Enormous concerns every step along the way of russia and escalation which is, to your previous point about the nuclear saberrattling that you hear from russians, you know, that s one of the major deterrents that they have left for the united states and nato is threatening nuclear escalation. that s why you hear it. they don t have a lot of efforts to defer the united states. i like the testing the ice metaphor. we re sending howitzers, helicopters, anti-armor weapons into ukraine. have they irreverseibly crossed a line to be more muscular or is this one package at a time we need to look at it? look, i don t think that putin is under any illusions here. he understands that the united states and the nato alliance would like to bleed him as much as possible in ukraine. certainly that increases the security of nato members themselves. it s much less likely that putin has the capability to threaten