What We Know About SARS-CoV-2 One Year Later: Part 2
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The S protein of SARS-CoV had been studied extensively before the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Among other structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, the S protein was discovered to be highly immunogenic and effective at neutralizing antibodies recovered from SARS patients were directed at S protein.
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Research into therapeutics and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 was focused immediately on the S protein. Although the four structural proteins of the novel SARS-CoV share over 90% in sequence identity with SARS-CoV-2, S protein consisting of S1 and S2 subunits diverged had just 77% sequence similarity.
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The S1 subunit contains the NTD or the N-terminal domain and Receptor binding domain (RBD), which binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) mainly through direct interaction with the receptor-binding motif (RBM).
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