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Cooke, John Esten (1830–1886) – Encyclopedia Virginia
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Narrative of William Wells Brown, a Fugitive Slave, Written by himself. Two years later he traveled to England to lecture on the abolition circuit, as Frederick Douglass had done. While he was there, the U.S. Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act (1850), making it impossible for Brown to return to the United States without either facing reenslavement or purchasing his freedom from the man who claimed to own him. Brown refused to do either. He was trapped in England, but he prospered there, publishing new versions of his narrative and writing and publishing
Clotel; or the President’s Daughter. In 1854, abolitionists bought Brown’s freedom and he returned to America.
Messenger foundered until 1835 when, on the recommendation of John Pendleton Kennedy, White hired Poe, then an unknown and impoverished poet, to serve as the journal’s literary editor. Under Poe’s direction, the journal greatly increased circulation, improved in quality, and developed connections with the northern literary establishment. But the position, which required long hours of reviewing manuscripts many of them poorly written severely taxed Poe’s patience and endurance. He left the journal in 1837 to pursue a writing career in the North, leaving White and his assistant, Matthew F. Maury, to produce the journal. Although a capable printer, White had little education or literary acumen. Under his direction, the journal published a hodgepodge of personal essays, tedious treatises on the classics, occasional poems, and effusive reviews.
Edgar Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, to traveling actors David Poe Jr. (a Baltimore, Maryland, native) and Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins (an emigrant from England). Poe was the couple’s second of three children. His brother, William Henry Leonard Poe, was born in 1807, and his sister, Rosalie Poe, was born in 1810. On December 8, 1811, when Poe was just two years old, his mother died in Richmond. His father, who had left the family in 1810, died of unknown circumstances. Henry, as William Henry Leonard was known, lived with his grandparents in Baltimore, while Rosalie and Edgar remained in Richmond. William and Jane Mackenzie adopted Rosalie, and Edgar became the foster son of John and Frances Allan. Poe received his middle name from his foster parents.
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