And 13 u.s. service members. by explosively directing ball bearings through a packed crowd and into our men and women at abbey gate. the disturbing lethality of this device was confirmed by the 58 u.s. service members who were killed and wounded despite the universal wear of body armor and helmets. it did stop ball bafings that impacted them but could not prevent catastrophic injuries to areas that covered. the investigation found no definitive proof that anyone was ever hit or killed by gunfire, either u.s. or afghan. this conclusion was based upon the caref ful consideration of sworn testimony of witnesses and those witnesses in observation towers, both american and british, who were in locations unaffected by the blast and that had commanding views of the scene before, during and after the explosive attack. this conclusion was also confirmed by the findings and analysis of medical examiners and explosives experts.