytime, and in in moscow and in houston, they are different during the daytime, so there there were already living people who can answer promptly to some questions. Personally, i participated mainly in training groups. The fact is that the american specialists, before leaving the shift, they trained they worked on simulated situations at the station, that is, emergency situations. Well, any situation, there, uh, it could be fine. There could be no shtatki, and i and my colleagues. We acted out the russian segment and emergency situations in the russian segment, as the russian crew. And i was like an analysis group. That is, there was for three people. One crew acted the crew one acted as the Main Operator there from the rp and thats where i am, well, in general, but in principle, we have a flight director shift soup. Yes, srp family flight director. We have. Uh, vladimir solovyov, who is the flight director of the entire russian segment of the iss. And there is a whole group of change of flight directors, who every day with less than four people, two stations, one from the main and two ships. And here are four rps with her every day. Thats it. They just fly directly. Day and night, when the americans trained, when they did not pass exams, before they went on shift to manage a real station. They had to take an exam. And here we are at the exam too played our segment. We had script meetings when those who provide training or exams sat down on the circle, and we were there too and they told us, like, what kind of thing you can break. We told him. Here, lets break down the electron system today, which provides the oxygen station, makes it from water, and by electrolysis, and produces oxygen and hydrogen, which is released into the space of the station. So we came up with some kind of non staff. She fit into the program, and when here is the slot, well, there are several hours of probation change of exam or training and something happened to us. We played it. Uh, we had a kind of virtual virtuality cop. That was pretty interesting. And then i quite deeply understood our station as a whole, because while i was away from moscow in korolev, i was mainly engaged in reports and such Technical Support for the operation of the station, that is, it was some kind of delivery , an analysis of the situation precisely at the level of reports. That is, i wrote reports because i passed at the station uh, i was a space scavenger, then there u was in touch with the astronauts so that they properly put their space debris, uh, the progress spacecraft, so that later it would burn out from the atmosphere. Thats to ensure that the ship, departing from the station, could not deviate to the side there is a clear center. Mass, it was necessary to start firewood. Yes, therefore, the necessary things are of different weights. Well, the masses, well , i dont know about positive space, not only do we need a month, but we also need a direction. Well, yes, now, when you received your first flight of the radiogram of the earth, i left them according to the way thoughts lay. Well, plus for about a year i was an operator. That is, i walked for three days on the system already providing. These are all these systems that give. She is in this opportunity to live and work at the station to breathe, go to the toilet and so on. So i went to shifts and provided all this. Well, i heard that some kind of directly historical report was made at this time. Well, ive been pretty lucky. I dont know, uh, just in the last year we worked in the soup before i moved to petersburg, and at the station they changed from three people to six people and i dont know any chance i was very young, i was still very green, but i was appointed to issue a report on the transition to six people from the russian segment. That is, i went there to all the Main Department of energy, going to them, er, documents. Uh, this report was put together, and then i turned it in. And this report he summed up such a technical line that the station and, in short, our segment, since the segment is ready for the station to have six people , three russians and three from the american segment. This report, as it were, opened this path. This was the ninth year and at the end of the ninth year of 2009, and at the station they switched from three people of the main crew to six people from the crew, because the documents. You released me. Well, im just pleased that i took part in this big process of increasing the number of people in space. Well, yes, now there are already seven people in the entire crew growing. Challenge the last days with rentals. Of course, you can then watch it on the computer monitor in your phone. But all this is not the time to see the challenge, the way it should be seen on a huge screen with stunning we call you to the cinema. We continue the conversation with Alexander Khokhlov about the work of the soup. What was the daily routine . What time they got up, went to work, returned to work, what they did on weekends, everyone lived in two houses in the same hotel in the morning and had breakfast, and then they went to houston to work. So it turns out that the usual for weeks there was one exception, the stations of the american segment brought some new instruments to the station. Thats just when i was there in america and there was