With growing demand for electric vehicles, yearly graphite supply needs to be about four times higher in 2030, and about nine times higher in 2040, than at present, owing to its use in energy transition-related products, such as lithium-ion batteries. During a presentation at the Junior Indaba last week, ASX-listed Walkabout Resources CEO Andrew Cunningham said natural graphite demand would exceed supply in 2025, noting that flake graphite production would require $7.57-billion in capital expenditure investment to meet battery demand in 2035.
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Green hydrogen must be made cheap enough to decarbonise optimally at a time when the delay in emission reduction needs to be reversed if the world is to hit net zero by 2050. A range of factors need to be aligned relating to policy, technology, the circular economy, social buy-in and primary supply.