to help estimate a number. many times throughout american history the question of how many jellybeans are in a jar has been a racist tool of oppression. in 1890 mississippi lawmakers gathered in jackson to find a way around the 15th amendment which gave african-americans the right to vote. the white judge who presided put the matter bluntly. we came here to exclude the negro. nothing short will answer. the mississippi lawmakers adopted two measures to make voting all but impossible for black people in mississippi. one was a poll tax. you had to bring the equivalent of $58 in today s money to vote. the other was a literacy test. registrars could ask arbitrary questions to decide if prospective voters were smart enough to vote. white people always seemed to get the simple questions. black voters, well, black voters were asked such things as how many bubbles are in a bar of soap? and they were also asked things like how many jellybeans are in this jar? these practices became com
our thanks. your rewards. as we begin a new hour, we turn to the biden agenda. joe manchin says he wants a spending bill not too big. in moments, how the poor people s campaign is putting pressure on the west virginia senator. plus, a humanitarian crisis in del rio, texas. new developments about how the biden administration is responding. and the woman who designed the dress that has the worlds of fashion and politics buzzing. this is american voices. we begin this hour in texas where the state s ultra-conservative legislature kicks off a new special session tomorrow. this time around, texas republicans plan to focus on redistricting. they are already busy working to redraw maps to favor republican incumbents. the texas tribune reports, quote, republicans hold majorities in both chambers they will have every advantage as they use the process to position their party for the next decade as the state population becomes younger and more diverse. this is a process known
by failing to value their sleep. oh, i can t do it, too fast. clock ticks across the developed world, children are sleeping less than previous generations. ..as long as you guys have been alive. students in english schools are the most sleep deprived in europe. how many of you heard the phrase, sleep on it? clock ticks you ve heard that? what s it if you go to school and you haven t had a good night s sleep? how do you feel? tiring. can t be bothered walking to school. you can t even be bothered walking to school? no. do you find it difficult to wake up in the morning? all: yeah. i try and fall asleep in lessons, but i always get caught. does anyone actually fall asleep in lessons? does that ever happen? i ve seen someone do it in my french class before. ifell asleep in english, because we read a book and i was reading a book and i was like that and then just. . .i fell asleep. you were nodding off? yeah. a growing body of research shows that poor sleep jeopardises our chil
how many of you heard the phrase, sleep on it? clock ticks. you ve heard that? what s it if you go to school and you haven t had a good night s sleep? how do you feel? tiring. can t be bothered walking to school. you can t even be bothered walking to school? no. do you find it difficult to wake up in the morning? all: yeah. i try and fall asleep in lessons, but i always get caught. does anyone actually fall asleep in lessons? does that ever happen? i ve seen someone do it in my french class before. ifell asleep in english, because we read a book and i was reading a book and i was like that and then just. . .i fell asleep. you were nodding off? yeah. a growing body of research shows that poor sleep jeopardises our children s school performance and their long term health. we desperately need to get children s sleep onto the public health agenda. we ve done it with nutrition. people now are starting to understand the perils of sugar, the dangers of childhood obesity, they now