Is the citystate that this attempt at definition can be accepted, if at once to make a reservation that it was neither a city nor a state in the modern sense, there and so on, but somewhere there is a border that cannot be crossed using this already existing knowledge. We cannot remove them. Yes, in assessing the past, especially the distant past. History has one very important predictive function. Humanity always needs support. Well, the main support is, of course, religion. Its clear. What makes humanity humanity in many ways, but history also shows this in our time. Ive been watching lately. At that research is fragmented. Rome on a fragment is considered intolerant to consider the crisis of the crisis of the third branches, that is, our values are attached and at the same time and i will examine it with a political scientist especially. Rome as an ideal m . Of course, not historical rome. But it is very important here that nonhistorical rome turns out to be defining milestones on a huge piece of history, that is, the first rome. Same time the same process is going on in china, which in the third century bc during the punic wars, when there was an example of the struggle between the two leading civilizations hmm for hmm world mediterranean domination is the same process. Yes, uh, here ill grab onto this expression of historical analogy, how much they help us understand something about today, and i was listening to lectures here, and i suffered about the ashes. E war and thought how modern it all is. Uh, they help, or is there more risk or help here . Fedorovich what do you think, well, this is still explanatory models. Yes, so to speak , one cannot go too far with them, that is , one cannot exist without them, but they, uh, cannot be absolutized, that is, ultimately , just a historian. In fact, he must understand the delicacy of his position. Yes, in a sense, he is an intermediary between the people of the past, with whom he builds a certain dialogue and his readers , the people of the present. That is, he, in fact, must, by and large, yes, in the language of the present, tell people modern, and they must understand this, but so to speak. Oh ah people or events there, naturally in the first place, which means in people of the past. Yes, and here, respectively, yes, so to speak, he should not modernize too much, but at the same time, if he starts , yes, as the people of the past said, no one will understand, of course. Of course, here it performs this is the function of an intermediary, which means that with models its about the same. But tell me, then gurevich in my opinion. Yes , he said that when you talk with a person from the past. We need to hear his answers dont impose yours on him yes, but here, as here, so say, e with e, creativity in science. Here is victoria, she will talk to you somehow. You hmm in my opinion, it was extremely interesting to argue that history is also a game, of course, a place for creative imagination. Yes, lets say amber tayaka writes the name of the rose and there hoo. How many things, including literary hallucinations, but this is a book about the middle ages, too, or not. Well, in general , man is the existence of Human Society and man. This is a man who plays. Yes it is a very famous concept, but the fact is that here in research. In this approach, which has dominated in the last 50 years, lets say. So we, unfortunately, especially, trying to understand those who lived before us, imposed their thoughts on us and believed that in every era a person changes dramatically in all the little things. Its not. Here. Eh, now the old idea is beginning to break through, that in the main parameters these are the parameters that a person, as a biological species, is inherent in thinking and creative thinking. He remains e. Hmm, pretty stable. Can i answer you or object to you i will answer you with lotman, who said that in the whole era people loved, hated, experienced there, but they did it in different ways, they did it right in different ways, but they exist, of course, it remained and this allows it. Mankind to maintain stability, if there were only changeable images that change in every era, this integrity of humanity would not be transmitted as a cosmic phenomenon and history. She unites. And by the way, returning to him is not an accidental appeal. We know well take the surface. Rome first. Rome the second rome in third and fourth. Well, the ocean is already raging , rome is trying on the fourth crown. These are not the elements of a worldfamous historian, and we see how rome is trying on the crown in the fourth and therefore , uh. And thank god, when history ends, historians will not be needed. You forgive me, so the pledge. Uh, in general , existence and history, as a science it is especially, but im talking more about history, which is in public in life and not only in conversations. And as one of the factors in the formation of each time a New Historical reality. In connection with this, i have a question because. I recently talked with philologists here, then i involuntarily recalled, in my opinion, gasparov somewhere in the notes or he quotes the nations. E that shakespeare did not put in, there are hundredths of that hamlet that we read today. Today we are also partly talking about the fact that each generation , including historical ones, reads documents in its own way. Manifested can be manifested, well, just in your own way, because you and i live here and now. We look through the glasses that we have and, in general, we cannot take them off. Yes, but nevertheless, anyway, we are talking about people, and this is our fundamentally human unity in fact, and speaking of people. We, again, must understand. Yes, they were other people. They lived in a different era. Yes, but nonetheless. Thats the most important thing that happened to them. This is what we, in principle, are able to understand, Everything Else is, in general, details for the most part. Account, but we need us. Strictly speaking, it is precisely because of this experience that we say that there is a fundamental unity, about which we must talk, about which we must share, when at the age of 23 at the beginning of graduate school. I started to deal with the last peaceful ones. In our country, this was not accepted in essence, even in the encyclopedia no one from all was mentioned, which are now figures and scientific schools and thats it. I didnt think i would have to go through all this. When i translated, the fighter and the cassiodori and read these sources, when is it better to go to barbarians are ashamed to be a roman, the very name is shameful before that, by the way, augustine regretted that alaric defeated. Rome was a tradition for him. And when i had to endure in connection with the collapse of the country in which i was born, in which my life took place, i will see all this, then the understanding is completely different, and that epoch also opened in a completely different way, because another interaction