In this new article publication from Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, authors Ting Lei, Zhihang Yang, Xue Xia, Yuxiu Chen, Xiaotong Yang, Rou Xie, Fan Tong, Xiaolin Wang, Huile Gao from Sichuan University, Chengdu, China and Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China discuss how nanocleaners can specifically penetrate the blood‒brain barrier at lesions to clean toxic proteins and regulate inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.