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History About 30 sultans ruled from the Topkapı Palace for nearly four centuries during the Ottoman Empire’s 600-year reign, beginning with Mehmed II. He ordered the construction of the palace in the late 1450s, several years after conquering Constantinople (Istanbul), the capital of the Byzantine Empire, in 1453. Medmed took up residence in 1478, and after his death three years later, successive sultans renovated and expanded the palace frequently, resulting in the palace’s medley of changing Islamic, Ottoman, and European architecture styles and decoration. The immense Topkapı Palace housed 1,000–4,000 inhabitants, including up to 300 in the harem. Layout Mehmed’s original layout, which consisted of four consecutive courtyards surrounded by high walls, remains. Each courtyard served different purposes and was separated by a gate that incrementally restricted entry, culminating in the most-private third and fourth courtyards. The palace’s surviving buildings are gener

Republic of turkeyWilliamj boweHagia eireneDivanov shutterstockJustice topkapCouncil hallPalace museum topkapPalace museumTurkish topkapOttoman empireByzantine empireOuter courtyardMiddle gateTiled pavilionPersian timuridDivan square