thank you both for being here. i have to ask you, alexander, how different it was for you to watch the way that this president is dealing with valid vladimir putin versus the previous one that had a wishful attitude for vladimir putin. just for you, how do you see the difference? it pretty stark. frankly in a lot of ways i think this administration has handled the matter of the looming crisis textbook. that might not be enough under the previous administration i think putin believed he had license to push pretty far to act with impunity and now he s testing that. that s part of what the russians see at the moment as an opportunity, the vulnerability of the united states, the united states divided internally and they re testing the ability to act with little to no