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Russia's most brilliant victories over Napoleon


Russia’s most brilliant victories over Napoleon
Napoleon s Retreat from Russia.
Adolph Northen
Defeating the French emperor on the battlefield was no walk in the park, so to speak. But the Russian army did it on several occasions.
Battle of Maloyaroslavets
On Oct. 19, 1812, Napoleon’s 
Grande Armée, having idled away more than a month in Moscow, left the burned and devastated city on its retreat back through the western provinces of the Russian Empire, where it could wait out the winter. The emperor decided to make a detour to Kaluga in the south, where he planned to seize the rich stores of food intended for the Russian troops. ....

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The Goya Code Chapter 4: Three Kings and an Emperor for the Crown of Spain


The Goya Code Chapter 4: Three Kings and an Emperor for the Crown of Spain
Fig 1. - Principal characters of the Pilgrimage of San Isidro. Photo by Mariano Candial
By Antonio Muñoz-Casayús
MONTREAL
.- The War of Independence against Napoleon has begun. There is no turning back. Francisco de Goya was the war correspondent and the witness to all of the aberrations committed, transmitting them to us through his impressive engravings and paintings.
There has never been a good war, nor has there been a bad peace. (Baltasar Gracián. 1601- 1658. Jesuit, philosopher and writer).
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
On February 28, 1808, Napoleon invades Spain and under the pretext of reinforcing his army on the Portuguese front, he begins his incursion by sending in tens of thousands of well supplied soldiers. ....

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