an increase in the night there in houston, when i was in russia day i was another shift shift, because when the shuttle is still there, except well, except for the station itself, except for the soyuz ships there is progress, and, well, this one additionally had some possible troubles, not staffs and there was an increase. And then it turns out that i didnt work in houston during the day, but at night and in order to promptly answer on the russian segment or get some help from colleagues, that s how it was usually such work, but i remember two interesting events one event messi went to new orleans on a tour to see the city, and this was after the hurricane. There was a famous hurricane, when well, in russia, many thought that the city did not exist at all, really, but in principle everything was more or less normal. We arrived and didnt find it. Not a single russian there. There were americans and french, a lot of french, because. Well, the colony is more french , a very beautiful city. There were a lot of people there. Uh, some trace of being there. There was no hurricane at all. Here there were no russians, because russians everyone thought that this city did not exist, but it was. That was surprising, because in houston, we met a lot of russians, but not in one orleans, and the second we had a very interesting tradition. I dont know if it continues today, but i really liked it when we played the usual english football at the usual School Stadium on saturdays. That is, there were american specialists who played american. Thats exactly european football. Here we were chasing the ball, and there the american girls participated everywhere there, especially not having to play, but such, as it were, i dont know, team building. Here we played football. There were our shifts. Here are those who work in houston, they translate e for our specialists. And here is such a, uh, teamview makes us american and i, of course, have bad broken english, but there i tried to communicate with colleagues, tried to communicate with uninterrupted people. Just like that, they were discussing something there. As best i could. But it was interesting, and i tried not to miss the games, that is, the game almost seems to be on saturday, where i myself play football badly. Well, they didnt play very well either. Thats but protection constantly. Well here he stood for the ball to serve. The main thing is to be in the team, yes, to invest in the Team Alexander , after the energy you went to work in st. Petersburg. And what were they doing there . Yes . I moved at the end of 2010 and got a job at the institute of robotics for Technical Support. This institute. He is primarily engaged in automotive technology, but there are several space departments. I worked in the space department. And then im from a spatula engineer, since i was called a spatula engineer. And there i became a design engineer promotion. Yes parallel, as it were, in parallel, that is, my category remained the first and there and there was the first category, but they decided to change the city and the enterprise and profession. Yes, that is, i became my basic specialty, because my mood allows me to be a technologist and a master craftsman. To the experimenters and the designer , so i became a designer and designer of space instrumentation, and we developed instruments for the iss, made equipment, and and accompanied him from the production of a cactus this is the height of the measures that in the soyuz ships determine the height the ship when it parachutes down in order to turn on the soft landing engine so that you dont hit your back and thats it, except with your back anyway. Well, yes softens, therefore, the soft landing engine is called. Of course, i would not say that there are enough soft bruises after such a landing. Well , its good if they work. Of course , the americans are very fond of talking. Uh, russian soft landing. Yes, there were cases when, in my opinion, it didnt exactly break the trigger. Yes , it did not work when they returned, well, such version that from cloud cover, well, it worked and, in short, they landed without engines, soft landing, well, alexander was. On the transfer feels good or vasilyevich and often by chance at work, therefore, everything worked out, thank god. Well, here it is. So uh, except for the first ship, all systems. Uh, for your ships, too, were with my participation. Although mostly. Of course, we did not develop, but accompanied the production. But it happened. What are these 10 years i worked with the republic of kazakhstan during this time. I greatly improved the documentation for production tooling there. Uh, these are the cactus gasospaces, that is, well, such a contribution, as it were, that will be. Well , probably until the end of the flight of the unions to act exactly. Well, i had to leave anyway. Yes, when the pandemic started. Uh, in the end, i went to private gear, and in a company that was not involved in the cosmic parish, and they didnt take me just to start the space direction. And we also have a small team of engineers that creates cupsats, this is the standard of educational satellites, which starts from one unit of such a small satellite of a cubic and scales up to 24 units, but we in our company make only three unit devices for universities. It is obtained by