Against most cancers. There are many viruses being utilized to try to take advantage of differences in cancer cells versus normal cells , that viruses may replicate in cancer cells versus not replicating. This provides opportunities to really disrupt those cancer cells and lead to death of the , but as francis mentioned, this is not as effective as one would imagine on the basis of that particular approach and paradigm. However, those viruses that are new antigens, when combined with immune modulation may provide significant opportunities to train the immune system to recognize not only viral particles but bystander mutations that are occurring in the cancer cell, so it may really prime the immune system further. There is exciting work going on with a particular engineered virus and brain cancer, which is showing impressive result that of patients. We need to understand why some patients are responding versus not. Those are exciting opportunities. I think that estimate is going to need
Are fit featuring an episode each day. 7 pm eastern on cspan. At tthe cspan, a look the justice y and system. The director of the equal with Ce Initiative ssince sister helen prejean. Heres a preview. Remember being shocked dead rned a lot through men walking, and people who had been executed. It shocked me profoundly. One of the things is when you write a book, you do research. I learned about police brutality. Also, when slavery was the 13th in amendment, it was except for are in prison they are indentured servants. It has not been abolished completely in this country. Have been amazed. Say it the to racism in the supreme court. Study in georgia death sentences giving, and overwhelmingly corresponds to when the victim the Death Penalty makes news when the victim makes ck, the news barely a blip. You are lucky if you can find five lines on page 30, in the case of someone from st. Thomas. When a white person was killed, it was always on the front page of the paper. Not long ago, we sta
I am karen brooks. I want to thank you both for a lifetime of science. Can you speak to the state of research and treatment for brain cancer and other such forms of cancer . We have made tremendous progress across many different fronts. Among the most challenging, to diseases i spent time studying in my laboratory is the brain cancer that took senator kennedys life and also pancreas cancer. There has been a tremendous amount of basic science work that has given us the atlas of genes in those cancers, really outstanding genetic model systems that help us understand what those genes do, but we are faced with converting noninformation into therapies that truly treat those diseases. I am cautiously optimistic of early data beginning to emerge in the immunotherapy space which may give us a foothold upon which we can build quite rapidly. A good example, another disease we studied because it is a very lent disease virulent diseases melanoma. In 2009 there were very few advances that had any i
Instead, harnesses the power of the immune system in the hopes, reawakens it so it recognizes that cancer and can attack the cancer. Those therapies are giving responses in a large fraction of patients with advanced disease. And so, if we begin to combine the targeted therapies going after the genes, harnesses the power of the immune system, i think what you will see over the next 510 years are significant reductions in cancer mortality. We are seeing cap for melanoma. And a variety of other cancers across the board. It sounds extremely complex to do targeted therapy based on specific genetic mutations. I wonder if doctors, it is one thing to be at a great institution, what if you are at some other place . Are doctors able to keep up and provide the kind of care that is made such a difference . Other great institutions, George Washington here in this area and so on and so forth, the issue is really the knowledge gap that you are referring to. It is a significant one. There was a report
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