elites, as well as voters. but there are some important changes that have happened in recent times that we talk about in our paper that you mentioned on to pinpoint. i think the important point of that paper is that possibility that polarization could cross a tipping point beyond which it becomes increasingly difficult, if not impossible, to turn the temperature back down. not impossible, i ll take that some kind of good news. michael, your sociology guy. how do you explain why democrats are confident in a democratic system the very nearly feel entirely in 2020? is there maybe so short? what is going on? the warning signs are everywhere where. it s like alice in wonderland level delusion. i again, i hesitate to speculate on the motivations of people who respond to survey s. the thing to do is to have a follow-up survey, to try to