educational satellites to carry out school and university experiments in orbit. And today we have made two satellites so far and we are producing seven more satellites. Heres to me from the designer. Uh, i had to come to the leader in order to lead such a process. You make other satellites. Not the ones that Southwestern State University does. We make similar satellites, and the southwestern the university is now making two variants of satellites, those launched from the International Space station. Well, in outer space. Here oleg just took 10 pieces and launched them. Yes, it was in the twentieth year. Here, uh, they have a handle attached to an astronauts glove. Here is a cupsat exactly the same as ours, only they have it with this handle. And they put a special shield. E, to bite quickly slowed down and moved away from the iss very quickly. That is, well, in order to reduce the orbit faster, usually the bushes have such ones. Uh, oval shields dont. But they have there e to safety they did it. Thats it for the launches of the iss, they also make satellites for launching on rackets, like us, this is not there. And so far we have only launched from missiles. Uh, we havent reached the station yet, because here is the speef educational project , in which we participate, it only looks after launches on rockets, as well as university space, that is, there are two educational projects, there are spi and a university, and both of them are launched from rockets passing load is displayed on the upper stage and shot into space after launching the main large satellite. Here, and on the iss there are e other experiments, in my opinion, they are even called radiovs. Take yes, that is, launch. Call radios thats it. Oh well , it started with the fact that there was an old spacesuit that worked out its own, which goes out into outer space. Uh, there was a battery inside. Uh, the satellite was connected directly to the spacesuit and launched together with the spacesuit and thus it worked longer. He now these necessary satellites themselves take. Mm, the energy of the sun is processed and, well, seven, in my opinion, nine months to 3 years he fly. Well, thats it , it turns out that when with the iss, usually half a year, a too low resentment does not light up further. But when it launches on a rocket, then it should fly there for 456 years. Here, just spacesuits. I remembered on the internet. There is a video. Uh, where are two cosmonauts going out , this cosmos brings out the third cosmonaut and throws him into open space, and everyone says a horror story that the russian cosmonauts went out to watch his partner into space badly. Yes, but this here is educational experiments, just here, i i think the tourist should say this before hush, if he misbehaves, the video is shown, yes , show him this video. Alexander and in america there is a martian society, it is international and it has representation in very many countries. So they have two stations, one in utah and one in canada on devon island , there is a second station here, and these are hmm cylinders double decker. E, about 9 m in diameter. And a. Now the society has come up with such a project of a flight to mars when, uh, the return from mars is due to the use of martian resources, and these stations they sort of work out. This is a small part of the plan that they called as mars direct, that is, to mars directly. Here and uh, here at these stations , such serious longterm experiments are being carried out, such as we have there in moscow , the institute of medical problems is being conducted. Yes. Here are the sirius mars 500 experiments long experiments with specialists. At those stations, long term experiments were also carried out with the support of specialists, and a lot of short twoweek experiments are being carried out, which, in large numbers , are most often attended by students , some kind of planetary scientists, for their final work. The crew is international, but there are, and the crews of countries are international crews. In the most different. Here we are in 2013 became the first russian teams there were five people from russia for the first time before that not a single russian there was no. Here is a whole team after us. Yes, we normalized like that, uh, and off we went, but at the expense of such resources, and at the expense of our resources mainly, that is, yes, uh, card crews, i was looking for my own way of supporting, yes, that is, my work supported someone there, someone else supported, someone went there at his own expense, but part of our team was the team of the competition. There was such a competition to send a private lunar rover to the moon. And we had a team that made a discovery and we took this prototype then on this martian station, and there he walked to the sent. Well, yes, yes, these are such spacesuits, because in this experiment you can only go outside in spacesuits. And so, there was a very bright, scorching sun and usually, like on spacesuits, there is a special shield that covers from the sun. Yes, and so the cd is so golden, but it wasnt there, and we are all wearing glasses. Well i mean plating with gold purely uhhuh and we were wearing glasses solar in glasses, that is, on a helmet. We had goggles, and there under the streaming and goggles the helmet is closed. Heres an