i think it s a general social welfare improvement for these households, so i would support it even if the finding came back nil. that s my own editorializing on this. and we should say, there s been lots of studies on the effectiveness of pre-k, universal pre-k, for instance. studies come out and sometimes the data get confounding as more studies come out. it s possible that there are studies that would find different findings here. but one thing i think this speaks to is that there is a fear that if you give these people money, they are going to do bad stuff with it. it s going to go to waste or it will be used on bad stuff. and i feel like, at the very least, there is something pretty demonstrative here. and there is clearly not some negative effect happening to households from an unconditional cash payments. exactly. we hear that question all the time, are you worried that families will squander the money? and i will take a step back to answer that. literature