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Going Medieval Fig. 1. Exterior of Cardiff Castle, Wales, as designed and restored for John Crichton-Stuart, third Marquess of Bute (1847–1900) by William Burges (1827–1881). The towers, right to left, are: the Clock Tower (1869–1874), Guest Tower (1875), Herbert Tower (built 1580s, heightened about 1880), Beauchamp Tower (built c. 1432–1439, spire added 1878), and the Bute Tower (built 1780s, heightened 1875). Except as noted, all photographs are courtesy of the Cardiff Council. Cardiff, the handsome capital of Wales, is known for its eponymous research university, its National Museum and art gallery, the open-air St. Fagans National Museum of History, well-preserved Victorian and Edwardian shopping arcades, abundant parklands, and other distinguishing attractions. However, the center of town boasts Cardiff’s chief glory, a many-towered fantasy whose crenellated walls, tall spires, and varied rooftops suggest some mythical stronghold (Fig. 1). Cardiff Castl ....
For residents of Rochester, August 21, 1883, began with oppressive heat and ominous stillness. By evening, the skies darkened and the winds began to roar. A tornado formed from these conditions, devastating most of the town and much of the outlying rural area. It killed dozens and injured hundreds, dropping people into cemeteries, scattering fish across the landscape, and plucking chickens bald. In the ruins of the small city, however, lay the seeds for its promising future: an emergency hospital, created to tend to the wounded, led to the establishment of the now world-famous Mayo Clinic. Before the storm, Rochester was best known as the hub of the wheat market in southeastern Minnesota. It was incorporated as a town in 1858, the same year that Minnesota became a state. ....