example of the case that this is an experiment. Eh, and, of course, when it floods you open the helmet there, open it into such an impossible as it was distributed. E position was the commander. Yes, we had five people, unfortunately, we all had guys, and there was a sixth girl, a doctor, but she did not have time to get a visa, she could not go. She received a visa, where we have already returned. Thats why it took five. We had a commander. I was deputy commander, and there was a Flight Engineer who was in charge of all the systems of the station , a geologist who determined the exit program, when we went out he took a lot of samples and photographed. He just taught at the moscow State University at the circle of geology, and he developed such a methodology for martian samples for this circle there on this expedition, here is ours. That was the journalist. E journalist who wrote the article from there. Actually a neighbor wrote. We are two. I wrote too. That is, we are parallel from there. We had internet there. He was limited. But all the same, he was there and we transmitted to the mainland, as it were, articles of our twoweek life on mars in the everyday sense. What we did but it turns out that we took turns preparing food, there, uh, the food was mostly canned, that is, a lot of different canned food, some kind of packages, that is, everything. Here is something similar to space. Yes , the groomed conservis is the same only in a simplified form. You understand that, after all, food for cosmon is expensive. It was cheaper, but thats all. Here dehydrated and there was an oven of bread, but the supply was a little bit today, that is, we could have baked there two or three times, bread so where is the variety. Basically, this is just such canned food, and here they made various soups, cooked in turn. They got out in turn, and the usual shower was a shower, which means there was a toilet. There was a shower, but we had a shower restriction, that is, according to the experiment , it was possible to wash once a week. That is, here, but there were two weeks, that is, there was a shower, well, yes, the water procedure was wet napkins. And how the astronauts take. Thats just saving water. That is, there was there we had such a tank of water, and it was an expedition. She spent wasted wasted wasted. This one was beaten into another water. And that was drinking water. That is, she found everywhere, that is, she went to the kitchen. That is, it was necessary to wash the dishes very carefully; spend little water washing the dishes. Yes, we guess. Well, thats it, that is, it turns out that they processed it. And unlike the astronauts, we had dishes, yes, on the iss, but dishes, no, we wiped them quietly there. I flushed. Here, uh, because we had a tank. We had to save clothes to wash at laundry. So we were there, as we did, uh, there was a set of clothes, that is, we didnt have it. There, we just took clothes. For this time , they simply saved money and did not change it right away. Here they were engaged in culture. And they did a little physical education, because it was a short expedition, that is, here are many crews, they usually do yoga there. Yes , because it really is. Uh, we had stairs between the floors. We are very i tried very much to walk on it. Im real towards the end for two weeks i felt a lack of movement, because we could go outside two or three times a day for 2 hours. We had such a conditional on oxygen and on batteries, but this is just such a one. Uh, like an open space experiment. Yes, here are two or three exits there, you can walk around there, we went out in turn. Here, uh, inside the simulators was not special. Well short expedition. This simulator did not become. They would take their places. So deprivation there were these very different ones, that is, in communication and so on, and in 2 weeks we felt it. Well, the connection with the outside world was as short as possible. And maybe call sometimes yes . Here but uh it was limited. There was no cell service. Here at this point, why did they choose there was no cell service. Here the internet was limited in speed, and we usually spent 2 hours in the evenings writing reports in order to send, uh, articles in the media to some with whom we communicated so that our mission was known, and we wrote to relatives, so they sent a plan vkd, the next day, when we go on roberts, we saw roberts in this. Here, conditionally, on the surface of mars. That is, well, the connection was, but limited. This was important under the conditions of the experiment. We continue our conversation with alexander khokhl about the martian experiment, and anton shiknov is with you. Did you feel that you are on mars yes, we felt it, because this is the limitation plus additional limitations conditional for the experiment of those who have limitations that people who go on a hike do not have. That is, we felt it, and the strongest sensations were in the second half of the experiment, already the Second Intelligence went when we on the one hand got used to the other. Here the outside world began to be forgotten. And there, in principle, there are no city lights. Planes practically do not fly there, such a deserted place, and the only thing that we sometimes saw at night was one searchlight very, very far away. This is the nearest