against russia, there would be kind of an energy crisis in europe on the scale of the 1970s in the u.s. are europeans willing to deal with that? the german leadership certainly, they re doing nord stream, which actually helps russia, hurts ukraine. i don t hear them being very strong right now. will europe back the united states were it to be compelled to take a tough line? i think president putin was very surprised that europe imposed sanctions for the invasion of ukraine before, for taking over crimea and invading donbass, and i think there would be consensus to increase them further. remember, russia also needs to settle their gas. we can buy gas from the united states.