began on the personal level of the individual. Why do we read books here . They are not the same we watch clips we empathize we we become these heroes and the real story should also be it should be. Objective, but if there is no such interaction, history turns into a rigid scheme on decayed parchment, and history is a living perception. Thats life. In my understanding, every period and our period is brilliant. Revealed the story has passed through each of us. Although many did not comprehend this, they all felt it. Denis shmygal, the Prime Minister of ukraine, became the author of the destruction of the Ukrainian Orthodox church is not defended. We must all be patient and im sure well see results. Why are they taking ours . The shrine of our shrines for twice met the pope of the orthodox church. For what it is necessary, in order to free up the field of activity for the unian univera as much as possible, people decide, and at this time they are pulling from the pockets of people the last groves tied to a tax crime, this is his declaration here, and everything is on his wife. He will take on not only tax increases, but also a huge sale of ukraine to keep clean zelensky is trafficked in children, like containers alive, which are brought to europe and dismantled there for organs, of course, it also has something to do with it. 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If a simple question turns into a quiz, can help to opt for lunch improves brain function memory recovery and concentration. Napept, so that the head works, cherkizovo presents, so you say no, but it was delicious later they ate. And you wont stop me. Cherkizova. Tasty. What is the password, if a simple question has become a quiz, can help for lunch, it helps to restore memory and attention to the object, so that the head works. Dad, i also took gingerbread from my grandmother, yes, throw 50 rubles, then its not enough. Issue a free tinkoff junior card to your child and transfer money at any time. Testimonies of jesus victims militants su family i had a friend right there under the tree, and also the most poisonous fake of recent days, antifreak tomorrow on the first and always on 1tv. Ru. This may be, but obviously i will make it so flat was a super pointed question, but why, as far as i understand, there is in the film about the great patriotic war, and the soldiers of the red army in uniform in the fortysecond year, which could not be it will be bad officers. Yes, it will be bad, because a historical mistake. But lets say, when my beloved Alexey Fedorovich losev describes lika and we understand that he he fantasizes, well, to the fullest, because how did he look there, did some trees grow there, how did they walk there . We dont know for sure. This is good. As i was assured, one antikovets. Or you do not agree with such a formulation of the question. Well, i think that this is still a question of distance, really , that is, lets put it this way, when in a thousand years we will be making films about the great patriotic war, well, the pursuit of the fortysecond year is already going well, everything will be real. You and i once talked here on hmm hmm this topic. I just i would like to clarify. But you have personal criteria for what you consider acceptable or unacceptable in historical fiction. Well, in fiction, its quite wide, its acceptable, because in fiction its important to influence and in this sense, shakespeare is a man, uh, antihistorical, because uh, when i read or saw, we even saw performances for years richard the third saw this is a monster and you are everything this is debunked, literally the remains found richard. It turned out that there was not a single fact that there was. Even there was not even his presence, but everyone remembers the monster of richard the third, if you look at more hmm previously endure plays that are dedicated to predecessors or sieves that you will find the same shakespeare did not write history. He was not history. He was an artist. Im not sure if it was just that someone would read a boring story with the change of richard iiis parameter that he didnt have a hump there and thats it. This and this will be interesting. It will be an interesting unit very much i like several times published. We have a book the ferro brand is like telling a story to children around the world. Well, he expands his horizons especially when it is visible, and when, using the example of one country, he quotes in a textbook of different eras, and in general, the question, of course, with all the expansion of horizons remains, but the very objective history, how to find it, especially when today we say and say justifiably that we will not allow some things to be rewritten there that are important for us for our vision of the past, you can probably say so. Heres what you think about it completely, well, you just have to really right away, but proceed from the fact that there is academic science and there is the teaching of history, but tell her school stories, School History is still valid. The formation of a civic position is the formation of patriotism, but to say this is a conversation in general about love for ones country. And by the way, speaking of love in general, just for humanity at the same time, and of course, so to speak, anyone will again teach to talk about the fact that everything was not easy there. Yes, what can i say . There is no such thing to say, only such black and white pictures, black and white picture its about theology. Here. Uh, history is a mix. Yes, its inevitable. Absolutely. Well, that is, understandable. Yes, what is there to say the devil with god say e in the human heart is fighting, but its all so covertly it turns out in the end, yes, thats why its one thing to say so. Here is the history teacher. He is talking about one story, he tells the children. Yes, but another thing is academic history. Where actually to say already, in principle, other approaches. You know its very dangerous, so to speak statement. That is, he says that he is deceiving and thats it. He does not deceive them, but one approach to children is the same as adults, another approach is a dialectical combination. They have nowhere to go, this is education education. Its basically built on that. Yes, so to speak, you can not take to come to the child and start feeding his baby, yes, with adult food. Victoria is the author of many different textbooks. And how do you feel . To the thought of the same kolinguda, so we started with him again , he remembered that textbooks are always describe not what real modern historians now think. And what the historians of the past thought, how great the risk of this, he drew attention, of course, to a very important thing, which we are talking about now, that if we are talking about the present moment, then naturally, we cannot fix it. Eh, in textbooks , the textbook tells a certain set of facts immediately and directly, but i want to say that in each country this set is different