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Mark Antony, Latin Marcus Antonius, (born 83 died August, 30 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Roman general under Julius Caesar and later triumvir (43–30 bce), who, with Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, was defeated by Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) in the last of the civil wars that destroyed the Roman Republic. Mark Antony was the son and grandson of men of the same name. His father was called Creticus because of his military operations in Crete; his grandfather, one of the leading orators of his day, was a consul and censor who was vividly portrayed as a speaker in Cicero’s De oratore (55).
Saturn, Latin Saturnus, in Roman religion, the god of sowing or seed. The Romans equated him with the Greek agricultural deity Cronus. The remains of Saturn’s temple at Rome, eight columns of the pronaos (porch), still dominate the west end of the Forum at the foot of the Clivus Capitolinus. The temple goes back to the earliest records of the republic (6th century bce). It was restored by Lucius Munatius Plancus in 42 bce and, after a fire, in the 4th century ce. It served as the treasury (aerarium Saturni) of the Roman state. Saturn’s cult partner was the obscure
The Sodales Augustales spread the imperial cult and the idea of the emperor’s divinity across the Roman world. Who would want to face an empire whose leader was a god?
QUESTION: I found it fascinating that you were able to calculate the funding of the war that Cleopatra provided Mark Antony. Have you done similar work to look at the funding of Julius Caesar to cross the Rubicon? WT ANSWER: Yes. Where the Battle of Actium was a proxy war instigated by Cleopatra to try