airport. And at the end of the expedition. A strong hurricane began. That is , the clouds flew in, the wind some howls, we are in this station outside. Darkness, the absence of people nearby, but, because there are few people far from the nearest village, and there it is somehow beyond we were watched by the assistant chief, if something happened there was a point where we knew the point where the cellular communication works, lets say so. Two people, so that they get in touch with the deputy sheriff, so that he comes to rescue us. Now, if something would happen, and so we were friends, the people who were watching you were not with you, no, no. Here they were alone. We really were the only people with whom we were in touch. They were scattered all over the world. They were enthusiasts, who were playing the role of soup, and the deputy sheriff, who was watching us, was watching us. Also far away, therefore, yes, this version of the enemy was special. Here we sit like this in the evening, so its already dark. Eh, this wind noise and this feeling out of the planet. I remembered the iron star. Uh, fog from there, theres a moment when a starship lands on a planet near an iron star, and there they are in total darkness. With what terrible jellyfish that flew there . Well, such a fantasy, i read very bright memoirs in Early Childhood and there beauty i felt it all in this shell. Im only light inside outside, darkness and no around, but again about the experiment. And there were some emergency situations that we introduced, uh, the specialists there are not staff, as there were no special ones. We had nishtatki that life just gave. One of us had a clogged toilet. We have one more for the crew. And you had one toilet. Yes, one and a half was a backup, which is disposable well, which is on such a one, and as a result, part of the expedition used a backup toilet, because it was spoiled with me. Uh, the crew member was doing everything wrong, so he was a difficult toilet. Ah, well, the turkish contact is usually terrestrial, not cosmic usually in winter years. But just like they think the crew violated the operating instructions for the toilet ruined it and we use a spare such a dream to be comparable to space. How do you make a regulator there at the station . Maybe it will come in handy for us here on earth so as not to lose something that is simply clogged with us, like trains, this is very space for him. Well , yes, yes, then he repented and apologized. Lets say mounted unclogs. Well, they took communion in the end. Yes, they studied with him. Yes, well, plus we had a shortage of water. Well such, that is. Eh, something that is simple in life, but not that we are being told that you will have such and such a nonstandard, whom i will work out. That is, there life itself is quite harsh at this station. It is not comfortable enough for a person to feel some such severity that mars is not there, the conditions are earthly, but for people to feel hard. Eh, Living Conditions themselves. They are not simple. And there were some funny cases. I dont know relationships. Uh, in the crew, someone quarreled , cursed, but, on the contrary, went into himself. We are there felt. Eh, there is a certain tension already in the second half, when the crisis begins, but there, i dont remember how it was for seven days , or from what 10 days there, there is a date when the crisis appears and we flew. There , some more on the crew began to play Computer Games for a very long time, so that, that is , they could afford it, they could afford free time. Well, at night they played, they played. They didnt play at night. But they worked during the day with eyes like this. They just relieved stress with Computer Games, for example, and uh, for example, because of this, there was also a deprivation of communication, a deprivation of some sensations, and feelings began to dull, especially among the team. I felt i saw and, for example, they began, for example , to drive rovers too fast. Eh, well, pretty much. It was clearly dangerous, i see in the beginning they drove slowly according to the rules, as allowed, and in the second half they began to drive very quickly already quite. Dangerous. Well, its just really dangerous that you can fall off. Uh, just because the crime of feelings has begun, that is, this feeling isolation is affected. I mean, we saw it. Well, we went in spacesuits, we went in a spacesuit. Yes, but the role of commanders was felt. Yes, nikolai is the commander. Here. Uh, what was his role. Well, he kept track of the schedule. There he made some major decisions. He was in touch first. Flights here. Er, of course he is. Well, its a lot of things, but, uh, there was a lack of overall coordination, after all, the team really became a little bit. So tired by the end, tired. And there, maybe, we could no longer manage to somehow keep the team. E in tone. It was already felt tired by the very martian station where you were. In general, the project itself was organized by martianism. He, uh, does it exist now and what does it do, and the martian society exists, it continues to engage in epopularization and, probably, some significant contribution is now imperceptible. That is, they work with students. They are holding a competition. Uh, martian rovers continue to work on the session station